CAD & CAM LABORATORY MANUAL

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CAD & CAM LABORATORY MANUAL

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Evaluation Procedure

Total marks: 75 Internal marks: 25 Day-to-Day work : 15 Internal Laboratory test: 10 a) Aim/Procedure/Theory : 04 b) Experiment/Programme: 04 c) Result: 02 End examination marks: 50 Aim & Observations: 10 Theory & Description : 15 Results : 15 Viva-Voce :10

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The CAD/CAM laboratory equipped with AutoCAD 2010 software and MTAB make CNC Trainer lathe & CNC mill. The CAD/CAM lab enhance the student confidence to develop 2D and 3D models, assemblies, part lists, and dimensional drawings of various components, structures or objects with the help of a computer is called Computer-Aided Design (CAD). The data generated by a CAD system can be utilized by a CAM system. Thus CAD and CAM are interrelated to each other. Before we design and manufacture any component, the object must be presented in the form of drawings along with different views and dimensions. Further, the bill of materials etc. must also be supplied. With the advent of computers and relevant software packages, the drafting drifted from manual to computer aided drafting. The following exercises introduce the graphics package and description, procedure and application of various commands in Auto CAD. The preparation of part programming and Machining of different components on both CNC lathe & CNC mill will improve the confidence of preparing part programs for different features and machining on CNC machines to verify the prepared programs Wright or wrong.

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CAD/CAM Laboratory List of Exercises

1. Development of orthographic part drawings for various components using AutoCAD Software. 2. Development of Isometric drawings for various components using AutoCAD Software 3. Representation of Dimensions and tolerances of various part drawings using AutoCAD software 4. Generation of various 3D models using CATIA Software 5. Assembly of 3D models using CATIA Software 6. Determination of deflection and stresses in 2D trusses and beams. 7. Determination of deflection and stresses in 3D trusses and beams. 8. Determination of stresses in shell structures 9. Study state heat transfer analysis of plane components 10. Study state heat transfer analysis of axi-symmetric components 11. Development of process sheets for various components 12. Study of various post processors used in NC machines 13. Development of NC code for machining various axis metric components on NC lathe 14. Development of NC code for various plane components on NC mill 15. Machining of Simple components on NC lathe 16. Machining of simple components on NC mill

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1.INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD
Aim: Setting the paper size, space; setting the limits, units; use of snap and grid commands Requirements: Auto CAD software, PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM Description: AUTOCAD is general-purpose computer aided Drafting software, which you can use to prepare a wide variety of two dimensional drawings and three-dimensional models. It is a powerful drawing tool that can be highly customized to suit your specific application. Use of Auto CAD increases speed and accuracy significantly over traditional methods AUTOCAD stores the drawing you create in data files, which you can retrieve at any time for viewing editing or plotting. When you use AUTOCAD you are creating much more than a drawing. An AUTOCAD drawing file is a database, which contains the precise locating sizes colors attributes of objects you draw you can retrieve and analysis this information to generate reports, bill of material cost effectiveness studies, numerical control data and much more. There are many third party application programmers available that you can use to create examine and process the information within an AUTOCAD drawing file. Objects in AUTOCAD are drawn at their actual sizes. You can create drawings that represent things that are very large or things that are very small you can examine that geometry and characteristics of these objects in a way that would be difficult or even impossible using conventional drawing tools. This is achieved largely by the use of an AUTOCAD. Starting AUTOCAD : When you turn on the computer, the operating system is automatically loaded. This will display the windows screen with various application icons you can double click on the AUTOCAD and get the AUTOCAD screen you can also get AUTOCAD from the task bar by selecting the start button at the bottom left corner of the screen to display the menu now select AUTOCAD to start AUTOCAD. Screen Layout: When you open AUTOCAD it provides you with an electronic drawing sheet, the size of which can be adjusted by the user. When you start AUTOCAD you get this drawing screen along with the menu systems of AUTOCAD on your desktop you will get the normal features of the windows screen like scroll bars, resizing buttons etc., G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Title Bar: This in the top most bars as the screen, which contains heading of the program. Menu Bar: Menu bar is present below the title bar, which contains pull down menus. Tool Bar: Some important tool bars are 1. Standard tool bar is present below the menu bar which contains different standard options like, Save, print etc.,

2. Draw tool bar is at the left side of the screen, which contains different AUTOCAD icons. It is can easy and convenient way to invoke a command. 3. Object property tool bar contains layer, line type etc 4. Command prompt is the area at the bottom of the screen where commands are entered and executed. 5. Status bar is at the bottom that shows the different status of the current time etc. 6. Graphics cursor is present inside the graphic area, which is used to draw and select objects or options. The cursor allows you to move inside your drawing area and draw objects or pick objects for editing purpose. Co-Ordinate System: 1. Absolute co-ordinate system the points are located with respect to the origin (0,0) for example a point with (x=4 and y=3) is measured 4 units horizontally and 3 units vertically from the origin

