9/20/2012

Chapter 2

Bernoullis Equation
dy + P( x )y = q( x )y n , dx n 0, n 1.

Bernoullis Equation

Chapter 2

Bernoullis Equation
Sometimes it is possible to convert non-linear equation into a linear equation by change of the dependent variable

Definition
An equation of the form
dy + P( x) y = Q ( x) y n dx
. (1)

is called a Bernoullis differential equation, where n is any real number. For n = 0 equation (1) becomes linear and for n = 1 equation (1) becomes separable & linear in y. Now for y 0 eq (1) can be writen as
y n dy + P ( x ) y 1 n = Q ( x ) dx , then = (1 n ) y 1 n 1 dy dx
.. (2) .... (3)

If we let, v = y 1 n dv dx

9/20/2012

dv dx

= (1 n ) y n
= y n

dy dx
dy dx

1 dv 1 n dx

(4)

With the help of eq (3) & (4). Equation (2) can be simplified to the linear eq

1n Solving (5) for v and using v = y leads to the solution of eq (1) ,

1 dv + P ( x )v = Q ( x ) 1 n dx dv + (1 n ) P ( x ) v = (1 n ) Q ( x ) dx ,

..(5)

Chapter 2

Method
Substitute v = y1n

Bernoullis Equation

dv dy = (1 n)yn . dx dx
Chapter 2 First order Linear Differential Equation
4

Bernoullis Equation

9/20/2012

dy + P(x )y = q(x )y n , n 0, n 1 dx Dividing both sides of the DE by yn , we obtained y n

Substitute

Chapter 2

Bernoullis Equation

dy + P(x )y 1 n = q(x ) dx

v = y1n

We obtained dv

dv dy = (1 n)yn . dx dx

+ (1 n)P(x)v = (1 n)q(x), dx a first order linear Differential Equation Chapter 2 5

Example.1.
Chapter 2
Solve the Bernoullis equation

dy + y = xy 3. dx

(1/2)

Solution:
n=3

Comparing the given DE with Standard form of the Bernoullis equation

v = y 1 3 = y 2 dv dy dy = (1 3)y 3 = 2 y 3 . dx dx dx

Bernoullis Equation

Divinding given DE with y 3

y 3 dy + y 2 = x dx 1 dv +v = x 2 dx dw 2v = 2x is First order linear DE dx

Chapter 2

9/20/2012

Chapter 2

Integrating Factor (x) = e

e-2x dv e-2x 2v = 2 xe-2x dx d e-2xv = 2xe-2x dx

(2)dx

= e2x

(2/2)

Bernoullis Equation

1 1 e-2xv = 2 xe-2x e-2x + c 4 2 1 e-2xv = xe-2x + e-2x + c 2 1 v = x + + ce2x 2 1 y 2 = x + + ce2x is general solution 2
Chapter 2
7

e-2xv = 2 xe-2xdx

Example # 2: Solve: dy xy + = xy dx 1 x2 Solution: From (1), we identify

1 2

(6)

Q( x) = x
Thus, let

P (x) =

x 1 x2
1 2

n =

1 2

1 2

= y

1 y 2

1 2

dy dx

dv dx

9/20/2012

Or

1 2

dy dx
x 1 x

= 2

dv dx

Now eq (6) takes the form

2 dv dx +
2

v = x

dv x x + v= dx 2 (1 x 2 ) 2

.(7)

Now eq (7) is linear in v I.F. =

x exp dx 2 2 (1 x )

1 1 exp ln( 1 x 2 ) = (1 x 2 ) 4 4

.(8)

Multiplying (8) with (7) we get

(1 x 2 )
1 4

dv + dx

x 2 (1 x )
2 5 4

v =

x 2 (1 x 2 ) 4
1

1 1 d 1 2 2 (1 x ) 4 v = 2 x (1 x ) 4 dx 4

(9)

Integrating eq (9) we get

2 (1 x )
1 4

3 2 4 (1 x ) 1 +C v = 3 4 4
1 4

Or

v = C (1 x

(1 x 3
1 4

3 4

y = C (1 x ) Or is the required solution of eq (6) Example # 3:

1 2

(1 x 3

3 4

.. (10)

Solve : Solution:

dy y y dx 2 ln x

= 0

(1)

dy y dx 2 x ln x
y
2

1 2 y x
= 1 x

Or

dy y 1 2 dx 2 x ln x

..(2)

9/20/2012

Let
1 y
2

v = y
dy dx dy dx =

.(3)

Or

dv dx dv = dx

.(4)

By using (3) & (4), eq (2) can be rewritten as

dv v 1 = dx 2 x ln x x

.(5)

Equation 5 is linear eq in v, I.F. =

1 exp 2

ln ln x dx = e 2 = e ln(ln x ln x 1

x)2

ln x

Multiplying integrating factor with eq (5) we get.

ln x dv + dx ln x v = 2 x ln x ln x x
ln x x

Or Integrating eq (6) we get

d ( v ln x ) = dx

.(6)

v ln x =

ln x

1 dx + C x

v ln x = v =

2 (ln x ) 2 + C 3
1

From (3) Or

2 (ln x ) + C (ln x ) 2 3 1

2 y 1 = (ln x ) + C (ln x) 2 3

1 2 = (ln x ) + C (ln x ) 2 3

This is the required solution of equation (1)

9/20/2012

HOME WORK EXERCISES A first course in Differential Equations By D. Zill [7th Edition]

Exercise # 2.5 5,6,8,10,12,13,14,16,17,22,25,27,29

Chapter 2

13