SGD Group 4 y MIDBRAIN

October, 2012 By: MATHET MIDBRAIN BOUNDARIES

Lateral

Posterior

Anterior

Medial

Superior Brachium

Inferior Brachium

Tectum

Crura Cerebri

Tegmentum

Suprior colliculi

Inferior colliculi

Crura Cerebri -surrounds the interpeduncular fossa On the medial side is the OCULOMOTOR NERVE Its floor is perforated by many blood vessels in the region called posterior perforated substance

Superior Brachium - links lateral geniculate to superior colliculus Inferior Brachium - links medial geniculate to inferior colliculus

Embryology: developed from Mesencephalon

SGD Group 4

October, 2012
Tectum or quadrigeminal plate Divides into: Superior colliculi Visual reflex

Inferior colliculi Lower auditory refle

Posterior side
Tegmentum -contains all descending and ascending tracts from spinal cord Contains: 1. Oculomotor nuclei 2. Mesencephalic Reticular formation 3. Red nucleus

Structures that divides each boundaries: Cerebral aqueduct separates tectum from tegmentum Substantia nigra Separates tegmentum from crura cerebri

Anterior Side

SGD Group 4
Nuclei of the Midbrain Inferior Colliculus (Large Nucleus of Gray Matter) Parabigeminal nucleus Trochlear nucleus Location Tectum Afferent Connection Cochlea Efferent Connection

October, 2012
Function Major brainstem auditory relay transmitting impulses from lateral lemniscus to medial geniculate body Functions with superior colliculus in processing visual information Works with trochlear nerve in movement of superior oblique muscle Proprioception (Deep pressure);(Stretch)

Mesencephalic nucleus of CN V

Ventrolateral to inferior colliculus Posterior to medial longitudinal fasciculus Lateral to cerebral aqueduct

Superior oblique muscle Proprioreceptors on Teeth, periodontum, temporomandib ular joints; Muscles spindles of muscles of mastication

Substantia nigra Superior colliculus Oculomotor nucleus Lateral somatic columns Dorsal cell nucleus Intermediate cell nucleus Ventral cell nucleus Medial cell nucleus Caudal central nucleus Visceral nuclei Edinger Westphal nucleus Anterior median nucleus Nucleus of Perlia Accessory Motor Nuclei Interstitial nucleus of Cajal

Between tegmentum and crus cerebri Tectum

Muscle tone Retina Visual reflex

Posterior to medial longitudinal nucleus

Motor neurons of Extraocular muscles,

Innervates inferior rectus muscle Innervates inferior oblique muscle Innervates medial rectus muscle Innervates superior rectus muscle Innervate levator palpebral muscle Accommodation of lens; Pupillary light reflex

Pupillary sphincter and lens thru ciliary ganglion

Ocular convergence Lateral to Middle longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) Ventrolateral border of central gray matter Dorsolateral and dorsal to central gray matter

Nucleus of Darkshewitsch

Slow rotatory and vertical eye movements and smooth pursuit eye patterns

Nuclei of Posterior Commissure

Relationship with other nuclei Nucleus prepositus Rostral interstitial nucleus of MLF Red nucleus

Upward eye movement Downward eye movement Between cerebral aqueduct and substantia nigra Acts in close conjunction with the motor cortex and cerebellum in controlling motor behavior

Source: Snell Neuroanatomy and Carpenters Human Neuroanatomy

SGD Group 4

October, 2012

Locations of each Midbrain nuclei

SGD Group 4
Fiber Tracts of the Midbrain (Motor Tracts) Corticospinal Tract Anterior Corticospinal Tract Lateral Corticospinal Tract Corticonuclear Tract/ Corticobulbar Tract Temporopontine Tract Frontopontine Tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus Origin Termination Nucleus proprius of Lamina IV, Dorsal horn cells of Lamina V and VI and Intemediate zone cells of Lamina VII Motor neurons of brainstem motor nuclei Pontine nuclei Pontine nuclei Trochlear , Abducens and Occulomotor nuclei

October, 2012
Function

Pyramidal cells of Layer V of cerebral Cortex Motor cortex of Frontal Lobe Temporal Lobe Frontal Lobe Medial Vestibular nucleus, Superior Colliculus

Controls movement of torso, upper limbs and lower limbs Controls muscles of head, face and neck Carries information to the cerebellum about the type and strength of motor impulse generated in the cortex Carries information of the direction that the eye would move; Integrates movements directed by gaze centers (frontal eyefield) and information about head movement Control of muscle tone on flexor muscle groups Principal ascending auditory pathway; connects superior olivary complex with inferior colliculus Conveys the nociceptive and thermal sense