Absolute Co-ordinate system In AutoCAD the absolute Co-ordinates are specified by entering x and y Co-ordinates separated by a comma. 2. Relative Co-ordinate system the displacement along x and y-axes are measured with reference to the previous point rather than origin. In AutoCAD The relative Co-ordinate system is designated by the symbol @ and it should precede by any Following example will illustrate G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

the use of the relative Co-ordinate system to draw a rectangle which has lower left corner at point (1, 1) is 5 units and width is 4 units. Command: LINE Specify the first point: 1, 1 Specify the next point: @ 5, 0 Specify the next point: @ 0, 4 Specify the next point: @ -5, 0 Specify the next point: @ 0, -4 or C Polar Co-ordinate system In the polar co-ordinate systems a point can be located by defining both the distance of the point from the current point and the angle that the line between the two points makes with the the x axis Command: LINE Specify first point: 1, 1 Specify next point: @ 70<45 Specify next point:

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Before starting a drawing session set the drawing environment in AutoCAD for this purpose set the following commands. 1. UNITS: Set the units of the drawing like Architecture Decimal, Engineering, Fractional and scientific. For mechanical drawings set Decimal option and also set the precision of the units form 0.0 to 0.00000000 by default set it for 0.000 Set the angle units like decimal angles, Degrees/min/sec, radians, gradients, surveyors units for mechanical drawings set deg/min/sec and also set precision of angles as desired. Set sense of angle measurement as clockwise or anti clockwise. By default set angles for anti clockwise. 2. LIMITS: Set limits to the size of drawings sheet you want to use. Lower left corner may be (0, 0) Co-ordinates are always x, y no limits can be set for z direction set upper right corner as desired at X 2 , Y 2 . It is good practice to have Y 2 at approximately 0.75 X 2 like (12, 9) or (420, 297) set the limits ON 3. Color: Pick the color required from the standard colors provided at the top of the dialogue box. Click as the desired color. The color palette is useful only while shading or Rendering 4. GRID: Grid is useful when predominantly orthogonal drawings are to be made as in the case of architectural drawings are to be made as in the case of architectural drawings. Specify the required grid spacing if too small a value is selected AUTOCAD will give a prompt Grid too dense to display Grid can be switched ON or OFF as required. Alternatively use function key F7 as toggle switch to switch ON or OFF the grid. You can select to SNAP to the grid. If different values for x & y spacing of grid is required select ASPECT 5. COORDS: Select 0 to have coordinates displays only when points are picked. No dragging takes place select 1 for display of dragged co-ordinates. Display is always x, y, and z. Select 3 for display of polar Co-ordinates. Function key F10 is the toggle key for polar Co-ordinates ON/OFF 6. SNAP: Snap is the minimum distance by which the cursor will advance. This will make the movement of cursor easy and the displayed co-ordinates will be more meaningful. Snap can be switched ON/OFF at command prompt or with function key F9. Select aspect if different snaps are required in x and y directions. Direction of SNAP can be set by using ROTATE options By default set it for 90 deg. Set the style as STANDARD. ISOMETRIC can be set while making isometric drawings.

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7. LAYER: Concept of layer is that of a perfectly transparent glass plate, which can be removed when desired different drawing, entities can be drawn as different layers. Like main drawing done on layer1 text can be written as layer2 tolerances can be done on layer 3 any layer can switched ON or OFF as desired. If layers theoretically infinite number of layers can be created in AutoCAD. You can assign a name to the layer switch it ON or OFF freeze it if wanted assign color line type and line night to it etc. 8. LINETYPE: you can select in which line type to draw. Many options such as continuous center hidden dash dot etc are available select LOAD to see all the line type available and load them into the drawing you can select required line type and make it current. 9. LTSCALE: If any line type other than CONTINOUS is selected for example CENTER LESCALE is to be set for proper display. The line may be too widely spaced or too nearly spaced select the proper scale factor, try it adjust it and use it. 10. OSNAP: stands for objects snap when a new line is to drawn from the end of any existing sPage | 15line for example OSNAP is to be used. Without this the new line may not be exactly form the end of the existing line OSNAP can be set to any of the options given is the dialogue box or all of them you can clear all of them of them if needed End point center point intersection perpendicular etc. 11. ORTHO: Ortho is the command used to draw lines or set up co-ordinates exclusively is orthogonal mode that is only in horizontal & vertical directions if ORTHO is ON you will draw in orthogonal mode if ORTHO is switched off cursor is make free to draw at any angle F8 is the function key to toggle ortho command. 12. ZOOM: Zoom is a very useful command with wide usage for the purpose of setting the environment use w for window option. Specify the lower left & upper right corners as given in limits command the screen then sets to the limits prescribed.

