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air
air
System for coal burning: a) Moving grate, b) Fixed bed, c) Fluidized bed d) Pulverized coal flame
secondary air
d)
pulverized coal
Zapon
Zapon
Ash Popi
combustion
Heating Nagrzewanie
Combustion Spalanie
Temperatura spalin d d0
Stage Stage of Faza Faza of heat. spalania Faza spalania koksu zaponu Stage of char combustion v.m. & czci COMBUSTION AND FUELS comb. ignit. lotnych
9.0 10.6 12.9 2.5 0.6 0.2 3.0 59.9 COMBUSTION AND FUELS
po
Ciepo heat O2
Ro
ion tat
Bubbles
Coal Koks
Volatile matter
RAW COAL
primary gases
secondary gases
char
char
Temperature C
intensity of v. m. evaluation
CHAR STRUCTURE
Pores
CHAR COMBUSTION
a) chemical: chemical kinetic of oxidation reaction (temperature, O2 concentration) b) physical: transport of oxygen to the surface of char particle
COMBUSTION AND FUELS
Carbon dioxide Model of reaction: C + O2 = CO2 Rate of reaction: Wc = Ys k, g/(m2s) COMBUSTION AND FUELS
C + O2 CO2
2. Char particle is considered spherical and smooth. C + O2 CO2
Stoichiometry coefficient: ( = 0.375 when burning is to CO2), Mass transfer coefficient: D = (D/d)Sh of (Sh = CRenPrk Units: Wc [kg/(m2s)] COMBUSTION AND FUELS
r a)
Low temperature reaction control
r b)
Transition
Ys = 0 c)
Reaction rate
Obszar kinetyczny 1/ T c
k=ko exp(-E/(RT)
Pore diffusion
Reaction control
450C
Convection and temperature influence on the chemical reactions participation COMBUSTION AND FUELS in the rate of burning.
Wall deposits
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF MINERAL MATTER CONVERSION DURING COAL COMBUSTION During coal combustion mineral matter undergoes conversion:
- physical: melting, evaporation, sublimation and condensation, - chemical: dehydratation, carbonates decomposition and oxidation of sulfides.
small particles
coalescence
swelling
cenospheres
char disintegration
SLAGING PROCESS
Slaging a process of covering of walls (tubes) of furnace by deposit being a result of conversion of mineral matter of coal during combustion. Types of deposits:
- loose, - bound (sintered, melted).
TYPES OF DEPOSITS
loose
bound
melted
High content of mineral matter in coal decreases UBC UBC UNITS: % Accepted level of UBC: 5%
Volatile matter content, % Vertical furnace, jet burners Wall front furnace, swirl burners
SWIRL BURNERS
external recirculation
rosette secondary air
b )
oil lance
external recirculation
internal recirculation
swirler vanes
Swirl number: Outlet velocity of pulverized coal/air mixture: Secondary air velocity:
vanes
al
e pulveriz
d coal
ut mazo
ed coal pulveriz
air
nozzle for ceramics cooling air nozzle for upper air nozzle for pulverised coal with core air
nozzle for middle air nozzle for pulverised coal with core air
HOW PULVERIZED COAL IS TRANSPORTED FROM THE MILL TO BURNERS? Media transporting pulverized coal: Bituminous coal: Lignite: hot air, flue gas.
Corner furnace
FLUIDIZED COMBUSTION
CO2
HO 2
O2
SO2 CO2 HO 2 Cn Hm
O2
CO
CO2 CO
CaO
CO2 CO2
CO
tertiary air igniter secondary air oil burner pulverised coal / air mixture
tertiary air
Cyclone combustion chambers with tangent (a) and secant (b) injection of pulverised coal / air mixture
postcombustion zone
air pulverised coal air Primary air reburning zone secondary air coal
cyclone burner