FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES FOR PETROLEUM REFINERIESAND OIL/GAS PROCESSING PLANTS 1.

0INTRODUCTION Even though petroleum refineries and oil/ gasprocessing installations are generally locatedi n r e m o t e a r e a s , e x p e r i e n c e s h o w s t h a t residential/industrial units come up in closeproximity with the passage of time. Hence,these installations which store, process and handle large quantity of flammable materials,pose threat to surroundings as well, in additionto their own safety. Such conditions, therefore,n e c e s s i t a t e t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f i n - b u i l t f i r e protection facilities.I t i s i m p r a c t i c a l a n d prohibitively costly to d e s i g n f i r e p r o t e c t i o n f a c i l i t i e s t o c o n t r o l catastrophic f i r e s . U s u a l r e q u i r e m e n t o f a n effective fire protection system is to prevent emergencies from developing into major threatto the installations and surroundings.T h e r e q u i r e m e n t o f f i r e f i g h t i n g f a c i l i t i e s , described in the follo wing chapters is based o n t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h a t t h e f i r e f i g h t i n g services from city fire brigade and/or from o t h e r n e i g h b o u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s w i l l n o t b e available. 2 . 0 S C O P E i ) T h i s s t a n d a r d c o v e r s t h e d e s i g n c r i t e r i a and details of the various fire protectionf a c i l i t i e s t o b e p r o v i d e d i n p e t r o l e u m refineries and oil/gas processing plants.i i ) T h i s s t a n d a r d a l s o c o v e r s t h e f a c i l i t i e s located within the refineries and oil/ gasprocessing plants which may include: L P G s t o r a g e , h a n d l i n g a n d bottling plants, Marketing & Pipeline Terminalswith their loading / un -loading/pumping and handling facilitiesi i i ) T h i s s t a n d a r d d o e s n o t c o v e r t h e f a c i l i t i e s located outside the premises of Refineries& g a s p r o c e s s i n g p l a n t s s u c h a s L P G mounded storage, handling & bottlingplants, LNG storage Petroleum Depots,Terminals, Lube Blending plants & Pipeline Installations located out side .However, this standard shall be applicablet o t h o s e o f a b o v e m e n t i o n e d f a c i l i t i e s l o c a t e d o u t s i d e t h e p r e m i s e s u n d e r t h e same management and in close proximityto the refineries & gas processing plants.For such cases, common firewater storageand pumping facilities may be considered . Otherwise, to protect the facilities locatedoutside the following OISD standards shallapply: LPG storage, handling & bottlingplants --- under OISD-STD-144& O I S D - G D N - 1 6 9 . M o u n d e d storage under OISD-STD-150. Petroleum Depots, Terminals, AFS, Lube Blending plants &Pipeline Installations --- under OISD-STD117. C e n t r a l T a n k F a r m ( C T F ) - - - OISD-STD 117. Group Gathering Station (GGS),Oil Collecting Stations (OCS) ---under OISD-STD-189. 3 . 0 D E F I N I T I O N S i) PETROLEUM REFINERY A p l a n t w h e r e c r u d e o i l i s r e c e i v e d a n d p r o c e s s e d t o p r o d u c e v a r i o u s intermediates and finished products. ii) OIL/GAS PROCESSING PLANT A p l a n t w h e r e o i l / n a t u r a l g a s i s collected and processed to produceO i l / L P G a n d o t h e r p e t r o l e u m f r a c t i o n s . D r i l l i n g a c t i v i t i e s a n d facilities upstream o f the Christmastree of a well are not covered under this definition. iii) LPG BOTTLING PLANT A plant where LPG is stored and filledinto cylinders. Receipt and despatchof LPG by rail, road and pipeline arealso considered under this definition. iv)PETROLEUM DEPOTS, TERMINALS AND OIL & GAS INSTALLATIONS T h e s e i n c l u d e l o c a t i o n s w h e r e Petroleum crude/Products /LPG arer e c e i v e d b y t a n k e r , p i p e l i n e s , t a n k wagons and tank trucks and stored or blended in bulk