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2. DIFFERENT DRAW COMMANDS IN AUTOCAD

Aim: Drawing various graphics primitives Requirements: Auto CAD software, PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM 1. LINE: Line Command is the most fundamental and important command. The 1st prompt in the line command is specify first point then 1stpoint can be specified either enter the coordinates or click by using mouse. The next prompt will be specify next point or (Close/Undo) Next point can be choose like the 1st point described as above. This procedure will continue until you terminate the command with ENTER. If you enter C the next point will be choose as the first point or if you enter U, you will go back one step, and you are still in LINE command. PROCEDURE: 1.From the Draw menu, choose line. 2.Specify the start point you use the pointing device or enter a coordinate on the command line. 3.Specify second point, third point, 4.Speciey the end point of any additional line segment. 5.Press ENTER to end or C to close a series of line segment 2. PLINE: Poly line is a line that can have different characteristics. The command to poly line is PLINE. This command is used to draw line and arc segments continuously. PROCEDER: 1.From the draw menu, choose poly line. 2.specify the start point of the poly line segment. 3.specify the endpoint of the poly line segment Switch to arc mode by entering A (arc) on the command line. Return to line mode by entering L (line). 4.specify additional poly line. Segment as needed. 5.Press ENTER to end or C to close the poly line G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI draw a

3. ARC: Arc is the part of the circle it can be drawing 11 distance ways the default way of drawing an arc is 3-point options. PROCEDURE: TO DRAW AN ARC BY SPECIFYING THREE POINTS: 1.From the draw menu, choose arc 3point. 2.Specify the start point. 3.Specify a point on the arc. 4.Specify the endpoint. TO DRAW AN ARC USING A START POINT, A CENTER POINT, AND AN END POINT: 1.From the draw menu, choose arc -Start, Center, End. 2.Specify a start point. 3.Specify the center point. 4.Specify the end point.

4. CIRCLE: In Auto CAD circle can be done by various methods. The default way of drawing a circle is to specify a center point for the circle and then either the length of the radius or diameter and perhaps that is either way to create a circle. PROCEDER: 1.From the draw menu, choose circle Center, Radius or Center, Diameter. 2.specify the center point. 3.specify the radius or diameter. 5. RECTANGLE: A rectangle can be draw using RECTANG Command invoking rectangle command you are prompted to specify the first-corner (i.e. it may be any of the fore corners). After entering the co-ordinates, you are prompted with other corner, which is diagonally opposite to the first corner. G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

PROCEDURE: 1.Command: RECTANG (enter) 2.Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width] 3.Specify other corner point: The two specified points determine the diagonal corner of a rectangle with sides parallel to the X and Y-axis of the current UCS. CHAMFER: It creates a chamfer distance at each corner of the rectangle to be draw. ELEVATION: This option allows you to draw a rectangle at a specified distance from the X Y plane along the Z-axis. (This command is used in 3D construction only) FILLET: Fillet option allows you to create a filleted rectangle by specified the fillet radius. THICKNESS: Thickness option draws a rectangle that is extruded in the Z direction by The specified value it is an option used in 3D. WIDTH: Width option allow you to control the line width of the rectangle by specifying The width. 6. ELLIPSE: Ellipse can be draw in various methods. But the default method of drawing an ellipse is to specify the end points of the first axis and the distance of the second axis. PROCEDURE: 1. 2. 3. 4. Click Draw menu Ellipse Axis, End. Specify the first endpoint of the first axis. Specify the second endpoint of the first axis. Drag the pointing device away from the midpoint, and click to specify a distance for half the length of the second axis.

7.HATCH: This used to fills enclosed boundary area defined by lines, arc, circle or poly line with either a predefined pattern, or a user-defined pattern, or a solid or simple non-associative hatch pattern palette can also be previewed from an image box or a hatch pattern palette dialog before being applied. PROCEDURE: To hatch selected objects 1. Click Draw menu Hatch. G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

2. In the Hatch and Gradient dialog box, click Add: Select objects. 3. Specify the object or objects you want to hatch. 4. The objects need not form a closed boundary. You can also specify any islands that should remain un hatched. Also, you can set the 8. POLYGON: Use polygon command to create closed polylines with between 3 and 1,024 equal-length sides. PROCEDURE: a) To draw a circumscribed polygon 1. Click Draw menu Polygon. 2. On the command line, enter the number of sides. 3. Specify the center of the polygon . 4. Enter C to specify a polygon circumscribed about a circle. b) To draw a polygon by specifying one edge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click Draw menu Polygon. On the command line, enter the number of sides. Enter e (Edge). Specify the start point for one polygon segment. Specify the endpoint of the polygon segment.

