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Documente Cultură
EJERCICIO 4
1. Obtenga la aportacin til esperable en funcin del caudal de derivacin, para caudales que
estn entre el caudal permanente y 60 m3/s.
En primer lugar, se ha obtenido una tabla en funcin del caudal de derivacin de acuerdo a la
grfica dada en el ejercicio de superacin de los caudales.
q
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
50
365
365
360
256
171
127
104
79
57
40
30
20
75
365
365
330
202
136
110
82
58
34
18
10
0
90
365
360
300
168
118
91
63
41
21
10
0
0
95
365
360
300
155
102
75
48
28
12
0
0
0
292 155
= 15.276
300 155
q
5
10
15
20
25
Das funcionamiento
10
25
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
292
275
203
50
292
292
292
256
171
75
292
292
292
202
136
90
292
292
292
168
118
95
292
292
292
155
102
1
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216
169
143
121
107
96
70
168
137
119
96
79
70
56
127
104
79
57
40
30
20
110
82
58
34
18
10
0
91
63
41
21
10
0
0
75
48
28
12
0
0
0
, (%)
+(
(%)
1
+ (
2
(%)
(%)
A su vez, se ha calculado el caudal til esperable total como el rea encerrada por las curvas de las
aportaciones en funcin de la probabilidad de superacin (calculadas para caudales distintos). A
modo de ejemplo se detallan las curvas correspondientes a los caudales 20 y 60 m3/s.
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q
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Au derivable
10
126.144
252.288
378.432
504.576
627.048
733.104
816.264
883.656
940.68
989.928
1033.776
1069.632
25
126.144
252.288
378.432
504.576
611.496
691.632
757.512
812.808
859.248
897.048
929.232
956.448
50
126.144
252.288
378.432
496.8
589.032
653.4
703.296
742.824
772.2
793.152
808.272
819.072
75
126.144
252.288
378.432
485.136
558.144
611.28
652.752
682.992
702.864
714.096
720.144
722.304
90
126.144
252.288
378.432
477.792
539.568
584.712
617.976
640.44
653.832
660.528
662.688
662.688
95
126.144
252.288
378.432
474.984
530.496
568.728
595.296
611.712
620.352
622.944
622.944
622.944
At
derivable
(hm3)
126.144
252.288
378.432
470.097
558.1386
624.915
677.403
718.8426
750.9834
775.3806
794.6964
809.5464
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En primer lugar se calcularn de forma anual y luego se extrapolarn a sus respectivos desarrollos
temporales.
Los costes de construccin aparecen en funcin de los caudales de equipo en un grfico dado,
cuyos valores se recogen en forma de tabla. Se han calculado, adems, los valores totales como
suma de todos, y los de renovacin, como suma de los materiales renovables: maquinaria y
tuberas.
q
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
costes=Cc
16.9333333
20.9166667
25.5
31.3333333
38.3333334
45.5
52.3333333
61.6666667
72
83.3333333
95.6666667
110.5
renovacin
3.43333333
6.91666667
10.5
14.3333333
18.6666667
23
27.3333333
31.6666667
36
40.8333333
45.6666667
50.5
Iconst + Ifin, dos crditos de financiacin de los costes de construccin repartidos en 2 aos a
devolver en 20, con tasa de descuento del 5 %.
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.
(
.
)
.
.
.
(
.
)
.
.
Irenov, inversin de renovacin a los 20 aos de los materiales renovables, con la misma tasa
de descuento.
1
=
(1 + 0.05)
q
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
costes
16.9333333
20.9166667
25.5
31.3333333
38.3333334
45.5
52.3333333
61.6666667
72
83.3333333
95.6666667
110.5
renovacin
3.43333333
6.91666667
10.5
14.3333333
18.6666667
23
27.3333333
31.6666667
36
40.8333333
45.6666667
50.5
Inversiones
cconst
16.9333333
20.9166667
25.5
31.3333333
38.3333334
45.5
52.3333333
61.6666667
72
83.3333333
95.6666667
110.5
Iren
1.17368456
2.36446161
3.58942365
4.89984815
6.38119759
7.86254703
9.34389648
10.8252459
12.3065954
13.9588697
15.6111441
17.2634185
Ic + Ifinanc
19.3882873
23.9491147
29.1969287
35.8759646
43.8908078
52.0964806
59.9204941
70.6069517
82.4383868
95.4147996
109.53619
126.520024
Iimp
4.84707182
5.98727867
7.29923217
8.96899116
10.972702
13.0241201
14.9801235
17.6517379
20.6095967
23.8536999
27.3840475
31.6300061
Para los 3 casos tambin se extrapolarn a sus desarrollos temporales, como en el caso de las
inversiones.
Para calcular los beneficios netos por venta de energa habr que calcular la energa por salto neto
eficaz.
= 9.81
,
3600
=
= 0.864
La venta de energa se subdivide a su vez en venta de energa permanente y complementaria, sea
la aportacin permanente (la correspondiente al caudal permanente) o complementaria (el resto
5
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I
25.4090436
32.300855
40.0855845
49.7448039
61.2447074
72.9831477
84.2445141
99.0839355
115.354579
133.227369
152.531381
175.413449
Au
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
126.144
252.288
378.432
470.097
558.1386
624.915
677.403
718.8426
750.9834
775.3806
794.6964
809.5464
Ap
Ac
126.144
252.288
378.432
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
0
0
0
84.705331
172.746931
239.523331
292.011331
333.450931
365.591731
389.988931
409.304731
424.154731
hneto ef
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
hn nom
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
Ep
Ec
79.1487501
158.2975
237.44625
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
0
0
0
53.1481567
108.389647
150.288339
183.221809
209.222986
229.389654
244.697619
256.817271
266.134868
A los beneficios permanentes les corresponde una ganancia de 0.0661 /kWh, y a los
complementarios, una de 0.0421 /kWh. Por tanto, se est en disposicin de calcular el beneficio
neto anual por venta de energa, y por ende, el de subvenciones.
q
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Beneficios
bEp
bEc
bE
bsub
3.33216238
6.66432475
9.99648713
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
0
0
0
2.2375374
4.56320415
6.32713908
7.71363815
8.80828773
9.65730444
10.3017698
10.8120071
11.2042779
3.33216238
6.66432475
9.99648713
12.417868
14.7435347
16.5074697
17.8939687
18.9886183
19.837635
20.4821003
20.9923377
21.3846085
1.66608119
3.33216238
4.99824357
6.20893398
7.37176736
8.25373483
8.94698436
9.49430915
9.91881751
10.2410502
10.4961688
10.6923043
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Au
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Ap
126.144
252.288
378.432
470.097
558.1386
624.915
677.403
718.8426
750.9834
775.3806
794.6964
809.5464
126.144
252.288
378.432
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
385.391669
descuento
hneto ef
Ac
0
0
0
84.705331
172.746931
239.523331
292.011331
333.450931
365.591731
389.988931
409.304731
424.154731
0.05
hn nom
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
266.5
Ep
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
263.8
Beneficios
bEp
Ec
79.1487501
158.2975
237.44625
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
241.813078
0
0
0
53.1481567
108.389647
150.288339
183.221809
209.222986
229.389654
244.697619
256.817271
266.134868
3.33216238
6.66432475
9.99648713
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
bEc
bE
0
0
0
2.2375374
4.56320415
6.32713908
7.71363815
8.80828773
9.65730444
10.3017698
10.8120071
11.2042779
bsub
3.33216238
6.66432475
9.99648713
12.417868
14.7435347
16.5074697
17.8939687
18.9886183
19.837635
20.4821003
20.9923377
21.3846085
1.66608119
3.33216238
4.99824357
6.20893398
7.37176736
8.25373483
8.94698436
9.49430915
9.91881751
10.2410502
10.4961688
10.6923043
Se procede, por ltimo, a calcular los beneficios totales a lo largo de toda la vida til.
BE, durante 40 aos a partir del segundo ao, con tasa de descuento del 5%.
(1 + 0.05) 1
1
=
+ 0.2
(1 + 0.05)
(1 + 0.05)
q
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Beneficios
bEp
bEc
bE
bsub
BE
Bsub
Bvr
3.33216238
6.66432475
9.99648713
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
10.1803306
0
0
0
2.2375374
4.56320415
6.32713908
7.71363815
8.80828773
9.65730444
10.3017698
10.8120071
11.2042779
3.33216238
6.66432475
9.99648713
12.417868
14.7435347
16.5074697
17.8939687
18.9886183
19.837635
20.4821003
20.9923377
21.3846085
1.66608119
3.33216238
4.99824357
6.20893398
7.37176736
8.25373483
8.94698436
9.49430915
9.91881751
10.2410502
10.4961688
10.6923043
51.8610993
103.722199
155.583298
193.269178
229.465384
256.918909
278.498099
295.535003
308.748927
318.779255
326.720485
332.825709
11.6689681
23.3379362
35.0069042
43.4863877
51.630688
57.8078481
62.6632577
66.4966336
69.4698228
71.7266891
73.5134999
74.8872011
0.32320678
0.65112046
0.98844793
1.34930988
1.75724077
2.16517166
2.57310256
2.98103345
3.38896434
3.84396419
4.29896403
4.75396387
63.8532742
127.711255
191.57865
238.104876
282.853312
316.891929
343.73446
365.01267
381.607714
394.349908
404.532949
412.466874
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De este modo, las frmulas que nos permitirn calcular los gastos anuales son:
= 0.3
q
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Gastos
gf
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
gv
0.73307572
1.46615145
2.19922717
2.73193095
3.24357764
3.63164332
3.93667312
4.17749603
4.3642797
4.50606207
4.61831429
4.70461387
gimp
0.53515817
1.26319558
1.98453611
2.47869508
2.93665182
3.26137429
3.50135483
3.64620717
3.72284725
3.73960621
3.71422166
3.63439753
g
1.44823389
2.90934703
4.36376327
5.39062603
6.36022946
7.07301761
7.61802795
8.00370319
8.26712696
8.42566828
8.51253595
8.5190114
Cada ao se sucedern los gastos anuales hasta el fin de la vida til de la construccin, empezando
2 aos despus del inicio de la financiacin.
=
(1 + 0.05) 1
1
Gastos
gf
gv
gimp
G
8
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0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.73307572
1.46615145
2.19922717
2.73193095
3.24357764
3.63164332
3.93667312
4.17749603
4.3642797
4.50606207
4.61831429
4.70461387
0.53515817
1.26319558
1.98453611
2.47869508
2.93665182
3.26137429
3.50135483
3.64620717
3.72284725
3.73960621
3.71422166
3.63439753
1.44823389
2.90934703
4.36376327
5.39062603
6.36022946
7.07301761
7.61802795
8.00370319
8.26712696
8.42566828
8.51253595
8.5190114
22.5400185
45.2804869
67.9167264
83.89861
98.9893211
110.083011
118.565442
124.568013
128.667887
131.135392
132.487383
132.588165
63.8532742
127.711255
191.57865
238.104876
282.853312
316.891929
343.73446
365.01267
381.607714
394.349908
404.532949
412.466874
22.5400185
45.2804869
67.9167264
83.89861
98.9893211
110.083011
118.565442
124.568013
128.667887
131.135392
132.487383
132.588165
25.4090436
32.300855
40.0855845
49.7448039
61.2447074
72.9831477
84.2445141
99.0839355
115.354579
133.227369
152.531381
175.413449
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Con los datos obtenidos anteriormente, podemos obtener la curva del valor actual neto, teniendo
en cuenta que:
=
q
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
( + )
VAN
63.8532742
127.711255
191.57865
238.104876
282.853312
316.891929
343.73446
365.01267
381.607714
394.349908
404.532949
412.466874
22.5400185
45.2804869
67.9167264
83.89861
98.9893211
110.083011
118.565442
124.568013
128.667887
131.135392
132.487383
132.588165
25.4090436
32.300855
40.0855845
49.7448039
61.2447074
72.9831477
84.2445141
99.0839355
115.354579
133.227369
152.531381
175.413449
15.904212
50.1299133
83.5763392
104.461462
122.619284
133.82577
140.924504
141.360722
137.585249
129.987147
119.514185
104.46526
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
De este modo, se obtiene que el caudal que ofrece un mayor valor actual neto es
= 40
10
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