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Problem 1.1 :
If a transmitter produces 50 W of power, express the transmit power in units of a) dBm, b) dBW.
Note: For the unit dBmW, the abbreviation dBm is commonly used. Transmitter power is Pt = 50 W .
Pt [ mW ] = 10 log [ 50 103 ] = 47.0 dBm a) Pt ,dBm = 10 log 1mW Pt [ W ] = 10 log [ 50 ] = 17.0 dBW b) Pt ,dBW = 10 log 1 W
Solutions 1 Fundamentals
Problem 1.2 :
If 50 watts are transmitted by a unity gain antenna at 900 MHz carrier frequency, find the received power (assuming unity gain receiver antenna) in [dBm] and [W] at a free space distance of: a) 100 m from antenna, b) 10 km from antenna.
P power = t 2 4 R area
2 4
a) received power = 3.5 x 106 W 24.5 dBm b) received power = 3.5 x 1010 W 64.5 dBm
Solutions 1 Fundamentals
Problem 1.3 :
Assume an air-filled metallic rectangular waveguide of cross-section 22.86 mm x 10.16 mm. Calculate a) the monomode frequency range, b) the guided wavelength at 10 GHz, c) group velocity and phase velocity at 10 GHz.
a)
= 6557 MHz 2a Similarly, fcTE20 = 13114 MHz and fcTE01 = 14753 MHz. Therefore, the monomode frequency range is limited by the cutoff frequencies of modes TE10 and TE20, respectively.
b)
From [FuK II, 4.26], considering TE10 and =2/g : = g c a
2
, g = 39.7 mm
m s
= 1.32 c0
m s
vgroup =
c2 v phase
= 2.27 x108
= 0.76 c0
Solutions 1 Fundamentals
Problem 1.4 :
A hypothetical isotropic antenna is radiating in free space. At a distance of 100 m from the antenna, the total electric field is measured to be 5 V/m. a) Find the power density at this location. b) Determine the total power radiated by the antenna.
b) radiating power
2p p
Prad = Prad =
S Wrad dS
2p p 0 0
f =0 q =0
0.03315 r 2 sin q d q d f
Prad = 4166.67 W
Solutions 1 Fundamentals
Problem 1.5 :
A dipole of length 3/2 is resonant at f = 150 MHz. Calculate its mechanical length a) in air, b) in water (rel = 81).
a) c0
r r
=f
Solutions 1 Fundamentals
Problem 1.6 :
A charge Q is placed at distance h over an extended, perfectly conducting plate. a) Name the boundary conditions of this problem. b) How can the electric field in the halfspace of the charge be calculated? c) How can charge distribution and total charge on the plate be determined? boundary at infinity field decaying to zero with r1 boundary on metal plate Dirichlet boundary for tangential E-field (Etan = 0) use of Q mirror charge at 2h distance. Superposition of E-fields.
a)
b)
Q
1 E (r ) = 4
r r2
r
r1
r r
i i
Qi
er i =
Q 1 Q 2 er i 2 er i 4 0 r r1 r r2
r r1
r2
c)
er1
E2
Q
h
E= 1
+Q z
h
a
2 + h2
E( ) =
h Q e 2 2 3/ 2 z 2 0 ( + h )
charges influenced on the plate according to normal electric field: 0 Enormal = qF surface charge density: qF ( ) = h Q 2 ( 2 + h 2 )3/ 2
2
q
0 0
( ) d d = = Q
Solutions 1 Fundamentals
Problem 1.7 :
Calculate for the fields A, A (in Cartesian coordinates) a) div curl A b) curl grad A
A A A grad A = ex + ey + ez x y z
A Ay Az div A = x + + x y z
A Ay Ax Az Ay Ax curl A = ex z + ey + ez z x y z y x
a)
A Ay Ax Az Ay Ax div curl A = z + + x y z y z x z x y 2 Az 2 Ay 2 Ax 2 Az 2 Ay 2 Ax div curl A = + + =0 xy xz yz xy xz yz
b)
Solutions 1 Fundamentals
Problem 1.8 :
Calculate the surface resistance and skin depth of tin ( = 8.7 x 106 S/m) and silver ( = 61 x 106 S/m) at frequencies 100 MHz and 10 GHz.
Skin depth : = Tin at 100 MHz : Tin at 10 GHz : Silver at 100 MHz : Silver at 10 GHz :
1 f