9. DO NUT OR DOUGHNUT: To draw solid circular shapes donut option is used. By giving inside and outside diameter you can draw concentric ring like shapes the ring being filled with color depending on the file mode. PROCEDURE: To create a donut 1. Click Draw menu Donut. 2. Specify the inside diameter. 3. Specify the outside diameter. 4. Specify the center of the donut Specify the center point for another donut, or press ENTER to complete the command. 10. REVISION CLOUD: To convert an object to a revision cloud PROCEDURE: 1. Click Draw menu Revision Cloud. 2. At the Command prompt, specify a new minimum and maximum arc length or press ENTER. The default minimum and maximum arc lengths are set to 0.5000 units. The maximum arc length can be no more than three times the minimum arc length. 3. Select the circle, ellipse, polyline, or spline that you want to convert to a revision cloud. To reverse the direction of the arcs, enter yes on the command line and press ENTER. 4. Press ENTER to change the selected object to a revision cloud.

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3. Development of Orthographic part drawings for various components.

Exercise-1 Aim: To create an orthographic part drawing for the given component Requirements: Auto CAD software, PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM Component Drawing:

PROCEDURE: Step1: To create first top view by using polyline command G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Type Limits in the command prompt then press enter button. Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000 >: Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 420,297 Choose POLYLINE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify start point: 50,25 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @100<0 Specify next point: @12<90 Specify next point : @18<180 Specify next point : @16<90 Specify next point : @18<0 Specify next point : @12<90 Specify next point : @100<180 Specify next point: @12<270 Specify next point: @18<0 Specify next point : @16<270 Specify next point : @18<180 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: c Type z Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: e Regenerating model.(Entire drawing will be displayed on the screen) Step 2: To create circles by using circle command Choose CIRCLE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 100,45 Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 15 Press enter button to repeat circle command once again. CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 100,45 Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <15.0000>: 25 Step 3: To remove lines beyond the circle by using trim command Choose TRIM from the modify toolbar. Follow the prompts Select cutting edges ...By means of mouse select large circle Select objects or <select all>: 1 found Select objects: Press enter button Select object to trim : By means of mouse select lines which you want to delete. Step 4: To draw X and Y axis at circle center G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Click mouse button on linetype control from the properties tool bar then choose center line. Choose LINE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify first point: 70,45 Specify next point or [Undo]: @60<0 Specify next point or [Undo]: press enter button Press enter button to repeat line command once again. LINE Specify first point: 100,16

Specify next point or [Undo]: @60<90 Specify next point or [Undo]: press enter button Step5: To create front view by using polyline command Choose POLYLINE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify start point: 50,125 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @100<0 Specify next point: @12<90 Specify next point : @35<180 Specify next point : @12<270 Specify next point : @30<180 Specify next point : @12<90 Specify next point : @10<180 Specify next point: @28<90 Specify next point: @50<0 Specify next point : @28<270 Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: press enter button Step 6: To draw dotted lines Click mouse button on linetype control from the properties tool bar then choose dotted line. Choose LINE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify first point: 68,125 Specify next point or [Undo]: @12<90 Specify next point or [Undo]: press enter button Press enter button to repeat line command once again. LINE Specify first point: 132,125 Specify next point or [Undo]: @12<90 Specify next point or [Undo]: press enter button Press enter button to repeat line command once again. LINE Specify first point: 115,165 Specify next point : @20<270 G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

 Specify next point : @30<180 Specify next point : @20<90 Specify next point or [Undo]: press enter button Step 7: To draw center line Click mouse button on linetype control from the properties tool bar then choose center line. Choose LINE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify first point: 100,170 Specify next point or [Undo]: @50<270 Specify next point or [Undo]: press enter button Step 8: To create Left side view by using Rectangle command Choose RECTANGLE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: 200,125 Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: @50,40 Press enter button to repeat rectangle command once again. Specify first corner point : 205,125 Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: @40,12

Choose LINE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify first point: 217,125 Specify next point or [Undo]: @12<90 Specify next point or [Undo]: press enter button Specify first point: 233,125 Specify next point or [Undo]: @12<90 Step 9: To draw dotted lines Click mouse button on linetype control from the properties tool bar then choose dotted line. Choose RECTANGLE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: 210,165 Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: @30,20 Step 10: To draw center line Click mouse button on linetype control from the properties tool bar then choose center line. Choose LINE from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify first point: 225,170 Specify next point or [Undo]: @50<270 G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

 Specify next point or [Undo]: press enter button Step 11: To write name of the views by using text command Choose MultiLine Text from the draw toolbar. Follow the prompts Specify first corner: 75,10 Specify opposite corner : @50,12 Text formatting window will be displayed. In that first select font type and text height then type TOP VIEW, then click OK button on the formatting window. Press enter button to repeat text command once again. Specify first corner: 75,110 Specify opposite corner : @50,12 Text formatting window will be displayed. In that first select font type and text height then type FRONT VIEW, then click OK button on the formatting window. Press enter button to repeat text command once again. Specify first corner: 200,110 Specify opposite corner : @50,12 Text formatting window will be displayed. In that first select font type and text height then type LEFT SIDE VIEW, then click OK button on the formatting window.

