In context of democratic society,

CRITICAL PARTICIPATION

Endang Lestari Bag. Pendidikan Kedokteran FK Unissula

Critical thinking is a crucial aspect in the competence citizens need to participate in a plural and democratic society and that enable them to make their own contribution to that society (Geert ten Dam and Volman, 2004)

KASUS
Telah terjadi demonstrasi di depan rumah sakit daerah X. Ratusan massa memprotes pelaksanaan asuransi untuk rakyat miskin (ASKESKIN) atau jamkesmas. Rakyat merasa bahwa tidak semua masyarakat miskin memperoleh penangan kesehatan dengan menggunakan jamkesmas tersebut. Menanggapi isu dan kondisi tersebut, mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran juga ikut turun ke jalan, memprotes sikap menkes yang tidak memberikan respon atas tuntutan rakyat. Mahasiswa menuntut menteri meletakkan jabatan karena dinilai tidak mampu menangani kesehatan masyarakat miskin.

Consider these questions

1. What do a critical thinker do when he/she finds this happening ? 2. What characters of citizens that a nation need? 3. As a good citizen, what are you going to do facing that problem?

Consider this happening

As a head of a Public Health Service in a small town, Dokter Andi indicated many heath problem in the town. He found that diarrhea and DHF cases were increasing. He thought that he had to do many things to prevent the cases. Sanitation of the environment, providing clean consumable water, and any other program to prevent the disease. As a good citizen, what do you have to do to help him.

An Ideal critical thinker

Inquisitiveness with regard to wide range of issues Concern to become and remain well informed Alertness to opportunities to use critical thinking Trust in the processes of reasoned inquiry Self confidence in ones own abilities to reason Open mindedness regarding divergent world views

Flexibility in considering alternatives and opinions Understanding of the opinions of other people Fair mindedness in appraising reasoning Honesty in facing ones own biases, prejudices, stereotypes, or egocentric tendency Prudence in suspending, making or altering judgments Willingness to reconsider and revise views where honest reaction suggest that change is warranted.

Character of critical citizen

Solve communities problem Use reflective thinking: based on evidence, and go through critical thinking activities: 1. Interpretation is to comprehend and to express the meaning or significance of a wide variety of experiences, situations, data, events, judgments, conventions, beliefs, rule procedures or criteria.

 Analysis is to identify the intended and actual inferential relationship among statements, questions, concepts, descriptions or other forms of representation intended to express belief, judgment, experiences, reasons, information, or opinion2. Evaluation has meaning to assess the credibility of statements or other representation which are accounts or descriptions of a persons belief, or opinion; and to assess the logical strength of the actual or intended inferential relationship among statements, descriptions, questions or other forms of representation2.

Inference means to identify and secure elements needed to draw reasonable conclusions, to form conjectures and hypothesis, to consider relevant information and to educe the consequences flowing from data, statements, principles, evidence, beliefs, opinions, concepts, descriptions, etc. Explanation is the ability to states the results of ones reasoning to justify that the evidential, conceptual, methodological, criteriological, and contextual considerations upon which ones result were based; and to present ones reasoning in the form of cogent arguments.

Community problem
As a good critical thinker what are you going to do when you are facing your communities problem?
Keluarga Soenarta (45 tahun) mempunyai tiga anak, yang berdomisili di Kabupaten Sukabumi, di Desa Genteng, tempat tinggal mereka dekat sekali dengan sumber air (sungai) dan sungai tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh penduduk sebagai MCK. Pada bulan Januari 2005 dua putra dari Pak Soenarta tahu-tahu sakit tidak bisa jalan, Ternyata tetangga Pak Soenarta, anaknya juga terkena penyakit yang sama. Kemudian dari petugas Kesehatan mengatakan bahwa Desa Genteng terjadi wabah polio, yang disebabkan oleh suatu agent.