Section A [60 marks] Answer ALL questions in this section. 1.

Diagram 1 shows the chemical symbols representing three elements X,Y and Z.

Diagram 1 (a) State the group and period in which the element Z is placed. Group 14 and period 2 ... [2 marks] (b) Element X burns in oxygen gas with a yellow flame. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 4X+ O2 2X2O ... [2 marks] (c) (i) Write the formula of the compound formed between element X and element Y. XY ... [1 mark] (ii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed in (c)(i).

[2 marks] (d) (i)State the type of compound formed between Y and Z. Covalent compound ... [1 mark]

(ii) State two physical properties of compound formed in (d) (i) 1 insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvent / low melting and boiling point 2 cannot conduct electricity in any state [2 marks] 2. Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution with carbon electrodes.

Diagram 2 (a) What is the energy change in the electrolytic cell above? Electrical energy to chemical energy ... [1 mark] (b) Write the formulae of all ions present in sodium chloride solution. Na+, H+, OH-, Cl... [1 mark] (c) (i)Name the gas collected at electrode P. oxygen ... [1 mark] (ii) How do you identify the gas collected in (c)(i)? Collect the gas in a test tube and test with a glowing wooden spindle and the glowing wooden splinter will rekindle. [2 marks]

(d) (i) What is the product formed at electrode P if the experiment is repeated using 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution? Chlorine gas . [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i) .. [2 marks] (iii) Write the half equation for the reaction at electrode P. 2Cl- Cl2 + 2 e.. [1 mark] (e) Suggest one metal that can replace the carbon electrodes in this experiment to obtain the same result as above. Platinum ... [1 mark] 3. Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to study the neutralisation between a strong acid and a strong alkali.

25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is poured into a conical flask. A few drops of phenolphthalein are added into the solution. The solution in the conical flask is titrated with 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. What is meant by a strong acid? An acid that ionizes completely when dissolved in water .. [1 mark] 3 Suggest an apparatus that can be used to measure 25.0 cm of sodium hydroxide solution accurately. pipette . [1 mark] State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask at the end point. Pink to colourless [1 mark] (i) Write a chemical equation for the above reaction. NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) [ 1 mark] 3 3 (ii) In this experiment, 20.0 cm hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise 25.0 cm of sodium hydroxide solution. Determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution used. Moarity of NaOH =
0.120 25

= 0.08 mol dm-3

[2 marks] (e) (i) The experiment is repeated with 0.1 mol dm sulphuric acid to replace hydrochloric acid. Predict the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 sodium hydroxide solution. 10 cm3 ... [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in (e)(i) Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid. One mole of sulphuric acid ionises to produce two mole of hydrogen ion which neutralizes the hydroxide ions from NaOH . . [2 marks] Suggest another indicator that can be used to replace phenolphthalein. . [1 mark]
-3

(f)

4. A series of experiment are conducted to study the effects of metals X,Y and Z on the corrosion of iron nail. Four iron nails are cleaned with sand paper. Three nails are each wrapped with the metals X,Y and Z. The four nails are place in four separate test tubes as shown in Diagram 4. Agar solution containing some potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and phenolphthalein are poured into each test tube. The result after two days are recorded in Table 4

Diagram 4 Result Test tube Intensity of blue colour Intensity of red colour A Low None B Very high High Table 4 (a) Write a half equation for the corrosion of iron. Name this reaction. Fe(s) Fe2+ + 2e- , oxidation reaction .. [2 marks] (b) State the use of potassium hexacyanoferate(III) To detect the present of iron (II) ions ... [1 mark] (c) (i) From your results in Table 4, state in which test tube did the iron corrodes fastest. Test tube B . [1 mark] (ii) Explain why iron corrodes fastest in this test tube as in (c)(i) The metal X used to wrap iron nail is less electropositive than iron. Thus, iron that is more electropositive will ionizes to form fe2+. The rate of corrosion is increased. . [ 2 marks] C None Very High D High None

(d) Arrange the metals Fe, X,Y and Z in order of decreasing electropositivity. Y, Fe, Z, X ... [1 mark] (e) In test tube C, the solution turns red. (i) Write the formula of the ion that causes the solution in test tube C to turn red. OH. [1 mark] (ii) Suggest the metal Y used in test tube C Zinc or magnesium .. [1 mark] (f) What is the function of test tube A? As a control experiment to study the effect of other metal on the rate of corrosion on iron ... [1 mark] 5. Diagram 5 shows an aloe vera plant. Aloe vera plant can be used as a traditional medicine.

Diagram 5 (a) Which of the parts K, L, M or N is used as main source of medicine? ... [1 mark] (b) (i) What type of disease can be cured by using aloe vera? ... [1 mark] How is aloe vera is use to treat the disease in (b)(i) .. [1 mark]

(iii)

(c) Table 5 shows three types of medicine. Type of medicine Antibiotics Psychotherapeutic medicine Analgesics Function (i) (ii) (iii) Table 5 (i) (ii) Complete Table 5 to show the functions of the types of medicine given. [3 marks] What is the side effect of analgesic medicine such as aspirin if is used by a child below 2 years old? .. [1 mark] Why must patients complete the course of antibiotics prescribed by the doctor? [1 mark] Barbiturate is an example of psychotherapeutic medicine. State one function of barbiturate. .. [1 mark] 6. A student carried out an experiment to determine the value of heat of displacement. Diagram 6 shows the set up of the apparatus used in the experiment.