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5. CREATE 3D SOLIDS USING AUTOCAD

Aim: To create various 3D solids Requirements: Auto CAD software, PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM 1. To create a solid box 1. Click Draw menu Solids Box.

2. Specify the first corner of the base. 3. Specify the opposite corner of the base. 4. Specify the height. 2. To create a solid cone with a circular base 1. Click Draw menu Solids Cone.

2. Specify the base center point. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the base. 4. Specify the height. 3. To create a solid cone with an elliptical base 1. Click Draw menu 2. Enter e (Elliptical). 3. Specify an axis endpoint. 4. Specify a second axis endpoint. 5. Specify the length of the other axis. 6. Specify height, and then press ENTER. 4. To create a solid cylinder with a circular base 1. Click Draw menu Solids Cylinder. Solids Cone.

2. Specify the base center point. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the base. 4. Specify the height.

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5. To create a solid sphere 1. Click Draw menu Solids Sphere.

2. Specify the center of the sphere. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the sphere.

6. To create a solid torus 1. Click Draw menu Solids Torus.

2. Specify the center of the torus. 3. Specify the radius or diameter of the torus. 4. Specify the radius or diameter of the tube. 7. To create a solid wedge 1. Click Draw menu Solids Wedge.

2. Specify the first corner of the base. 3. Specify the opposite corner of the base. 4. Specify the height of the wedge. 8. To extrude an object along a Z-axis 1. Click Draw menu Solids Extrude.

2. Select the objects to extrude. 3. Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 45 4. Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>: 0 or 10

9. To extrude an object along a path 5. Click Draw menu 7. Enter p (Path). 8. Select the object to use as the path. After the extrusion, the original object may be deleted or retained. G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI Solids Extrude.

6. Select the objects to extrude.

10. To revolve an object about an axis 1. Click Draw menu Solids Revolve.

2. Select the objects to revolve. 3. Specify the start point and endpoint of the axis of revolution. Specify the points so that the object is on one side of the axis points you specify. The positive axis direction is from the start point to the endpoint. 4. Specify the angle of revolution.

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11. To combine solids 1. Click Modify menu Solids Editing Union.

2. Select the objects to combine.

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5. REPRESENTATION OF DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES OF VARIOUS PARTS

Aim: Representation of dimensions and tolerances of various parts Requirements: Auto CAD software, PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM Dimensioning: Every drawing, whether a scale drawing or a freehand drawing, besides showing the true shape of an object, must supply its exact length, breadth, height, sizes and positions of holes, grooves etc. and such other details relating to the manufacture of that object. Supply this information on a drawing is called dimensioning. You can create dimensions for a variety of object types in many orientations. The basic types of dimensioning are Linear Radial (radius and diameter) Angular Ordinate Arc Length 1. Linear dimensions: It can be horizontal, vertical, or aligned. With aligned dimensions, the dimension line is parallel to the line (imaginary or real) between the extension line origins. Baseline (or parallel) and continued (or chain) dimensions are series of consecutive dimensions that are based on a linear dimension.
Horizontal

Aligned

Vertical

Fig1. Linear Dimensions

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2. Radial Dimensions Radial dimensions measure the radii and diameters of arcs and circles with optional centerlines or a center mark. There are two types of radial dimensions: DIMRADIUS: measures the radius of an arc or circle, and displays the dimension text with the letter R in front of it. To create a radius dimension 1. Click Dimension menu Radius.

2. Select an arc, circle, or polyline arc segment. 3. Enter options as needed: To edit the dimension text content, enter t (Text) or m (multiline text). Editing within or overwriting the brackets (<>) changes or removes the dimension value. Adding text before or after the brackets appends text before or after the dimension value. To edit the dimension text angle, enter a (Angle). 4. Specify the leader line location

DIMDIAMETER measures the diameter of an arc or circle, and displays the dimension text with the diameter symbol in front of it. To create a diameter dimension 1. Click Dimension menu 3. Enter options as needed: G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI Diameter.

2. Select the arc or circle to dimension.

a. To edit the dimension text content, enter t (Text) or m (multiline text). Editing within or overwriting the brackets (<>) changes or removes the dimension value. Adding text before or after the brackets appends text before or after the dimension value. b. To change the dimension text angle, enter a (Angle). 4. Specify the leader line location.