Decussation of Rubrospinal Tract Sensory Tract Lateral Lemnisci

Red nucleus

Lamina V, VI and VII of spinal cord Inferior Colliculus

Cochlear nucleus

Trigeminal Lemnisci

Principal sensory nucleus of Trigeminal system Posterior marginal nucleus of Lamina I, nucleus propius of Lamina IV; and Dorsal horn nuclei of Lamina V Gracile nuclei and cuneate nuclei

Ventroposteromedial nucleus (VPMn) of Thalamus

Spinal Lemnisci/ spinothalamic tract Lateral Spinothalamic Tract Anterior Spinothalamic Tract

Transmits pain and temperature Ventral Posterolateral nucleus(VPLn) in Thalamus Transmits crude touch and pressure

Medial Lemnisci/ Reils band/ Reils ribbon

Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPLn) of thalamus

Constitutes the 2 neuron of posterior column pathway,; conveys kinaesthetic sense and discriminative tactile sense

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(Source: Snell Neuroanatomy and wikipedia)

SGD Group 4 PONS

October, 2012 By: Mathe Monje

Boundaries of Pons

Posterior

Anterior

Pontine Tegmentum

Basal Part (Pons Proper)

Pontine Tegmentum
Contains: 1. Cranial nerve nuclei of CN V, VI, VII and VIII 2. Ascending and descending tracts 3. Reticular formation

Structures found: (from medial to lateral) 1. Median sulcus 2. Medial eminence 3. Sulcus limitans 4. Vestibular area

5. Substantia ferruginea superior to medial eminence 6. Facial Colliculus inferior to medial eminence; bulb like; Facial nucleus + Abducens nucleus 7. Superior Cerebellar peduncle lateral limit of posterior surface of pons

Posterior side: Pontine Tegmentum Pons Proper

Consists of orderly arranged transverse and longitudinal fiber bundles intercalated between collections of pontine nuclei Structures found: (from medial to lateral) 1. Groove for basilar artery 2. Motor root of Trigeminal nerve (smaller) 3. Sensory Root of Trigeminal Nerve (larger) 4. Middle Cerebellar peduncle (On the groove between pons and medulla: from medial to lateral) 5. Abducens Nerve 6. Facial Nerve 7. Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Embryology: Developed from Metencephalon

SGD Group 4
Nuclei of Pons (Caudal Part) Facial nucleus Facial Motor Nucleus Superior Salivatory nucleus Location Afferent Connection Efferent Connection Branchiomeric muscles of the face Lacrimal gland

October, 2012
Function

Influence facial expression Influence secretion of lacrimal gland (by pterygopalatine ganglion) Together with fibers of Paramedian Pontine Reticular formation (PPRF) enables conjugate horizontal gaze/ deviation of eyes Together with fibers of Paramedian Pontine Reticular formation (PPRF) enables vertical eye movements Coordinate head and trunk Movement Receives information about deep or crude touch, pain and temperature from ipsilateral face Allow modification of actions in the light of their outcome or correction of errors Innervates muscles of mastication , tensor tympani, myolohyoid and anterior digastric muscles Touch, pain and thermal sense

Posterior to lateral part of Medial lemniscus

Abducens Nucleus

Above striae medullares and subjacent to medial eminence Tegmentum

Motor neurons of Lateral rectus muscles via CN VI

Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF

Medial Vestibular nucleus Spinal nucleus of CN V

Pontine nuclei

Lateral to abducens nucleus Anteromedial aspect of inferior cerebellar peduncle Pons (Obviously..hehe)

Utricle and saccule

Motor nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve

Upper part of pons along lateral margin th of 4 ventricle Lateral side of Motor nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve

Cranial Part Motor neurons of Muscles of mastication Sensory neurons of skin of face and head , mucus membranes of nose and mouth, teeth and cranial dura

Principal Sensory Nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve

Superior Olivary nucleus Medial Superior Olive

Pons (wala na ko makta nga specific location niya)

Ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation for low frequency sounds. Ipsilateral stimulation for high frequency sounds. Contralateral stimulation Localization of sounds

Lateral Superior Olive Medial Nucleus of Trapezoid Body

Cochlear nuclei Dorsal Cochlear nucleus

Dorsal aspect of Cochlea Preserve or even enhance the Inferior Cerebellar timing information that is peduncle provided by each fiber of the Ventral Cochlear Ventral surface of cochlear nerve nucleus Inferior Cerebellar peduncle Fiber Tracts: Spinal Tract of CN V, Lateral Lemnisci, Medial Lemnisci and Spinal Lemnisci (refer location and function on Table 2) Source: Snell Neuroanatomy, Carpenters Human Neuroanatomy and wikipedia)

SGD Group 4

October, 2012

Caudal Part of Pons

Transverse Section at the level of Trigeminal Nuclei