Tourism is one of the widely increasing and fastest growing industry in the world today.

It is an industry that will be the worlds largest by the year 2020(Cruz, 2005). It is then evident in every part of the globe today including the Philippines wherein it becomes to utmost extent as the common living in some parts of the country. As estimated by the World Tourist Organization, tourist arrivals from all countries grows at around 10 percent per annum while foreign exchange earnings from tourism has an average annual increase of about 11 percent (Cruz, 1982). Through such statistics, you can picture out a potential sector of the country that could help improve a countrys economy. Tourism, although used only in the early 19th century, has a rich history that started at the earliest of times. The term Tourism was derived from the Hebrew word torah which means studying, learning, searching. Both the Romans and the Greeks have experienced tourism in some ways. For the Greeks, people made use of travel to attend the Olympic Games as a form of travel for personal purpose. The Romans specially the rich also traveled for the purpose of visitation of friends and relatives. In the Philippines, the earliest form of tourism began when the original inhabitants of the country roamed around in search for food and was in the form of Inter-tribe travel. In the 1920s, tourism started to become a form of business in the Philippine wherein entrepreneurs provided inland tours for travelers from the U.S., China, Japan and Europe with the use of unregistered private cars called colorum and wherein the drivers served as tour guides even without any formal training in tour guiding. According to Cruz (1991, 1999), colorum means illegal tour handling and the illegal use of private vehicles for public use. In the past, tourism was closely tied with travel but at the present, travel has just become an essential part of tourism. Tourism has been defined in a plenty of ways and one of the earliest definition was given during the year 1910 by Hermann V. Schulland, an Austrian Economist. He

stated, Tourism is the sum total of the operator, mainly of an economic nature which directly relates to the entry, stay, and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or region. Another definition was provided by Bhatia (1991) wherein according to the author, tourism is essentially a pleasure and recreational activity in which money earned in one normal domicile is spent in the place visited. Tourism has affected not only one sector of a certain country but also a few including a countrys economic, social and cultural sector. On the economic sector of a country it includes its effects on income, employment, areas balance of payments on the outside world and on investment and development. It cannot be denied that tourism is an income generator in a variety of ways for it has a wide range of businesses that can be provided to tourist such as local foods and drinks, local crafts, restaurants, tour guides and interpreters and most of all board and lodging. Based on my own experience, In places like Tagaytay and Taal, tourism becomes the business of the population. In Tagaytay, a tour package is being offered by tourist guides wherein you get to experience the nature and culture of the place such as traveling to the crater of Taal Volcano and having a scrumptious meal right after. In Taal, through being inquisitive, I have asked certain questions about the way of living of the locals. My guide told me that the only means of living they knew was having tourists visiting their place and that the common ways of living such as farming and fishing was not enough to supplement their daily needs. He then also added that tips or additional payments made by tourist allowed them to acquire extra luxury needs such as cellphones and clothing; and also that if there were no tourist, and then they would suffer for they have no other reliable means of income. In such citation, you could see how tourism became a reliable part of the communitys way of living to the extent that people became dependent on it for income. Tourism industry then increases the employment of a certain country likewise in the Philippines. It

offers more employment opportunities than other economic sectors and industries. According to Cruz (2005), generating employment is perhaps the greatest advantage of tourism on a developing economy. In the Philippines, it can be realized on the increased demands for tourism graduates for jobs like hoteliers and bartenders by countries like Singapore and Dubai. Tourism is rather then advantageous to developing nations for its faster rate in employment then developed ones and as a result employees are paid higher rates in developing countries than on its opposite. It also greatly influenced a countrys balance of payment. Most countries with good tourism but poor/ little industrial or agricultural export potential, take steps to maximize their tourist receipts through development of certain strategies in order to make their balance of payment account. On the social aspect, the impact of tourism is likewise being seen in a plenty of ways. One of it is its ability to create a new medium for social change and multi-cultural form of understanding. It thus means that tourism creates a channel for the host country to adapt to changes brought by tourists and develops it into a harmonious understanding between varieties of culture. The World Tourism Organization believes that it is an exchange or encounter between individual groups of people as well as between social groups hence it becomes an encounter between nations and an exchange of values would exist. Furthermore, the force of this interchange of values is significantly different between industrialized nations and developing ones. The more isolated the country visited, the more significant the social changes are likely to be (Cruz, 2005). Next, it encourages adaptation to the realities of modern life and works towards improvement of the host countrys environment and lifestyle preferences. To elaborate clearly, it means that a host country benefits through the improvement in the quality of life in places where tourism is being developed by bringing both urbanization and variety of population benefits. Another is it also brings changes in income patterns of a society hence bringing diverse attitudes, values and beliefs. Furthermore, it

