Ok so Is the Kc of a reaction the same for both the forward and backward? The Kc is called the Equilibrium constant.

Its a number that has no units, and only describes the behavior of the substance in a solvent. (usually water.) Commonly with Kc questions, there is a substance being dissolved in water. Im going to use CH 3CO2H dissolved in water. So now, we know the reaction: CH3CO2H + H2O CH3CO2 + H3O+ What this reaction says is that when CH3CO2H is dissolved in water, it produces two ions: CH3CO2 and H3O+ H3O+ is commonly abbreviated as H+ and it denotes the concentration of hydronium in the solution, which is later used to measure pH (-logH+). Not sure if youve learned that yet or not. The Kc of this reaction (and all reactions) is a constant value which describes the behavior of a reaction. So for the reaction Im using the Kc is Kc= [concentration products]/[concentration reactants] Or Kc= ([CH3CO2-]*[H+])/[CH3CO2H). Mathematically, if the Kc is greater than 1, it means that the number on the top of the fraction is bigger. That means that the concentration of PRODUCTS in the reaction is bigger than concentration of reactants. This means that when CH3CO2H is dissolved in water, there are more products than reactants. To find the Kc of the reverse, then, would be the reaction: CH3CO2 + H3O+ CH3CO2H + H2O So now we have Kc= [concentration of products]/[concentration of reactants] Which for this reaction ends up being Kc= (CH3CO2H)/ ([CH3CO2-]*[H+]). So no, the Kc of the forward and reverse are not the same. When Kc= 1 or greater, it means the reaction goes to completion which means that there are lots of products, so all the reactants are reacted. This is proved by looking at the fraction of products/reactants.

Why do we not include the molar concentration of solids and liquids in Kc formula? Substances whose concentrations undergo no significant change in a chemical reaction do not appear in equilibrium constant expressions. Say 1mL of something was dissolved in 1 liter of water. The made-up Kc of this reaction is 3.0*10^6 (goes to completion with all the reactants being consumed) This means that for all of the reactant we add (in this case 1mL), 1mL of water is consumed. Does this 1mL of reactant significantly change the volume or molarity of water? No. So when we do the math WITH water, it ends up being on top and on bottom of the Kc expression, canceling. We do not need to include it. The Kc of pure water (Kw) is a known constant of 1*10^-14. Since we know the pH of pure water is 7, we know that there must be equal H+ and OH- because the solution is neither basic nor acidic. So writing the expression [OH-]*[H+] = 1*10^-14, and know that OH and H+ must be the same number, we take the square root of 1*10^-14 which is 1*10^-7. A question states that the [H+] in solution is 10^-6, how is that possible if we just said its 10^-7?) If the question states that the [H+] in solution is 10^-6, we are not dealing with pure water, so the Kw no longer applies here. If exothermic means giving out heat, when why does delta H equal a negative value? Delta H refers to the change in heat in the initial substance youre talking about. So if a reaction of AB is exothermic, it will look something like this ABA+B Delta H= -126 If the reaction gives off heat, heat is a product AB A+B + Heat Heat isnt created from nothing, the heat comes from the initial species AB. So if AB gives off heat, it means that AB itself is losing heat. Just like a cup of coffee feels warm and gets cold because it is losing its heat to the surrounding air/your hand. How does a change in temperature affect the equilibrium shift?

Im assuming youre kind of familiar with Le Chatliers principle. When you add something to one side of a reaction, it shifts the reaction in the opposite direction to maintain equilibrium. So if you heat something up, youre adding heat. AB+ heat A+B When you add more heat to the left side of the equation, it will shift the equation to provide more products.