Angular Dimensions: Angular dimensions measure the angle between two lines or three points. To measure the angle between two radii of a circle, you select the circle and specify the angle endpoints. With other objects, you select the objects and then specify the dimension location. You can also dimension an angle by specifying the angle vertex and endpoints. As you create the dimension, you can modify the text content and alignment before specifying the dimension line location. To create an angular dimension 1. Click Dimension menu Angular. 2. Use one of the following methods: To dimension a circle, select the circle at the first endpoint of the angle and then specify the second endpoint of the angle. To dimension any other object, select the first line, and then select the second line. 3. Enter options as needed:

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 To edit the dimension text content, enter t (Text) or m (multiline text). Editing within or overwriting the brackets (<>) changes or removes the calculated dimension value. Adding text before or after the brackets appends text before or after the dimension value. To edit the dimension text angle, enter a (Angle). 4. Specify the dimension line arc location.

Continued Dimensions: To create a continued linear dimension 1. Click Dimension menu Continue.

The program uses the origin of the second extension line of the existing dimension as the first extension line origin. 2. Use object snaps to specify additional extension line origins. 3. Press ENTER twice to end the command. Baseline dimensions: To create a baseline linear dimension 1. Click Dimension menu Baseline.

By default, the origin of the last linear dimension created is used as the first extension line for the new baseline dimension. You are prompted for the second dimension line. 2. Use an object snap to select the second extension line origin, or press ENTER to select any dimension as the base dimension.

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The program automatically places the second dimension line at the distance specified by the Baseline Spacing option in the Dimension Style Manager, Lines tab. 3. Use an object snap to specify the next extension line origin. 4. Continue to select extension line origins as required. 5. Press ENTER twice to end the command.

Linear dimensions can be horizontal, vertical, aligned, rotated, baseline, or continued (chained). Some examples are shown in the illustration.

TOLERANCES Geometric tolerances show acceptable deviations of form, profile, orientation, location, and runout of a feature. You add geometric tolerances in feature control frames. These frames

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contain all the tolerance information for a single dimension. Geometric tolerances can be created with or without leader lines, depending on whether you create them with TOLERANCE or LEADER: A feature control frame consists of two or more components. The first feature control frame contains a symbol that represents the geometric characteristic to which a tolerance is being applied, for example, location, profile, form, orientation, or runout. Form tolerances control straightness, flatness, circularity and cylindricity; profiles control line and surface. In the illustration, the characteristic is position. To create geometric tolerances 1. Click Dimension menu Tolerance.

2. In the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, click the first square under Sym and select a symbol to insert. 3. Under Tolerance 1, click the first black box to insert a diameter symbol. 4. In the Text box, enter the first tolerance value. 5. To add a material condition (optional), click the second black box and click a symbol in the Material Conditions dialog box to insert it. 6. In the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, add a second tolerance value (optional) in the same way as the first tolerance value. 7. Under Datum 1, Datum 2, Datum 3, enter the datum reference letter. 8. Click the black box to insert a material condition symbol for each datum reference. 9. In the Height box, enter a height. 10. Click the Projected Tolerance Zone box to insert the symbol. 11. In the Datum Identifier box, add a datum value. 12. Click OK. 13. In the drawing, specify a location for the feature control frame. G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

You can apply tolerances directly to a dimension by appending the tolerances to the dimension text. These dimension tolerances indicate the largest and smallest permissible size of the dimension. You can also apply geometric tolerances, which indicate deviations of form, profile, orientation, location, and runout. If the dimension value can vary in both directions, the plus and minus values you supply are appended to the dimension value as deviation tolerances. If the deviation tolerance values are equal, they are displayed with a sign and they are known as symmetrical. Otherwise, the plus value goes above the minus value. If the tolerances are applied as limits, the program uses the plus and minus values you supply to calculate a maximum and minimum value. These values replace the dimension value. If you specify limits, the upper limit goes above the lower. You can control the vertical placement of tolerance values relative to the main dimension text. Tolerances can align with the top, middle, or bottom of the dimension text. You can also control zero suppression as you can with the primary and alternate units. Suppressing zeros in lateral tolerances has the same effect as suppressing them in the primary and alternate units. If you suppress leading zeros, 0.5 becomes .5, and if you suppress trailing zeros, 0.5000 becomes 0.5.

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Limit Tolerances

Symmetrical Tolerances

Deviation Tolerances

Basic Tolerances

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6. Creating 2D Profiles using CATIA software

Aim: Creating 2D Profiles using CATIA software Requirements: CATIA software, PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM

1) Sketching a Profile

1. Click the sketches icon to start the sketcher workbench 2. Select XY plane to define the sketch plane 3. Click the profile icon and activate command line 4. First create a lines by click a first point, drag the cursor and click a second point, third point, fourth point and first point. The profile is look like this 5. Create two arcs tangent to two lines by click the corner icon 6. Select both lines as indicated. The lines are then joined by a rounded corner, which moves as you move the cursor. 7. Click in the area as shown to define the first corner. Your first corner is created. Do not be concerned about the radius value, you will modify it later 8. Repeat the same procedure to create bottom corner of the profile 9. Now, set a dimension by click the constraint icon than select the line and place anywhere to locate the dimension 10. Double click the dimension; the constraint definition dialog box will be displayed. Enter dimension value and click ok. In this way set the remaining dimensions of the profile. Then required profile will be created.