results to an increase in social mobility resulting to new employment opportunities in tourism. To sum it all up, through the exposure to other attitudes and values, tourism promotes progress and modernization by improvement in the quality of life and lifestyles of the people in a host country. Another social impact of tourism is that it enables both the host and visitors to gain knowledge through the acquisition of a foreign language. To make it easier to socialize and exchange thoughts and ideas, people of different nationality makes it a need or a desire to acquire a foreign language and it is easily acquired through traveling to various places in the world. Also, the host then acquires the language spoken by the visitor to easily grab the thoughts of foreigners and to harmoniously react on such thoughts. An example of this idea can be observed in tourism courses offered by universities wherein subjects about various foreign languages are being included in their course syllabus. Tourism then has a big impact on culture wherein it is an essential tool in the acculturation process that then results to cultural convergence. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, acculturation is a cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture. Cultural Convergence is the tendency of world cultures to become more alike (Cruz, 2005). In the cultural aspect, it includes the advancement of intercultural communication because through the interaction of cultures, it may alter prejudices and promote better understanding without compromising the cultural identity of the host. It even pushes through to revitalize the local ethnic culture of a said place. Furthermore, it also preserves the native culture of the host in such a way that cultural dances, songs and other forms of art are being re-established in order to attract foreigners. An obvious example of this in the Philippines is the museums such as the National Museum of the Philippines which preserve assorted cultural artifacts and treasures and some photo exhibits regarding the different cultural celebrations in different regions in the country.

Tourism is currently promoted by the Philippines with the help of the Department of Tourism to attract more foreigners to either visit or invest in various tourist attractions. The Philippines as we all know has been blessed by a gift from nature through its wonderful sceneries from Aparri to Sulu that is from Luzon to Mindanao generally. It is then the activity of tourism to promote and boast to other nations our natural and some even untouched beauty of nature. The importance of tourism both in the local and national level, although quite hidden but helps a lot to boost a struggling economy of the Philippines. Tourism maybe a bit new to some Filipinos but for some places which has rich and a plenty of this dazzling natural beauty, it becomes their form of living which then results to dependency on such sector of the economy. All nations experience similar processes regarding tourism hence it has a variety of ways that it has to offer to clients and tourist that shows its great potential to become a mass economic booster in the future years to come. No one knows what tourism will be in the near future, although it has its drawbacks and loopholes still it is one gracious sector that not only helps one countrys economy but also improves the social, economical and cultural aspects of its people. The impact of tourism on a country is vague furthermore endless as long as act out on it and apply creativity on this aspect of a society.

TOURISM: AN IMPACT ON YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

A Report

Submitted to: Prof. Irma R. Tan Submitted by: Harold S. Mape Comm. 2 C1

January 10, 2010

List of References: Bhatia, A.K.. 1991. International Tourism: Fundamentals and Practices. New Delhi: Sterling.

Cruz, Zenaida. 1982. Tourism: An Introduction. Quezon: Rex.