(iii)

(iv)

Diagram 6

(a) What is meant by heat of displacement? ... [1 mark] (b) (i) State one observation in the experiment. ... [1 mark] State one reason for the observation in (b)(i) . [1 mark] State the name of substance that is oxidized during the reaction.

(ii)

(iii)

. [1 mark] 3 -3 (c) In this experiment, excess copper is added to 100cm of 0.5 mol dm silver nitrate solution. The heat of displacement in this experiment is -105 kJ mol-1. [specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.2 J g-1-1 ; the density of solution is 1 g cm-3] (i) Calculate the heat energy released in this experiment.

[2 marks] (ii) Calculate the temperature change in this experiment.

[2 marks] (iii) Sketch the energy level diagram for the reaction.

[3 marks]

SECTION B [20 marks] Answer any one question from this section. 7. (a) Carbon-14 is one isotope of carbon. It has 8 neutrons. (i) Draw and describe the atomic structure of carbon-14. (ii) [4 marks] State one example of another isotope of carbon. State the number of neutron in the isotope. Write the symbol of the isotope in the form (b)

A ZX
[3 marks]

Diagram 7 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the melting point of naphthalene.

Diagram 7 Table 7 shows the melting point and boiling point of naphthalene, substance P and substance Q. Substance Naphthalene P Q Melting point () 80 0 -97 Table 7 (i) (ii) Which substance P or Q is suitable to be used as substance X in Diagram 7? Explain your answer. [2 marks] Explain why naphthalene is not heated directly with a Bunsen burner? [1 mark] Boiling point () 218 100 65

(c) Graph 7 shows the cooing curve of naphthalene.

Graph 7 Describe Graph 7 in terms of states of matter, particle arrangements and changing in energy. [10 marks] 8. (a) A chef takes a longer time to cook a whole potato compared to a potato that is cut into smaller pieces. Explain why. [4 marks]

(b) Graph 8 shows the results of Experiment I and Experiment II to investigate the factor of catalyst in the reaction of zinc and hydrochloric acid.

(i)

Graph 8 Which experiment used catalyst? State the name of the catalyst used. [2 marks]

(ii) The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid releases energy. Draw an energy profile diagram for both reactions in Experiment I and Experiment II. Label E a for the activation energy without a catalyst and Ea for the activation energy with a catalyst. [4 marks]

(iii) Explain the difference in the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II based on

the collision theory.

[4 marks] (c) Table 8 shows three experiments that were carried out to investigate the effect of concentration

on the rate of reaction.

Experiment I II III

Reactants
Excess of calcium carbonate powder + 40 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. Excess of calcium carbonate powder + 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. Excess of calcium carbonate powder + 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. Table 8 Table 8

Sketch a graph to show the volume of carbon dioxide gas released against time taken for the three experiments on the same axis. [3 marks] Compare the volume of gas released between Experiment I and II and between Experiment II and III. Explain why. [3 marks]

SECTION C [20 marks] Answer any one question from this section. 9. (a) Diagram 9 shows an experiment that is carried out for the preparation of lead(II) carbonate salt.

(i) (ii)

Diagram 9 Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. [1 mark]
3 -3

25 cm of 0.5 mol dm potassium carbonate solution is added to the lead (II) nitrate solution. Calculate the mass of lead(II) carbonate formed. [Relative atomic mass: C=12; O=16; Pb=207] [2 marks] (iii) How can the dry lead(II) carbonate crystal be obtained? [3 marks] (iv) State the observation and the product formed when lead (II) carbonate is heated. Explain a way to confirm and identify the gas released. Write a chemical equation to support your answer. [6 marks] (b) (i) State three equations for the reaction in the preparation of iron (III) nitrate salt which is soluble. [3 marks] (ii) Describe how to carry out a chemical test to detect the presence of ions in iron(III) nitrate. [5 marks] 10 (a) Explain by naming an example , the meaning of saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. [4 marks] (b) Unsaturated hydrocarbon can be converted into saturated hydrocarbon. State the process and the condition needed. Write the chemical equation involved. [4 marks] Hydrocarbon hex-1-ene and hexane are burnt completely in air. Compare the sootiness of the flame produced during the reaction. Explain your answer. [6 marks]

(c)

(d)

Digram 10 shows a series of reactions involving some organic compounds. Aluminium oxide Heat

Propan-1-ol

Hydrocarbon X Diagram 10

H2 / Ni Heat

Hydrocarbon Y

(i) State the name of hydrocarbon X and Y. (ii) Liquid bromine is added separately to hydrocarbon X and Y. State the observation. (iii) Explain why there is a difference in these observation [6 marks]