Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Megat Mohd Izhar Sapeli

(B.Sc Physics (Hons), M.Sc Microelectronics)
Bilik Pensyarah 21
Level 7, FSK 1,5
UiTM Puncak Alam
megatizhar@puncakalam.uitm.edu.my
+60332584961
PHY094
FOUNDATION PHYSICS 1
VECTORS IN
PHYSICScont
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Units of Chapter 3
1. 7 Scalars and Vectors
1.8 Problem Solving in Physics
3.1 Scalars Versus Vectors
3.2 The Components of a Vector
3.3 Adding and Subtracting Vectors
3.4 Unit Vectors
*Scalar or dot product
*Vector or cross product
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Given a position vector r = 68m with direction = 35.
Resolve the vector into its components.

A
x
= 55.70
A
y
= 39.00
x y
Given A =25 and A =38. Find the magnitude and
direction of vector A. Sketch vector A.
A = 45.49
= 56.66
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Find and sketch the direction, , of below vectors.
(a) A
x
= 5 A
y
= 2
(b) A
x
= -5 A
y
= 2
(c) A
x
= -5 A
y
= -2
(d) A
x
= 5 A
y
= -2
(a) = 21.8
(b) = 158.2
(c) = 201.8
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3-3 Adding and Subtracting Vectors
Adding vectors graphically:
Place the tail of the second at the head of the first. The
sum points from the tail of the first to the head of the
last.
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A vector is defined
by its magnitude
and direction.
Therefore all of
these vectors are
the same, even
though they are at
different locations
on the graph.
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The sum of vectors is independent of the
order in which the vectors are added.
A + B = B + A

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5 ; 60 above the axis
4 ; 20 above the axis
?
Using ruler and protractor, 8.75 ; 45
A m x
B m x
C
C m
u
u
u
= =
= =
= =
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Adding Vectors Using Components:
1. Find the components of
each vector to be added.
2. Add the x- and y-
components separately.
3. Find the resultant
vector.
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x x x
y y y
C A B
C A B
= +
= +
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5 ; 60 above the axis
4 ; 20 above the axis
?
Using ruler and protractor, 8.75 ; 45
A m x
B m x
C
C m
u
u
u
= =
= =
= =
5 cos 60 2.5
5 sin60 4.33
x
y
A m m
A m m
= =
= =
4 cos 20 3.76
4 sin 20 1.37
x
y
B m m
B m m
= =
= =
2.5 3.76 6.26
4.33 1.37 5.70
x x x
y y y
C A B m m m
C A B m m m
= + = + =
= + = + =
2 2
1
8.47
tan 42.3
x y
y
x
C C C m
C
C
u

= + =
| |
= =
|
\ .
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Subtracting Vectors:
The negative of a vector is a vector of the same
magnitude pointing in the opposite direction.
Here,
D= A B

x x x
y y y
D A B
D A B
=
=
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Try this
Vector A has a magnitude of 5 and a
direction angle of 40above the x axis, and
that vector B has a magnitude of 4 and a
direction angle of 15above the x axis. Find
vector C such that
(a) C = A + B
(b) C = A - B
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3-4 Unit Vectors
Unit vectors are dimensionless vectors of unit
length.

x y
A A x A y = +

(5 ) (3 ) A m x m y = +
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1
1
2
2
1
2
1 2
Given:
0
22
23.5
40.7
Find:
?
?
Leave your answers in unit vector notation.
Find ?
x
y
x
y
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D D
=
=
=
=
=
=
= + =
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1
1
2
2
1
2
1 2
Given:
0
22
23.5
40.7
Find:
?
?
Leave your answers in unit vector notation.
Find ?
x
y
x
y
D
D
D
D
D
D
D D D
=
=
=
=
=
=
= + =
1 2
2 2

(0 23.5) (22 40.7)

= 23.5 18.7
23.5 ( 18.7) 30
D D D
i j
i j
D
= +
= + +

= + =
1
2

0 22

23.5 40.7
D i j
D i j
= +
=
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*Dot Product
cos A B AB u - =
1

0
0
1
x x
x y
y x
y y
- =
- =
- =
- =
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x y
x y
A A x A y
B B x B y
= +
= +

( ) ( )
=
=
x y x y
x x x y y x y y
x x y y
A B A x A y B x B y
A B x x A B x y A B y x A B y y
A B A B
- = + - +
- + - + - + -
+
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*Cross Product
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Summary of Chapter 3
Scalar: number, with appropriate units
Vector: quantity with magnitude and direction
Vector components: A
x
= A cos , B
y
= B sin
Magnitude: A = (A
x
2
+ A
y
2
)
1/2
Direction: = tan
-1
(A
y
/ A
x
)
Graphical vector addition: Place tail of second
at head of first; sum points from tail of first to
head of last
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Component method: add components of
individual vectors, then find magnitude and
direction
Unit vectors are dimensionless and of unit
length
Summary of Chapter 3