__________. 1991, 1999. Principles of TOURISM: Part 1. Quezon: Rex.

__________. 2005. Principles of TOURISM: Part II. Quezon: Rex.

Political Science 14 Topic: Determining Good Governance Questions: Participation

Research Guide

1. Mayda ba partisipasyon it mga tawo dinhi ha iyo brgy. mahitungod hit panhimo

hit mga balaudnon? a. Kun diri, kay ano? b. Kun oo, matiunan-o nga partisipasyon? 2. Napartisipar ba it mga tawo dinhi ha iyo barangay hit mga barangay assembly ngan iba nga patawag hit barangay? a. Kun diri, kay ano? b. Kun oo, ano kadamo it mga napartisipar? 3. Mayda ba mga organisasyon dinhi ha iyo barangay/munisipyo? a. Ano nga mga klase in nga mga organisasyon? (political, social, economic, religious, etc) 4. Mayda ba kalayaan it mga tawo hit pagpagawas hit ira mga opinion mahitungod hit mga diri-dilain nga mga butang? a. Kun waray, kay ano? Rule of law 1. Patas ba it mga balaudnon dinhi ha iyo barangay/munisipyo para hit ngatanan nga mga tawo? a. Kun diri, kay ano? 2. Naproprotektahan ba it iyo mga katungod-pantawo? a. Kun diri, kay ano? 3. Patas ba it pagtagad hit mga pulis/tanod hit mga tawo dinhi ha barangay/munisipyo? a. Kun diri, kay ano? Equity and Inclusiveness 1. Mayda ba opurtinidad it ngatanan nga mga tawo dinhi ha iyo barangay/munisipyo hit pakakuha hit mga serbisyo ngan iba pa tikang ha barangay/munisipyo? a. Kun diri, kay ano?

b. Kun oo, mga ano-ano ini? Consensus oriented 1. Nagsasarabut ba it mga tawo kun mga ano nga proyekto it hihimuon dinhi hit iyo barangay/munisipyo? a. Kun diri, kay ano? 2. It mga proyekto nga nahimo na ngan hihimuon pala, para ba ini hin interes hit ngatanan? a. Kun diri, kay ano? Responsiveness 1. Nahihahatag ba layon hit barangay/munisipyo an mga panginahanglan hit mga tawo? a. Kun diri, kay ano? b. Kun oo, ano it klase hin nga mga panginahanglan? Transparency 1. Ginsusunod ba hit mga tawo labi na gud hit mga opisyal it mga baluodnon dinhi ha iyo barangay/munsipyo? 2. Mayda ba isakto nga impormasyon nga ginhahatag hit barangay/munisipyo mahitungod hit mga diri-dilain nga butang? Paru nala hit mga impormasyon mahitungod hit mga proyekto dinhi ha iyo barangay/munisipyo? 3. Mayda ba free access it mga tawo hit mga dokumento ha barangay/munisipyo? a. Kun diri, kay ano? Ano it mga nakaka-ulang? Accountability 1. Para ha iyo, nagbabaton ba it mga opisyales hit iyo barangay ngadto hit mga tawo hit ira nagkabubuhat nga diri asya labi na gud ha parte hin panggobyernuhan? a. Kun diri, kay ano? Effectiveness and efficiency

1. Epektibo ba it paggamit hit mga karikuhan hit iyo barangay/munisipyo? a. Kun diri, kay ano? 2. It mga proyekto hit iyo barangay, nami-meet ba nira it panginahanglan hit mga tawo? a. Kun diri, kay ano? 3. Kun tatagan hin grado it iyo barangay/munisipyo tikang hin 1-10, 10 being the highest, gaano ka epektibo para ha iyo it iyo barangay/munisipyo? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Especial Questions: Para ha iyo, maupay ba it pang-gubyernuhan dinhi ha iyo barangay/munisipyo? a. Kun diri, kay ano? Kun igre-rate it pang-gubyernuhan dinhi ha iyo barangay ha scale nga 1-10 (10 being the highest), pera man it iyo ighahatag nga rate? a. Kay ano nga asya an iyo hatag nga rate? Ano it iyo masisiring mahitungod hit pang-gobyernuhan dinhi ha iyo barangay/munisipyo?