3 R20

200

R10

Creating

2 a Pad:

150

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200

1. Click the exit sketches icon. Then the part design workbench is displayed. 2. Click the pad icon, then pad definition dialog box appears. Default options allow you create a basic pad 3. Enter required length is the length field. Then click ok button the required pad to be created. to

Drafting a face:
1. Click the draft icon from dress-up features the draft definition dialog box appears. 2. Click first selection field and select the upper face as the neutral element. 3. Click faces to be draft field and select faces to be drafted. The neutral face appears in blue and the faces to be drafted in dark red color. 4. Enter required angle in the angle field and click ok. The part is drafted.

Filleting an Edge:
1. Click the edge fillet icon from dress-up features the edge fillet definition dialog box appears. It contains default values. 2. Select the edge to be filleted, that is to be rounded 3. Enter required radium valve is radium field then click ok.

Editing the pad:

1. Click + sign of part body in specification tree and double click the pad then pad definition dialog box appears. 2. In the pad definition dialog box enter modified value in the length field and click ok the part is modified. 3. If you want to change the color of an edge or face first select that edge/face then click edit and select properties or (Alt + Enter) the properties dialog box appears. 4. Click the graphic tab and change the required color of your choice and click ok 5. The selected edge/face is now looks with arraigned color.

Mirroring the part:

1. Click the mirror icon from transformation features then mirror definition dialog box is displayed 2. Select the reference face you need to duplicate the part

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3. The name of selected face appears in the mirroring element field. 4. Click ok. The part is mirrored and the specification free indicates this operation.

Sketching a Circle from a face:

1. Select the required face to define the working plane 2. Click the sketches icon from sketches tool bar to enter the sketches workbench 3. Click circle icon from the profile tool bar to create a base circle.

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7.Creating and Assembly of Universal Coupling using CATIA

Aim: Creating and Assembly of Universal Coupling using CATIA Requirements: CATIA software, PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM

Creating Components of the Assembly

The Universal Coupling assembly will be created using the bottom-up approach. In bottom-up assemblies, all party are first created as individual part files and then inserted in the assembly file. 1. Create all parts of the assembly and save then as separate part files in the universal coupling folder 2. Close all the part files, if they are open

Starting a New file in the Assembly workbench

All components that you have created above need to be assembled in an assembly file. You need to start a new file in the assembly design workbench to assembly the parts 1. Choose the new button from the standard toolbar. The new dialog box is displayed. 2. Choose the product option from the list of Types. 3. Choose the OK button to start a new product file. A new file is started in the assembly Design Workbench, and the Product 1 is displayed on the top of the specification tree

Inserting the First Component and fixing it

After the new product file is started, you are insert the base component into the assembly. In this case, the center part is the base component. After inserting the center part, you need to set the orientation of the center part and then fix its location as shown in figure.

1. Choose the existing component button from the product structure tools toolbar. 2. Select product 1 from the specification tree; the file selection dialog box is displayed. From this dialog box, browse to the location of the file of the center part and open it. The center part is displayed in the geometry area and its name is shown in the Specification tree. The current orientation of the isometric view is not the same as that required in the assembly. Therefore, you need to set the orientation of the model. The orientation of the model will be set by using the snap tool. 3. Choose the snap button from the move tool bar and set the orientation of the model and click any where in the geometry area to exit the snap tool. Next you need to apply the fix constraint to lock its position 4. Choose the fix component button from the constraintry toolbar and select the center part from the geometry area or from the specification tree. The symbol of the fix constraint is displayed on the center part in the geometry area. G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Inserting the Fork and constraining it

The sequence, is which the parts should be inserted into the assembly depends on the user. In this case, the fork will be the second component to be inserted into the assembly. 1. Insert the fork in a similar way, as discussed earlier. Note that the part number conflicts dialog box is displayed. This dialog box is displayed. This dialog box is displayed because there is a clash between the part numbers of the previously inserted component and the currently inserted component. After selecting the component to be renamed you choose the automatic rename button. Choose the OK button from the part number conflicts dialog box to insert the second component into the product file. Follow the same procedure to rename the part number, while inserting other components.

2. Insert the shaft in a similar way, as discussed earlier. By default, it is placed in the middle of the existing assembly. You need to move it out of the assembly to get a better view of the shaft

3. Select the manipulation button from the move tool bar. Choose the required buttons and set the correct orientation with the fork. 4. Choose the coincidence constraint button from the constraints toolbar and select the two axes. Update model to place the shaft inside the fork. 5. Similarly insert the paralley key and place in the key way between fork and shaft 6. Save this three parts together as product file as shown in figure below

7. Insert the above product file and place over the center block as shown in figure below

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8. Insert pin and place in the hole of center block 9. Insert collar and place over the pin

10. Insert taper pin and place in the hole of collar. 11. The assembly is completed as shown in figure below and save as product file

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

8. Preparation of NC code and Machine (Step Turning )

the component on XL TURN Lathe
Aim: Preparation of a manual part program for the component shown in the figure. Simulate the program using DENFORD FANUC offline simulation software and machine the component on XL TURN lathe Requirements: XL TURN and simulation software ; PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM

Figure

Data: Spindle Speed = 1500 rpm Feed rate = 70mm/min Depth of cut = 0.5mm Method of cutting = RH Tool No: 01 Material: Aluminium

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Part Program:

G21 G28 M06 M03 G00 G90

G90

G28 M05 M30

G98 U0 T02 S1500 X 32 X31 X30 X29 X28 X27 X26 X25 X24 X23 X22 U0

W0 Z5 Z-38

F70

Z-18

F70

W0

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

9. Preparation of NC code and Machine the component on XL TURN Lathe using multiple turning cycle.
AIM: To prepare a manual part program for the component shown in the figure below. Simulate the program using DENFORD FANUC off-line simulation software and machine the component on XL TURN Lathe.

Requirements: XL TURN and simulation software ; PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM

Figure Data:

Roughing Operation
Spindle speed = 1500 rpm Feed rate Depth of Cut Tool No: 02 = 70mm/min = 0.5mm

Finishing operation
G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Spindle speed = 2000 rpm Feed rate Depth of cut Tool No Material = 60 mm/min = 0.1mm : 02 : Aluminium

Method of cutting = RH Part Program: G21 G28 M06 M03 G00 G71 G71 N10 G98 U0 T02 S1500 X32 U0.5 P10 G01 G01 G01 G01 G03 G01 N60 P10 U0

W0 Z5 R1 Q60 U0.1 X22 F70 Z0 X24 Z-2 Z-12 X28 Z-16 Z-28 G01 X32 Q60 S2000 W0

W0.1

F70

R4 Z-36 F60

G70 G28 M05 M30

10. Contour Milling

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

AIM: Preparation of a manual part program for contouring operation for the component shown in figure below. Simulate the program using DENFORD FANUC off-line simulation and machine the component on XL MILL.

software

Requirements: XL MILL and simulation software ; PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM

Figure

Point

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9

-20 -30 -30 -20 20 30 30 20 -20

-30 -20 20 30 30 20 -20 -30 -30

10 10 -

Machining Data: Profile depth = 1mm Depth of cut for each pass = 0.5mm Spindle speed = 1500 rpm Feed : 100mm/min

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Part program: G21 G91 G28 M06 M03 G90 G01 G01 G01 G01 G01 G03 G01 G03 G01 G00 G91 G28 M05 M30

G94 G28 X0 T01 S1500 G00 Z-1 X-30 X-30 X-20 X20 X30 X30 X20 X-20 Z5 G28 X0 Z0 Y0 X-20 F100 Y-20 Y20 Y30 Y30 Y20 Y-20 Y-30 Y-30 R10 R10 R10 Y-30 Z5 Z0 Y0

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

11. Contouring Milling

AIM: Prepare a manual part program for machining the component shown in figure below. Simulate the program using DENFORD FANUC offline simulation software and machine the component on XL MILL.

Requirements: XL MILL and simulation software ; PC with a minimum of 256MB RAM

(70,70)

(60,60)

(50,50)

(10,30)

(30,30) (50,30) (20,20)

(30,10)

Figure

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Point P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P1

X -35 5 25 25 5 -15 -15 -25 5 15 -35

Y -15 -15 5 25 25 5 -35 -25 5 15 -15

R 20 20 10 10

Data : Profile depth

: 1mm

Depth of cut for each pass = 1mm Spindle speed : 1500rpm Feed : 100mm/min

G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI

Part Program

: G21 G91 G28

G94 G28 X0 Z0 Y0

M06 T01 M03 S1500 G90 G01 G01 G03 G01 G01 G03 G01 G02 G02 G00 G00 G01 G01 G01 G00 G00 G01 G00 G91 G28 M05 G00 X-35 Z-1 X-5 X25 X25 X5 X-15 X-15 X-25 X-35 Z5 X5 Z-1 X5 X25 Z5 X15 Z-1 Z5 G28 X0 Z0 Y0 Y15 Y25 F100 Y5 Y5 F100 Y-15 Y5 Y25 Y25 Y-5 Y-35 Y-25 Y-15 R10 R10 R20 R20 Y-15 Z5

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G.D.RUNGTA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHILAI