De Celis, Sharmaine Q.

BS Nursing The Four Thinkers Keypoints

wPLATO According to him, man is supreme over animals. Man is good and evil. Through education, man was tamed. ARISTOTLE One of the most important founding figures in the Western philosophy He is a famous figure in Ancient Greek Philosophy As father of the field of logic, he developed formalized system for reasoning. According to him, the validity of any argument can be determined by its structure rather than its content. Example of a valid argument is his syllogism: All men are mortal; Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is mortal. As long as the premises are true, the conclusion is guaranteed to be true. His most famous work was The Republic which contains his philosophies in life. It mainly speaks for Plato himself. His major work is The Politics Hi major work is The City of God ST. AUGUSTINE Is a Christian Neo-platonist Was the first to successfully merge Greek philosophical traditions and Judeo-Christian religious and scriptural traditions

Prof. Abaya Social Sciences 2

ST. AQUINAS An Aristotelianadopted Aristotles analysis of physical objects, view of place, time and motion, his proof of the prime mover and his cosmology One of the most important Medieval philosophers and theologians

His famous work was Summa Theologica i. GOD He has five proofs that God exists 1. There must be a prime mover himself unmoved 2. A first cause in the chain of causes 3. An absolutely necessary being 4. An absolutely perfect being 5. Natural designer First cause, himself uncaused

ii. ETHICS iii. CHRIST Christ not only offers salvation but also represents and protects humanity on Earth and in Heaven He believed that a society should be ruled by the Philosopher King. Ideal state is a city-state Justice is acquired when each person is in his right place Law-abidingness as the will to give everyone what belongs to him according to the law There is equality between men and women, but men should be the standard Observed similarity of inanimate environmental structures with resemblance to certain living things (geese from trees, lambs from melon) Though he is a student of Plato, he was famous for rejecting Platos theory of forms Aquinas referred to him simply as The Philosopher A well-ordered city aims for good life be good resulting from a mans political interaction According to him, man is born bad, but his aim to; man is a political animal A state should develop qualities of a man According to him, the ideal Emphasized on importance and centrality of will Believed that soul is superior to the body, it is the province of the soul to rule the body. For him, individual human being is a body-soul composite, but in keeping with his Neoplatonism, there is an asymmetry between soul and body. He sees eternal peace as the highest good. Justice, for him, is the foundation of the state. The ideal state for him is the City of God, where City of Man is necessary for its attainment According to him, true happiness of man is God Nature of state should be a just government that seeks common good. State should be governed by a hierarchy of laws. State should be natural and should have divine authority.

government is a monarchy Unlike his professor, he is against having the Philosopher King who rules the many He is for the poor. There should be moderate control of wealth which is also distributed to everybody equally. Democracy is rule of the poor and falsification of polity (constitutional government).

References: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy