Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland

April 2010

Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Service Natural Heritage Program

Tawes State Office Building 580 Taylor Ave., Suite E-1 Annapolis, MD 21401 (410) 260-8563

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Maryland Department of Natural Resources would like to express sincere appreciation to the many scientists and naturalists who willingly share information and provide their expertise to further our mission of conserving Maryland's diminishing natural heritage. Publication of this report was made possible by taxpayer donations to Maryland's Chesapeake Bay and Endangered Species Fund.

Cover photo: Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) Richard Wiegand, Maryland Natural Heritage Program.

Suggested citation: Maryland Natural Heritage Program. 2010. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland. April 2010 edition. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Annapolis, Maryland.

RARE, THREATENED, AND ENDANGERED PLANTS OF MARYLAND

April 5, 2010 Maryland Department of Natural Resources Wildlife and Heritage Service Natural Heritage Program Tawes State Office Building Annapolis, MD 21401 (410) 260-8563

INTRODUCTION
The following report identifies those native Maryland plants that are among the rarest and most in need of conservation efforts as elements of our State's natural diversity. It includes species occurring in Maryland that are listed or that are candidates for listing on the Federal list of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants, species currently on the State's Threatened and Endangered Species List, and additional species that are considered rare by the Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Service. The purpose of this report is to inform the public of which species are rare, to provide an indication of their degree of rarity, to solicit additional information on the status and distribution of these species, and to promote an interest in their protection. Compiled by Wildlife and Heritage Service staff, this list of rare species is a result of 30 years of data gathering from numerous sources, such as herbaria and private collections, scientific literature, unpublished documents, reports from botanists and amateur naturalists, and field work conducted by scientists from the Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The original version of this list was included in the Department of Natural Resources' 1984 publication Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals of Maryland, which also contained detailed information on the distribution and status of Maryland's rare species known at that time. Since 1984, our knowledge of Maryland's flora has grown steadily. Through extensive field work, Wildlife and Heritage Service biologists and other researchers have located species which were previously unrecorded for the State and have discovered that some species are scarcer than previously known. Similarly, some species are now known to be either more widespread or less vulnerable to ecological disturbances than previously believed. Thus, the list and status of each species is periodically revised to keep pace with new information. The official State Threatened and Endangered Species List is part of the State Threatened and Endangered Species regulations (COMAR 08.03.08). Wildlife and Heritage Service biologists are concerned with many more species than those included on the State's Threatened and Endangered Species List. Some of these species are potential candidates for listing and usually require further investigation into their rarity and endangerment status. Others are thought to be secure at present, but are worthy of attention because of limited distributions, declining populations, or ecological vulnerabilities.

ABOUT THIS LIST

The list of rare, threatened, and endangered plants is arranged alphabetically by scientific name. Four columns are printed to the right of each name. The global and state rarity ranks of each species are included in the first and second columns, respectively. The third column indicates the species' status on the State Threatened and Endangered Species List. The last column shows the Federal status of each species as determined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Definitions for the codes used in all four columns are provided below. At the end of the list is a series of four Appendices. Appendix I contains a summary of the changes to state ranks and statuses since the last time this list was published. Because taxonomists periodically update scientific names, a partial list of synonym names is included as a cross reference in Appendix II. The names used in this publication might not reflect the most recently published taxonomic changes or standards. Species currently under consideration for inclusion on the list appear in Appendix III. Appendix IV contains a list of species with unusual, non-standard ranks and has been provided to clarify their current conservation status in Maryland. Natural Heritage Program biologists welcome any information on the status and location of the species in Appendices III and IV from all interested parties.

EXPLANATION OF SPECIES RANK AND STATUS CODES

GLOBAL AND STATE RANKS The global and state ranking system is used by all 50 state Natural Heritage Programs and numerous Conservation Data Centers in other countries in this hemisphere. Because they are assigned based upon standard criteria, the ranks can be used to assess the range-wide status of a species, as well as the status within portions of the species' range. The primary criterion used to define these ranks is the number of known distinct occurrences with consideration given to the total number of individuals at each locality. Additional factors considered include the current level of protection, the types and degree of threats, ecological vulnerability, and population trends. Global and state ranks are used in combination to set inventory, protection, and management priorities for species both at the state as well as regional level.

GLOBAL RANK

G1

Highly globally rare. Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity (typically 5 or fewer estimated occurrences or very few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Globally rare. Imperiled globally because of rarity (typically 6 to 20 estimated occurrences or few remaining individuals or acres) or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. Either very rare and local throughout its range or distributed locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) in a restricted range (e.g., a single western state, a physiographic region in the East) or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction throughout its range; typically with 21 to 100 estimated occurrences. Apparently secure globally, although it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. Demonstrably secure globally, although it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. No known extant occurrences (i.e., formerly part of the established biota, with the expectation that it may be rediscovered). Possibly in peril range-wide, but its status is uncertain; more information is needed. Believed to be extinct throughout its range (e.g., passenger pigeon) with virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered. The species has not yet been ranked. Species containing a "Q" in the rank indicates that the taxon is of questionable or uncertain taxonomic standing (i.e., some taxonomists regard it as a full species, while others treat it at an infraspecific level). Ranks containing a "T" indicate that the infraspecific taxon is being ranked differently than the full species.

G2

G3

G4 G5 GH

GU GX

G? _Q

_T

STATE RANK S1 Highly State rare. Critically imperiled in Maryland because of extreme rarity (typically 5 or fewer estimated occurrences or very few remaining individuals or acres in the State) or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation. Species with this rank are actively tracked by the Wildlife and Heritage Service. State rare. Imperiled in Maryland because of rarity (typically 6 to 20 estimated occurrences or few remaining individuals or acres in the State) or because of some factor(s) making it vulnerable to becoming extirpated. Species with this rank are actively tracked by the Wildlife and Heritage Service. Watch List. Rare to uncommon with the number of occurrences typically in the range of 21 to 100 in Maryland. It may have fewer occurrences but with a large number of individuals in some populations, and it may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. Species with this rank are not actively tracked by the Wildlife and Heritage Service.

S2

S3

S3.1 A "Watch List" species that is actively tracked by the Wildlife and Heritage Service because of the global significance of Maryland occurrences. For instance, a G3 S3 species is globally rare to uncommon, and although it may not be currently threatened with extirpation in Maryland, its occurrences in Maryland may be critical to the long term security of the species. Therefore, its status in the State is being monitored. S4 Apparently secure in Maryland with typically more than 100 occurrences in the State or may have fewer occurrences if they contain large numbers of individuals. It is apparently secure under present conditions, although it may be restricted to only a portion of the State. Demonstrably secure in Maryland under present conditions. Accidental in Maryland. Established, but not native to Maryland; it may be native elsewhere in North America. Historically known from Maryland, but not verified for an extended period (usually 20 or more years), with the expectation that it may be rediscovered. Species is not a suitable conservation target Potentially occurring in Maryland or likely to have occurred in Maryland (but without persuasive documentation). Reported from Maryland, but without persuasive documentation that would provide a basis for either accepting or rejecting the report (e.g., no voucher specimen exists).

S5 SA SE SH

SNA SP

SR

SRF Reported falsely (in error) from Maryland, and the error may persist in the literature. SU Possibly rare in Maryland, but of uncertain status for reasons including lack of historical records, low search effort, cryptic nature of the species, or concerns that the species may not be native to the State. Uncertainty spans a range of 4 or 5 ranks as defined above. Believed to be extirpated in Maryland with virtually no chance of rediscovery. The species has not yet been ranked.

SX S?

STATE STATUS State status is the legal protection status of a species as determined by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources in accordance with the Nongame and Endangered Species Conservation Act. Definitions for the following categories have been taken from Code of Maryland Regulations (COMAR) 08.03.08.

Endangered; a species whose continued existence as a viable component of the State's flora or fauna is determined to be in jeopardy. Threatened; a species of flora or fauna that appears likely, within the foreseeable future, to become endangered in the State. Endangered Extirpated; a species that was once a viable component of the flora or fauna of the State, but for which no naturally occurring populations are known to exist in the State. A qualifier denoting the species is listed in a limited geographic area only.

FEDERAL STATUS Federal Status is the legal protection status of a species as determined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Office of Endangered Species, in accordance with the Endangered Species Act. Definitions for the following categories have been modified from 50 CFR 17. LE LT Taxa listed as endangered; in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range. Taxa listed as threatened; likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of their range. Taxa proposed to be listed as endangered. Taxa proposed to be listed as threatened. Candidate taxa for listing for which the Service has on file enough substantial information on biological vulnerability and threat(s) to support proposals to list them as endangered or threatened.

PE PT C

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AND INFORMATION

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Office of Endangered Species publishes a list of federally-designated threatened and endangered species, as well as those species considered to be candidates for official listing. Copies of the U.S. Department of Interior's booklets, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants and Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species; Notice of Review (reprinted from the Federal Register) can be obtained from the Publication Unit, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC 20240 or viewed at http://www.fws.gov/endangered/wildlife.html. To obtain additional copies of this report, to receive a copy of "Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Animals of Maryland," or to receive other information on Maryland's rare species and natural areas, please contact the Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Service at the address shown above or visit their website at http://www.dnr.maryland.gov/wildlife/nhpintro.asp. There are several online resources for plant taxonomy, which include comprehensive databases of taxonomic synonym, scientific names, common names, and plant distribution. The USDA Plants Database (http://plants.usda.gov/) includes a general seach of plant taxonomy, habitat, and distribution. The Biota of North American Program (http://www.bonap.org/synth.html) includes a link to The Synthesis of North American Flora, a database developed by Dr. John Kartesz that shows county-level distribution maps. NatureServe Explorer (http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/) provides information on the global, national, and state conservation ranks and statuses of over 70,000 plants and animals.

SUBMITTING INFORMATION ON RARE, THREATENED, AND ENDANGERED SPECIES

The Wildlife and Heritage Service is the lead State agency for the identification, ranking, and protection of Maryland's rare species and significant natural areas. Staff biologists obtain information on the biology and status of rare native flora and fauna from various sources, including scientific experts, knowledgeable amateur naturalists, and research projects funded through the Chesapeake Bay and Endangered Species tax check-off. You can take an active part in protecting Maryland's rare species by contacting the Wildlife and Heritage Service with the following types of information:

1. Location (exact mapped location, if possible) and population size/vigor information for any species on the Program's rare, threatened, and endangered species list, including historical information. 2. Data indicating that a species should be assigned a different state rank or status. 3. Nominations of additional rare species to be included on the list or of species that should be deleted from the list, with supporting data. 4. Documentation of threats to any rare species populations, including the species' habitat. 5. Information on the biology or ecology of rare species and references to the species in the literature. 6. Any additional information that would support the protection, conservation, or management of rare species, habitats, or natural communities in Maryland. If you would like to provide location information for any rare species, please fill out the reporting form found at the web address provided above and mail it to the Wildlife and Heritage Service along with a location map. You can also send an e-mail message to Peter Stango, Natural Heritage Information Manager, at pstango@dnr.state.md.us.

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Global Rank State Rank State Federal Status Status

Abies balsamea Aconitum uncinatum Actaea podocarpa Adlumia fungosa Aeschynomene virginica Agalinis acuta Agalinis auriculata Agalinis fasciculata Agalinis obtusifolia Agalinis setacea Agalinis skinneriana Agastache scrophulariifolia Agrimonia microcarpa Agrimonia striata Aletris aurea Alnus maritima Amaranthus pumilus Amelanchier humilis Amelanchier nantucketensis Amelanchier sanguinea Amelanchier stolonifera Amianthium muscitoxicum Ammannia coccinea Ammannia latifolia Ampelopsis arborea Ampelopsis cordata Amphicarpum purshii Anagallis minima Anaphalis margaritacea Anemone canadensis Anemone lancifolia Angelica atropurpurea Angelica triquinata Antennaria solitaria Arabis glabra Arabis hirsuta Arabis missouriensis Arabis patens Arabis shortii Aralia hispida Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Arethusa bulbosa Aristida lanosa Aristida tuberculosa Aristida virgata Aristolochia macrophylla Armoracia lacustris Arnica acaulis Arundinaria gigantea

Balsam Fir Blue Monkshood American Bugbane Climbing Fumitory Sensitive Joint-vetch Sandplain Gerardia Auricled Gerardia Fascicled Gerardia Blunt-leaved Gerardia Thread-leaved Gerardia Midwestern Gerardia Purple Giant Hyssop Small-fruited Agrimony Woodland Agrimony Golden Colicroot Seaside Alder Seabeach Amaranth Running Serviceberry Nantucket Shadbush Round-leaf Serviceberry Running Juneberry Fly-poison Scarlet Ammannia Koehne's Ammannia Pepper-vine Heartleaf Peppervine Pursh's Amphicarpum Chaffweed Pearly Everlasting Canada Anemone Mountain Thimble-weed Great Angelica Filmy Angelica Single-headed Pussytoes Tower Mustard Hairy Rockcress Missouri Rockcress Spreading Rockcress Short's Rockcress Bristly Sarsaparilla Bearberry Arethusa Woolly Three-awn Sea-beach Three-awn Wire Grass Pipevine Lake Cress Leopard's-bane Giant Cane

G5 G4 G4 G4 G2 G1 G3 G5 G4G5Q G5? G3G4 G4 G5 G5 G5 G3 G2 G5 G3Q G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5?Q G3 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4? G4 G5

S1 S1 S2 S2 S1 S1 S1 SH S1 S1 S1 S1S2 SU S1 SH S3.1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 S2? SU S2 SU SU S3 SU S3 SH SU SH S1 S2 SU SU S1 S3 S3 S1 S1 SH S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S2 E T E E E E X E E X E T X X E T T E LT E X E E E T T E E E LT LE E

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Asclepias lanceolata Asclepias purpurascens Asclepias rubra Asclepias verticillata Asplenium bradleyi Asplenium pinnatifidum Asplenium resiliens Asplenium ruta-muraria Astilbe biternata Astragalus canadensis Astragalus distortus Atriplex arenaria Aureolaria flava Aureolaria laevigata Axonopus furcatus Bacopa innominata Bacopa monnieri Baptisia australis Bartonia paniculata Berberis canadensis Betula populifolia Bidens bidentoides var. mariana Bidens coronata Bidens mitis Blephilia ciliata Blephilia hirsuta Boltonia asteroides Borrichia frutescens Botrychium lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum Botrychium matricariifolium Botrychium multifidum Botrychium oneidense Botrychium simplex Bouteloua curtipendula Bromus ciliatus Bromus kalmii Bromus latiglumis Bromus nottowayanus Buchnera americana Cacalia muehlenbergii Calamagrostis porteri Calla palustris Callicarpa americana Calopogon tuberosus Calystegia spithamaea Campanula divaricata Campanula rotundifolia Cardamine douglassii Cardamine longii Cardamine pratensis

COMMON NAME
Smooth Orange Milkweed Purple Milkweed Red Milkweed Whorled Milkweed Bradley's Spleenwort Lobed Spleenwort Black-stem Spleenwort Wall-rue False Goat's-beard Canada Milkvetch Bent Milkvetch Sea-beach Orach Smooth False Foxglove Downy Yellow Foxglove Big Carpet Grass Mat-forming Water-hyssop Coastal Water-hyssop Wild False Indigo Twining Bartonia American Barberry Gray Birch Maryland Bur-marigold Tickseed Sunflower Small-fruited Beggar-ticks Downy Woodmint Hairy Woodmint Aster-like Boltonia Sea Ox-eye Triangle Grape-fern Matricary Grape-fern Leathery Grape-fern Blunt-lobe Grape-fern Small Grape-fern Side-oats Grama Fringed Brome Wild Chess Broad-glumed Brome Nottoway's Brome Blue-hearts Great Indian-plantain Porter's Reedgrass Wild Calla French Mulberry Grass-pink Low Bindweed Southern Harebell Harebell Purple Cress Long's Bittercress Cuckooflower

Global Rank
G5 G5? G4G5 G5 G4 G4 G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3G5 G5? G5 G5 G3 G5 G3T3 G5 G4? G5 G5? G5 G5TNR G5 G5 G5 G4Q G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3G5 G5? G4 G4 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G4 G5 G5 G3 G5

State Rank
SU SU S1 S3 SH S1 S1 S3 S? S1 S2 S3 S3 SU S2? SH SU S2 S3 SH SU S3.1 S2S3 S1 S3 S2 S1 SH SH SU SH S1 SH S2 S1? S1 S1 S1S2 SH SH S1 S1 SH S1 S2 SU S2 S3 S1 S1

State Federal Status Status

E X E E

E T

X T X

E X X X E X

E E X X E E X E X

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Cardamine rotundifolia Carex aestivalis Carex albursina Carex appalachica Carex aquatilis Carex argyrantha Carex barrattii Carex brevior Carex brunnescens Carex bullata Carex buxbaumii Carex careyana Carex cephaloidea Carex conoidea Carex cristatella Carex davisii Carex decomposita Carex diandra Carex digitalis var. macropoda Carex eburnea Carex echinata Carex emoryi Carex exilis Carex gigantea Carex glaucescens Carex haydenii Carex hirtifolia Carex hitchcockiana Carex hyalinolepis Carex hystericina Carex interior Carex joorii Carex lacustris Carex lasiocarpa Carex laxiculmis var. copulata Carex louisianica Carex lucorum Carex lupuliformis Carex meadii Carex mitchelliana Carex molesta Carex pedunculata Carex pellita Carex planispicata Carex plantaginea Carex polymorpha Carex projecta Carex richardsonii Carex sartwellii Carex shortiana

COMMON NAME
Mountain Watercress Summer Sedge A Sedge Appalachian Sedge Water Sedge Hay Sedge Barratt's Sedge Fescue Sedge Brownish Sedge Button Sedge Buxbaum's Sedge Carey's Sedge Thin-leaved Sedge Field Sedge Crested Sedge Davis' Sedge Cypress-knee Sedge Lesser Panicled Sedge A Carex Ebony Sedge Little Prickly Sedge Emory's Sedge Coast Sedge Giant Sedge A Sedge Cloud Sedge Pubescent Sedge Hitchcock's Sedge Shoreline Sedge Porcupine Sedge Inland Sedge Cypress-swamp Sedge Lake-bank Sedge Hairy-fruited Sedge Spreading Sedge Louisiana Sedge A Sedge Hop-like Sedge Mead's Sedge Mitchell's Sedge Troublesome Sedge Long-stalked Sedge Woolly Sedge A Sedge Plantain-leaved Sedge Variable Sedge Necklace Sedge Richardson's Sedge Sartwell Sedge Short's Sedge

Global Rank
G4 G4 G5 G4 G5 G5 G4 G5? G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G3 G5 G5TNR G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G4 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G5T3T5 G5 G4 G4 G4G5 G4 G4 G5 G5 G4Q G5 G3 G5 G4 G4G5 G5

State Rank
S3 S1 S3 S1? S1 S3 S3 S2? S3 S3 S2 S1 SH S1 S1? S1 S1 S1 S1? S1 S3 S3 S1 S3 S1 S1 S3 S1 S2S3 S1 S1 S3 S2 S1 S1? S3 S1 S2 S1 S2 S1? S1 S2? S1S2 S1? SH S2 S1 SH S2

State Federal Status Status

T E E E E E E

E E E E E

X E E

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Carex silicea Carex sparganioides Carex straminea Carex striatula Carex tenera Carex tetanica Carex trichocarpa Carex tuckermanii Carex venusta Carex vesicaria Carex vestita Carya laciniosa Cassia marilandica Castanea dentata Castilleja coccinea Celtis laevigata Centella erecta Centrosema virginianum Ceratophyllum echinatum Chamaecrista fasciculata var. macrosperma Chamaecyparis thyoides Chamaedaphne calyculata Chamaelirium luteum Chamaesyce vermiculata Chelone obliqua Chenopodium gigantospermum Chenopodium leptophyllum Chenopodium standleyanum Chimaphila umbellata Chrysogonum virginianum Cicuta bulbifera Cinna latifolia Cirsium horridulum Cirsium muticum Claytonia caroliniana Cleistes divaricata Clematis occidentalis Clematis ochroleuca Clematis viorna Clintonia alleghaniensis Clintonia borealis Coeloglossum viride Coelorachis rugosa Commelina erecta Coptis trifolia Corallorhiza trifida Corallorhiza wisteriana Coreopsis rosea Coreopsis tripteris Coreopsis verticillata

COMMON NAME
Sea-beach Sedge Burr-reed Sedge Straw Sedge Lined Sedge Slender Sedge Rigid Sedge Hairy-fruited Sedge Tuckerman Sedge Dark Green Sedge Inflated Sedge Velvety Sedge Big Shellbark Hickory Maryland Senna American Chestnut Indian Paintbrush Sugarberry Coinleaf Spurred Butterfly-pea Prickly Hornwort Marsh Wild Senna Atlantic White Cedar Leatherleaf Devil's-bit Hairy Spurge Red Turtlehead Maple-leaved Goosefoot Narrow-leaved Goosefoot Standley's Goosefoot Prince's Pine Golden-knees Bulb-bearing Water Hemlock Slender Wood Reedgrass Yellow Thistle Swamp Thistle Carolina Spring-beauty Spreading Pogonia Purple Clematis Curly-heads Leatherflower Harned's Swamp Clintonia Yellow Clintonia Long-bracted Orchis Wrinkled Jointgrass Slender Dayflower Goldthread Early Coralroot Wister's Coralroot Rose Coreopsis Tall Tickseed Whorled Coreopsis

Global Rank
G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G4G5 G4 G4 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4? G5T3 G4 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G4 G5 G1Q G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3 G5 G5

State Rank
S1 S1S2 S1S2 S3 SH SH S2 S1 S2 S1 S2 S1 S3 S2S3 S1 SU S3 S2 S1 S1 S3 S1 S3 SH S1 S1 SX S1 S3 S3 S1 S3 S3 S3 S3 S1 S1 SH S3 S1 S2 S1 S1 S3 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S3

State Federal Status Status

E

X X E T T T E

E E T

T E E

E E X

T E E E E E E E

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Cornus canadensis Cornus rugosa Corydalis sempervirens Corylus cornuta Crassula aquatica Crotalaria rotundifolia Croton capitatus Cuscuta coryli Cuscuta indecora Cuscuta polygonorum Cuscuta rostrata Cymophyllus fraserianus Cyperus dentatus Cyperus diandrus Cyperus haspan Cyperus houghtonii Cyperus lancastriensis Cyperus plukenetii Cyperus refractus Cyperus retrofractus Cypripedium candidum Cypripedium reginae Cystopteris bulbifera Cystopteris tennesseensis Delphinium exaltatum Delphinium tricorne Deschampsia cespitosa Desmodium canadense Desmodium cuspidatum Desmodium humifusum Desmodium laevigatum Desmodium lineatum Desmodium nuttallii Desmodium ochroleucum Desmodium pauciflorum Desmodium rigidum Desmodium sessilifolium Desmodium strictum Desmodium viridiflorum Dicentra eximia Dichanthelium aciculare Dichanthelium boreale Dichanthelium laxiflorum Dichanthelium leucothrix Dichanthelium oligosanthes Dichanthelium ravenelii Dichanthelium scabriusculum Dichanthelium wrightianum Digitaria villosa Dioscorea hirticaulis

COMMON NAME
Bunchberry Round-leaved Dogwood Pale Corydalis Beaked Hazelwood Pygmyweed Rabbit-bells Hogwort Hazel Dodder Pretty Dodder Smartweed Dodder Beaked Dodder Fraser's Sedge Toothed Sedge Low Cyperus Sheathed Flatsedge Houghton's Umbrella-sedge Lancaster's Sedge Plukenet's Cyperus Reflexed Cyperus Rough Cyperus Small White Lady's Slipper Showy Lady's Slipper Bulblet Fern Tennessee Bladder-fern Tall Larkspur Dwarf Larkspur Tufted Hairgrass Showy Tick-trefoil Large-bracted Tick-trefoil Trailing Tick-trefoil Smooth Tick-trefoil Linear-leaved Tick-trefoil Nuttall's Tick-trefoil Cream-flowered Tick-trefoil Few-flowered Tick-trefoil Rigid Tick-trefoil Sessile-leaved Tick-trefoil Stiff Tick-trefoil Velvety Tick-trefoil Wild Bleeding-heart Bristling Panicgrass Northern Panicgrass Lax-flowered Witchgrass Roughish Panicgrass Few-flowered Panicgrass Ravenel's Witchgrass Tall Swamp Panicgrass Wright's Panicgrass Shaggy Crabgrass Wild Yam

Global Rank
G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5? G5 G5 G4 G4 G4 G5 G5 G4? G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G4 G5 G5 G3 G5 G5 G5 G5 G1G2Q G5 G5 G5 G1G2 G5 GNRQ G5 G4 G5? G4 G5 G5 G5 G4?Q G5 G5 G4 G4 G5 G3Q

State Rank
S1 S1 S3 S3 SH S1 SU SH S1? S1 S1 S1 SH SU S1? S1 SU SH S2? S2 S1 SU S3 S1 S1 S3 S1 S3 S1 SH S3S4 S1 SU S1 S1 S1 SH S1 S3S4 S2 S2? SU S1? SU S2S3 S3 S1 S1 SU SH

State Federal Status Status

E E

X E X E E E X

E X

E E

X E E E E X E T X

E E X

10

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Diplazium pycnocarpon Dirca palustris Dodecatheon meadia Doellingeria infirma Drosera capillaris Drosera rotundifolia Dryopteris campyloptera Dryopteris celsa Dryopteris clintoniana Dryopteris goldiana Echinodorus cordifolius Elatine americana Elatine minima Eleocharis albida Eleocharis compressa Eleocharis engelmannii Eleocharis equisetoides Eleocharis erythropoda Eleocharis geniculata Eleocharis halophila Eleocharis intermedia Eleocharis melanocarpa Eleocharis robbinsii Eleocharis rostellata Eleocharis tortilis Eleocharis tricostata Elephantopus tomentosus Epilobium ciliatum Epilobium leptophyllum Epilobium strictum Equisetum fluviatile Equisetum sylvaticum Eragrostis refracta Erigenia bulbosa Erigeron pulchellus var. brauniae Eriocaulon aquaticum Eriocaulon compressum Eriocaulon decangulare Eriocaulon parkeri Eriophorum gracile Eriophorum virginicum Eryngium yuccifolium Erythronium albidum Eupatorium altissimum Eupatorium leucolepis Eupatorium maculatum Euphorbia obtusata Euphorbia pubentissima Euphorbia purpurea Eurybia radula

COMMON NAME
Glade Fern Leatherwood Shooting-star Cornel-leaf Aster Pink Sundew Round-leaved Sundew Mountain Wood-fern Log Fern Clinton's Wood-fern Goldie's Wood-fern Upright Burhead American Waterwort Small Waterwort White Spikerush Flattened Spikerush Engelmann's Spikerush Knotted Spikerush Bald Spikerush Capitate Spikerush Salt-marsh Spikerush Matted Spikerush Black-fruited Spikerush Robbins' Spikerush Beaked Spikerush Twisted Spikerush Three-ribbed Spikerush Tobaccoweed Northern Willowherb Linear-leaved Willowherb Downy Willowherb Water Horsetail Wood Horsetail Meadow Lovegrass Harbinger-of-spring Lucy Braun's Robin Plantain Seven-angled Pipewort Flattened Pipewort Ten-angled Pipewort Parker's Pipewort Slender Cottongrass Tawny Cottongrass Tall Rattlesnake Master White Trout Lily Tall Boneset White-bracted Boneset Spotted Joe-pye-weed Blunt-leaved Spurge Flowering Spurge Darlington's Spurge Rough-leaved Aster

Global Rank
G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G4 G5 G4 G5 G4G5 G4 G4G5Q G4 G5 G5 G4 G5 G4 G4G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5? G5 G5 G5 G5 G5T4 G5 G5 G5 G3 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3 G5

State Rank
S2 S2 S3 S3 S1 S3 S1 S3 S1 S2 S1 S3 S1 S2 S1 S3 S1 SU SU S1 S1 S1 S1 S2? S3 S1 S1? S1 S2S3 S1 S1 S1 S3S4 S3 S1 S1 S2 S2 S2 S1 S3 SH S2 S3 S2S3 SU S1 SU S1 S1

State Federal Status Status

T T

E E E E E T E E

E E E E

E E E E E E

T E X T T X E E E

11

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Eurybia spectabilis Festuca paradoxa Filipendula rubra Fimbristylis annua Fimbristylis caroliniana Fimbristylis perpusilla Fimbristylis puberula Fraxinus nigra Fuirena pumila Galactia volubilis Galium boreale Galium concinnum Galium hispidulum Galium latifolium Galium trifidum Gaultheria hispidula Gaylussacia brachycera Gentiana andrewsii Gentiana linearis Gentiana puberulenta Gentiana villosa Gentianella quinquefolia Gentianopsis crinita Geranium robertianum Geum aleppicum Geum laciniatum Glaux maritima Glyceria acutiflora Glyceria grandis Goodyera repens Goodyera tesselata Gratiola ramosa Gratiola viscidula Gymnocarpium dryopteris Gymnocladus dioicus Gymnopogon brevifolius Hasteola suaveolens Helianthemum bicknellii Helianthus hirsutus Helianthus laevigatus Helianthus microcephalus Helianthus occidentalis Helonias bullata Heracleum lanatum Heuchera pubescens Heuchera villosa Hexalectris spicata Hexastylis virginica Hibiscus laevis Hierochloe odorata

COMMON NAME
Showy Aster Cluster Fescue Queen-of-the-prairie Baldwin's Fimbristylis Carolina Fimbry Harper's Fimbristylis Hairy Fimbristylis Black Ash Smooth Fuirena Downy Milk Pea Northern Bedstraw Shining Bedstraw Coast Bedstraw Purple Bedstraw Small Bedstraw Creeping Snowberry Box Huckleberry Fringe-tip Closed Gentian Narrow-leaved Gentian Downy Gentian Striped Gentian Stiff Gentian Fringed Gentian Herb-robert Yellow Avens Rough Avens Sea Milkwort Sharp-scaled Mannagrass American Mannagrass Dwarf Rattlesnake-plantain Tesselated Rattlesnake-plantain Branching Hedge-hyssop Short's Hedge-hyssop Oak Fern Kentucky Coffee-tree Broad-leaved Beardgrass Sweet-scented Indian-plantain Hoary Frostweed Hirsute Sunflower Smooth Sunflower Small-headed Sunflower Mcdowell's Sunflower Swamp Pink Cow-parsnip Downy Heuchera Rough Heuchera Crested Coralroot Virginia Heartleaf Halberd-leaved Rose-mallow Holy Grass

Global Rank
G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G4 G2 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3 G5? G4G5 G4G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G3 G5 G4? G5 G5 G4 G5 G5

State Rank
S1 SU S1 S3 S1S2 S2 SU S3 S2S3 S3 S1 S3 S1 S3 SU S1 S1 S2 S3 SH S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S3 SH S1 S1 SH SH SH S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 SU S1 S1 S1 S2 S3 S3 SH SH S1 S3 S1

State Federal Status Status

E X E

E E

E E T X E E E E X E E X X X E E E E E E E T E LT

X X E E

12

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Honckenya peploides Hottonia inflata Houstonia serpyllifolia Houstonia tenuifolia Hudsonia ericoides Huperzia porophila Hybanthus concolor Hydrastis canadensis Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Hypericum adpressum Hypericum denticulatum Hypericum drummondii Hypericum ellipticum Hypericum gymnanthum Hypericum pyramidatum Ilex decidua Iresine rhizomatosa Iris cristata Iris prismatica Iris verna Iris virginica Isoetes engelmannii Isoetes riparia Isotria medeoloides Juglans cinerea Juncus articulatus Juncus balticus Juncus brachycarpus Juncus brachycephalus Juncus brevicaudatus Juncus caesariensis Juncus longii Juncus megacephalus Juncus militaris Juncus pelocarpus Juncus torreyi Juncus trifidus Juniperus communis Kalmia angustifolia Krigia biflora Krigia dandelion Kyllinga pumila Lachnanthes caroliana Lactuca hirsuta Larix laricina Lathyrus palustris Lathyrus venosus Lechea maritima Lechea tenuifolia Leersia hexandra

COMMON NAME
Sea-beach Sandwort Featherfoil Thyme-leaved Bluets Slender-leaved Bluets Golden-heather Rock Clubmoss Green Violet Goldenseal Large-leaved Waterleaf Creeping St. John's-wort Coppery St. John's-wort Drummond's St. John's-wort Pale St. John's-wort Clasping-leaved St. John's-wort Great St. John's-wort Deciduous Holly Bloodleaf Crested Iris Slender Blue Flag Dwarf Iris Virginia Blue Flag Appalachian Quillwort Riverbank Quillwort Small Whorled Pogonia Butternut Jointed Rush Baltic Rush Short-fruited Rush Small-headed Rush Narrow-panicled Rush New Jersey Rush Long's Rush Big-headed Rush Bayonet Rush Brown-fruited Rush Torrey's Rush Highland Rush Juniper Sheep-laurel Two-flowered Cynthia Potato Dandelion Thin-leaved Flatsedge Red-root Hairy Lettuce Larch Vetchling Peavine Veiny Pea Beach Pinweed Narrow-leaved Pinweed Club-headed Cutgrass

Global Rank
G5 G4 G4? G4G5 G4 G4 G5 G4 G5 G3 G5 G5 G5 G4 G4 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G4 G5? G2 G4 G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G2 G3Q G4G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5? G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5

State Rank
S1 S1 S3 S1 S1 SX S3 S2 S2 S1 S2 SH SU S3 SH S2 S1 S1 S1 S1 S3 S3 SU SH S2S3 S1 SH SU SH S2 S1 S1 SH SH S1 S1 S1 SH S3S4 S3 S1 S1 S1 SH S1 S1 S3 S3 SH S1

State Federal Status Status

E E

T T E T X

X E E E E

LT

X X E E X X E E E X

E E E X E E

X E

13

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Leersia lenticularis Lemna trisulca Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis Lespedeza frutescens Lespedeza stuevei Liatris spicata Liatris squarrosa Liatris turgida Ligusticum canadense Lilium philadelphicum Limnobium spongia Limosella australis Linnaea borealis Linum floridanum Linum intercursum Linum sulcatum Liparis liliifolia Liparis loeselii Lipocarpha micrantha Listera australis Listera cordata Listera smallii Lithospermum latifolium Litsea aestivalis Lobelia canbyi Lobelia elongata Lonicera canadensis Ludwigia brevipes Ludwigia decurrens Ludwigia glandulosa Ludwigia hirtella Lupinus perennis Lycopodiella caroliniana Lycopodiella inundata Lycopodium tristachyum Lycopus amplectens Lygodium palmatum Lysimachia hybrida Lysimachia lanceolata Lysimachia thyrsiflora Lythrum alatum Magnolia tripetala Malus angustifolia Manfreda virginica Marshallia grandiflora Matelea carolinensis Matelea decipiens Matelea gonocarpos Matelea obliqua Matteuccia struthiopteris

COMMON NAME
Catchfly-grass Star Duckweed Long-awned Diplachne Violet Bushclover Downy Bushclover Spiked Blazing-star Scaly Blazing-star Robust Blazing-star American Lovage Wood Lily American Frog's-bit Mudwort Twinflower Florida Yellow Flax Sandplain Flax Grooved Flax Large Twayblade Loesel's Twayblade Small-flowered Hemicarpha Southern Twayblade Heartleaf Twayblade Appalachian Twayblade American Gromwell Pondspice Canby's Lobelia Elongated Lobelia Canada Honeysuckle Creeping Ludwigia Primrose Willow Cylindric-fruited Seedbox Hairy Ludwigia Wild Lupine Carolina Clubmoss Bog Clubmoss Ground-cedar Sessile-leaved Water-horehound Climbing Fern Lowland Loosestrife Lance-leaved Loosestrife Tufted Loosestrife Winged Loosestrife Umbrella Magnolia Narrow-leaved Wild Crab False Aloe Large-flowered Barbara's Buttons Anglepod Old-field Milkvine Angular-fruited Milkvine Climbing Milkweed Ostrich Fern

Global Rank
G5 G5 G5T5 G5 G4? G5 G5 G3 G4 G5 G4 G4G5 G5 G5? G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G4 G4 G3 G4 G4G5 G5 G2G3 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5? G5 G2 G4 G5 G5 G4? G5

State Rank
S1 S1 SU S3 S3 S1 S1 SH SH SH S1 S2 SU SH S2 S1 S2S3 S1S2 S1 S3 SH S1 S1 S1 S1 S3 S1 SU S2S3 S1 S1 S2 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S2 S3 S1 S1 S3 S3 SU SU S1 SH S1? S1 S2

State Federal Status Status

E E

E X X X E E X X T E

E X E E E E E

E E T E

E T T E E

X E X E

14

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Mecardonia acuminata Melanthium latifolium Melanthium virginicum Melica mutica Melica nitens Melothria pendula Menyanthes trifoliata Micranthemum micranthemoides Milium effusum Minuartia caroliniana Minuartia glabra Minuartia michauxii Moehringia lateriflora Monarda clinopodia Monarda media Monotropsis odorata Morella caroliniensis Muhlenbergia capillaris Muhlenbergia glabrifloris Muhlenbergia glomerata Muhlenbergia sylvatica Muhlenbergia torreyana Myosotis macrosperma Myosotis verna Myriophyllum heterophyllum Myriophyllum tenellum Myriophyllum verticillatum Najas flexilis Najas gracillima Najas guadalupensis Napaea dioica Nelumbo lutea Nemopanthus mucronatus Nemophila aphylla Nymphoides aquatica Nymphoides cordata Oenothera argillicola Oldenlandia uniflora Oligoneuron rigidum Onosmodium molle Onosmodium virginianum Orthilia secunda Oryzopsis asperifolia Oxydendrum arboreum Oxypolis canbyi Packera antennariifolia Packera paupercula Panax quinquefolius Panicum flexile Panicum hemitomon

COMMON NAME
Erect Water-hyssop Broad-leaved Bunchflower Virginia Bunchflower Two-flowered Melicgrass Three-flowered Melicgrass Creeping Cucumber Buckbean Nuttall's Micranthemum Millet Grass Carolina Sandwort Mountain Sandwort Rock Sandwort Grove Sandwort Basal Bee-balm Purple Bergamot Sweet Pinesap Evergreen Bayberry Long-awned Hairgrass Hair Grass Marsh Muhly Woodland Dropseed Torrey's Dropseed Large-seeded Forget-me-not Spring Forget-me-not Broadleaf Water-milfoil Slender Water-milfoil Whorled Water-milfoil Slender Naiad Thread-like Naiad Southern Naiad Glade Mallow American Lotus Mountain Holly Small-flowered Baby-blue-eyes Larger Floating-heart Floating-heart Shale-barren Primrose Clustered Bluets Hard-leaved Goldenrod Shaggy False-gromwell Virginia False-gromwell One-sided Pyrola White-fruited Mountainrice Sourwood Canby's Dropwort Shale-barren Ragwort Balsam Ragwort Ginseng Wiry Witch-grass Maidencane

Global Rank
G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5? G5 GH G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G4? G3 G5 G5 G4? G5 G5 G3 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5? G5 G4 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3G4 G5 G5 G4G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G2 G4 G5 G3G4 G5 G5?

State Rank
S1 S1 S3 S1 S2 S1 S1 SH S3 S1 S1 S2 S1 S3 SU S1 S1 S1 SU SU S3 S1 S2S3 S3 S1 SH SU S3 SU S3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S1 S1 S3 S3 SH S1 S1 SH S2 S1 S1 S3 S3 S3 S1 S3

State Federal Status Status

E E T T E E X E E T E

E E E

X E

E E

X E E X T E E LE

15

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Panicum philadelphicum Parnassia asarifolia Paronychia virginica var. virginica Parthenium integrifolium Paspalum dissectum Paspalum fluitans Paxistima canbyi Pedicularis lanceolata Pellaea glabella Penstemon laevigatus Persea palustris Phacelia covillei Phacelia purshii Phalaris caroliniana Phaseolus polystachios Phegopteris connectilis Phlox glaberrima Phlox latifolia Phlox pilosa Photinia floribunda Phyllanthus caroliniensis Physalis virginiana Picea rubens Pilea fontana Piptatherum racemosum Plantago cordata Plantago pusilla Platanthera blephariglottis Platanthera ciliaris Platanthera cristata Platanthera flava Platanthera grandiflora Platanthera peramoena Platanthera psycodes Pleopeltis polypodioides Pluchea camphorata Poa alsodes Poa languida Poa palustris Poa saltuensis Podostemum ceratophyllum Pogonia ophioglossoides Polanisia dodecandra Polemonium vanbruntiae Polygala cruciata Polygala incarnata Polygala polygama Polygala senega Polygonum careyi Polygonum cilinode

COMMON NAME
Tuckerman's Panicgrass Kidneyleaf Grass-of-parnassus Yellow Nailwort American Feverfew Walter's Paspalum Floating Paspalum Canby's Mountain Lover Swamp Lousewort Smooth Cliffbrake Smooth Beardtongue Red Bay Coville's Phacelia Miami-mist May Grass Wild Bean Northern Beech Fern Smooth Phlox Mountain Phlox Downy Phlox Purple Chokeberry Carolina Leaf-flower Virginia Ground-cherry Red Spruce Coolwort Black-fruited Mountainrice Heart-leaved Plantain Slender Plantain White Fringed Orchid Yellow Fringed Orchid Crested Yellow Orchid Pale Green Orchid Large Purple Fringed Orchid Purple Fringeless Orchid Small Purple Fringed Orchid Resurrection Fern Marsh Fleabane Grove Meadow-grass Weak Speargrass Fowl Bluegrass Drooping Bluegrass Threadfoot Rose Pogonia Clammyweed Jacob's-ladder Cross-leaved Milkwort Pink Milkwort Racemed Milkwort Seneca Snakeroot Carey's Knotweed Fringed Bindweed

Global Rank
G5 G4 G4T1Q G5 G4? G5 G2 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3 G5 G5? G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G4G5Q G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G3G4Q G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3G4 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G4 G5

State Rank
SU S1 S1 S1 S2 S1 S1 S1 S1 S3 S1 S2 S3 SH S3 S2 S1 SH S1 S3 S3 S3 S3 S3 S2 SH SH S2 S2 S3 S2 S2 S1 SH S3 S1 S2 SU SH S1 S3 S3 S1 S2 S2 S2S3 S1 S2 SU S3

State Federal Status Status

E E E T E E E E E E X

E X E

T X X T T

T T X E

E T T T T

16

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Polygonum glaucum Polygonum ramosissimum Polygonum robustius Polygonum setaceum Porteranthus stipulatus Potamogeton amplifolius Potamogeton foliosus Potamogeton illinoensis Potamogeton natans Potamogeton perfoliatus Potamogeton pusillus Potamogeton richardsonii Potamogeton robbinsii Potamogeton spirillus Potamogeton zosteriformis Potentilla arguta Prenanthes autumnalis Prunus alleghaniensis Prunus maritima Prunus pumila Psoralea psoralioides Ptelea trifoliata Ptilimnium nodosum Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Pycnanthemum pycnanthemoides Pycnanthemum torrei Pycnanthemum verticillatum Pycnanthemum virginianum Pyrola virens Quercus macrocarpa Quercus prinoides Quercus shumardii Ranunculus allegheniensis Ranunculus ambigens Ranunculus carolinianus Ranunculus fascicularis Ranunculus flabellaris Ranunculus hederaceus Ranunculus laxicaulis Ranunculus pensylvanicus Ranunculus pusillus Ranunculus trichophyllus Rhododendron arborescens Rhododendron calendulaceum Rhododendron canescens Rhynchosia tomentosa Rhynchospora alba Rhynchospora cephalantha Rhynchospora globularis Rhynchospora glomerata

COMMON NAME
Seaside Knotweed Bushy Knotweed Stout Smartweed Bristly Smartweed American Ipecac Large-leaved Pondweed Leafy Pondweed Illinois Pondweed Floating Pondweed Clasping-leaved Pondweed Slender Pondweed Redheadgrass Robbins' Pondweed Spiral Pondweed Flatstem Pondweed Tall Cinquefoil Slender Rattlesnake-root Alleghany Plum Beach Plum Eastern Dwarf Cherry False Scurf-pea Wafer-ash Harperella Basil Mountain-mint Southern Mountain-mint Torrey's Mountain-mint Whorled Mountain-mint Virginia Mountain-mint Greenish-flowered Pyrola Mossy-cup Oak Dwarf Chestnut Oak Shumard's Oak Mountain Crowfoot Water-plantain Spearwort Carolina Buttercup Early Buttercup Yellow Water-crowfoot Long-stalked Crowfoot Mississippi Buttercup Bristly Crowfoot Low Spearwort White Water-crowfoot Smooth Azalea Flame Azalea Hoary Azalea Hairy Snoutbean White Beakrush Capitate Beakrush Grass-like Beakrush Clustered Beakrush

Global Rank
G3 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G4 G4 G5 G4? G5 G2 G2 G5 G2 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G4 G5T5 G5 G5 G5 G5? G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5? G5

State Rank
S1 SH SU SU SH SH S1 S1 SU S2 S1 SH SH S1 S1 SU S1 S2 S1 SU SX S3 S1 SH SH S1 S1 S2 SH S1 S3 S2 S3 SH SU S1 S1 S1 SU SH SU S1 S3 S1 SU S2 S3 S1 S1 S3

State Federal Status Status

E X X X X E

X X E E T E

E X E E X

LE

T X X E E E X E

T E E

17

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Rhynchospora harperi Rhynchospora inundata Rhynchospora microcephala Rhynchospora nitens Rhynchospora oligantha Rhynchospora pallida Rhynchospora rariflora Rhynchospora recognita Rhynchospora scirpoides Rhynchospora torreyana Ribes americanum Ribes cynosbati Ribes glandulosum Ribes hirtellum Rosa blanda Rudbeckia fulgida Rudbeckia triloba Ruellia humilis Ruellia purshiana Ruellia strepens Rumex altissimus Rumex hastatulus Sabatia campanulata Sabatia difformis Sabatia dodecandra Saccharum alopecuroidum Saccharum baldwinii Saccharum contortum Sacciolepis striata Sagittaria australis Sagittaria calycina Sagittaria engelmanniana Sagittaria graminea Sagittaria rigida Sagittaria subulata Salix bebbiana Salix caroliniana Salix discolor Salix exigua Salix humilis var. tristis Salix lucida Salvia urticifolia Sanguisorba canadensis Sanicula marilandica Sanicula trifoliata Sarracenia purpurea Saxifraga micranthidifolia Schizachne purpurascens Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Schoenoplectus novae-angliae

COMMON NAME
Harper's Beakrush Drowned Hornedrush Tiny-headed Beakrush Short-beaked Baldrush Few-flowered Beaked-rush Pale Beakrush Few-flowered Beakrush Globe Beaksedge Long-beaked Baldrush Torrey's Beakrush Wild Black Currant Prickly Gooseberry Skunk Currant Low Wild Gooseberry Smooth Rose Orange Coneflower Thin-leaved Coneflower Hairy Wild-petunia Pursh's Ruellia Rustling Wild-petunia Tall Dock Engelmann's Dock Slender Marsh Pink Lance-leaved Sabatia Large Marsh Pink Woolly Beardgrass Narrow Plumegrass Bent-awn Plumegrass Sacciolepis Long-beaked Arrowhead Spongy Lophotocarpus Engelmann's Arrowhead Grass-leaved Arrowhead Sessile-fruited Arrowhead Subulate Arrowhead Bebb's Willow Carolina Willow Pussy Willow Sandbar Willow Dwarf Prairie Willow Shining Willow Nettle-leaved Sage Canada Burnet Sanicle Three-leaved Snakeroot Northern Pitcher-plant Lettuce-leaved Saxifrage Purple Oat Canby's Bulrush Salt-marsh Bulrush

Global Rank
G4? G4? G5 G4? G4 G3 G5 G5? G4 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G5? G5 G5 G5 G5 GNRQ G5 G5? G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5T4T5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G3G4 G5

State Rank
S1 S1 S2 S1 SH SH SU S2 S2 S2 SH S3 S3 S1 S1 S3 S3 S1 S1 S1 S1 SU S1 S1 S3 S1? S1 S3S4 S1 SU S2 S2 SU S1 SU SH S3 SU S1 S1 SH SX S2 S3 S3 S2 S3 S1 S1 S2

State Federal Status Status

T E E X X X T T X

E E E E E E

E E

T E X

E X X T

T E E

18

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Schoenoplectus smithii Schoenoplectus subterminalis Schoenoplectus torreyi Schwalbea americana Scirpus ancistrochaetus Scirpus expansus Scirpus pendulus Scleria minor Scleria muehlenbergii Scleria nitida Scleria pauciflora Scleria reticularis Scleria triglomerata Scleria verticillata Sclerolepis uniflora Scrophularia lanceolata Scutellaria galericulata Scutellaria incana Scutellaria leonardii Scutellaria nervosa Scutellaria ovata Scutellaria parvula Scutellaria saxatilis Scutellaria serrata Sedum glaucophyllum Sesuvium maritimum Sida hermaphrodita Silene nivea Silphium trifoliatum Sisyrinchium fuscatum (arenicola) Smilacina stellata Smilax bona-nox Smilax ecirrata Smilax pseudochina Solidago arguta var. arguta Solidago arguta var. harrisii Solidago curtisii Solidago hispida Solidago latissimifolia Solidago patula Solidago roanensis Solidago rupestris Solidago simplex var. racemosa Solidago speciosa Solidago stricta Solidago uliginosa Sorbus americana Sorghastrum elliottii Sparganium androcladum Sparganium erectum

COMMON NAME
Smith's Clubrush Water Clubrush Torrey's Clubrush Chaffseed Northeastern Bulrush Wood Bulrush Pendulous Bulrush Slender Nutrush Muhelenberg's Nutrush Shining Nutrush Papillose Nutrush Reticulated Nutrush Tall Nutrush Whorled Nutrush Pink Bog-button Hare Figwort Common Skullcap Downy Skullcap Leonard's Skullcap Veined Skullcap Heart-leaved Skullcap Small Skullcap Rock Skullcap Showy Skullcap Cliff Stonecrop Sea-purslane Virginia Mallow Snowy Campion Three-leaved Rosinweed Coastal Plain Blue-eyed Grass Star-flowered False Solomon's-seal Bullbrier Upright Smilax Halberd-leaved Greenbrier Late Goldenrod Cut-leaved Goldenrod Curtis' Goldenrod Hairy Goldenrod Elliott's Goldenrod Sharp-leaved Goldenrod Mountain Goldenrod Rock Goldenrod Riverbank Goldenrod Showy Goldenrod Wandlike Goldenrod Bog Goldenrod American Mountain-ash Long-bristled Indian-grass Branching Bur-reed Green-fruited Bur-reed

Global Rank
G5? G4G5 G5? G2G3 G3 G4 G5 G4 G5 GNR G5 G4 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G4 G3 G4G5 G4 G5 G3 G4? G4? G5? G5 G5 G5? G4G5 G5T4T5 G5T4 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G4? G5T3? G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G5

State Rank
SU S1 SH SX S1 S3 S3 S1 S1S2 S1 S3 S2S3 S1S2 S1 S2 S3 S1 S3 S2 S1 S3 SH S1 S3 S1 S1 S1 S1 S3 S1 S1 S3 SU S2 S1? S3 S1 SH S3 S3 S1? SH S1 S2 SU S3 S3 S1 S3 S3

State Federal Status Status

X E X X E LE LE

E E

E T

T E X E E E E E E E

E X

E X T T

19

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Sparganium eurycarpum Spermacoce glabra Sphenopholis pensylvanica Spiraea betulifolia Spiranthes laciniata Spiranthes lucida Spiranthes ochroleuca Spiranthes odorata Spiranthes praecox Spiranthes tuberosa Sporobolus asper Sporobolus clandestinus Sporobolus heterolepis Sporobolus neglectus Stachys aspera Stachys hyssopifolia Stachys latidens Stachys nuttallii Stellaria alsine Stenanthium gramineum Stenanthium leimanthoides Streptopus roseus Suaeda linearis Symphoricarpos albus Symphyotrichum concolor Symphyotrichum depauperatum Symphyotrichum drummondii Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum Symphyotrichum praealtum Symphyotrichum shortii Symplocos tinctoria Taenidia montana Talinum teretifolium Taxus canadensis Tephrosia spicata Thaspium trifoliatum Thelypteris simulata Thuja occidentalis Tillandsia usneoides Tofieldia racemosa Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii Trachelospermum difforme Trautvetteria caroliniensis Triadenum tubulosum Trichophorum planifolium Trichostema brachiatum Trichostema setaceum Tridens flavus var. chapmanii Trifolium reflexum

COMMON NAME
Broad-fruited Bur-reed Buttonweed Swamp-oats Corymbed Spiraea Lace-lip Ladys' Tresses Wide-leaved Ladys' Tresses Yellow Nodding Ladys' Tresses Sweet-scented Ladys' Tresses Grass-leaved Ladys' Tresses Little Ladys' Tresses Long-leaved Rushgrass Rough Rushgrass Northern Dropseed Small Rushgrass Rough Hedge-nettle Hyssop-leaved Hedge-nettle Broad-toothed Hedge-nettle Nuttall's Hedge-nettle Trailing Stitchwort Featherbells Death-camas Rose Twisted-stalk Tall Sea-blite Snowberry Silvery Aster Serpentine Aster Drummond Aster Steele's Aster Willow Aster Short's Aster Sweetleaf Mountain Pimpernel Fameflower American Yew Southern Goat's Rue Purple Meadow-parsnip Bog Fern Arbor-vitae Spanish Moss Coastal False Asphodel Pale Mannagrass Fernald's Mannagrass Climbing Dogbane Carolina Tassel-rue Large Marsh St. John's-wort Bashful Bulrush False Pennyroyal Narrow-leaved Bluecurls Chapman's Redtop Buffalo Clover

Global Rank
G5 G4G5 G4 G5 G4G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4? G4G5 G4G5 G5? G5 G4G5 G4Q G5 G5 G5 G5 G2 G5 G5T4 G5 G5 G5 G3 G4 G5 G4G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G5T5? G5T4Q G4G5 G5 G4? G4G5 G5 G5 G5T3 G3G4

State Rank
S3 S1 S2 S3 SU S1 S1 SH S1 S3 S1 S2 S1 S1? S1 SU S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1S2 S3 S1 S1 S1 S1 SH S1 S3 S3 S2 S1 S2 S1 S1 S2 S1 SX SX S3 S1 S1 S3 S1 S2S3 S3 S1 S1 SH

State Federal Status Status

E T

E E X

T E X E

E T T T E E X

T T T E E T T X

20

2010 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants of Maryland

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Trifolium virginicum Triglochin striata Trillium cernuum Trillium flexipes Trillium nivale Trillium pusillum (var. virginianum) Triosteum angustifolium Triphora trianthophora Typha domingensis Utricularia cornuta Utricularia inflata Utricularia purpurea Utricularia resupinata Utricularia striata Utricularia subulata Uvularia grandiflora Vaccinium macrocarpon Vaccinium myrtilloides Vaccinium oxycoccos Valeriana pauciflora Valerianella chenopodiifolia Valerianella umbilicata Vernonia gigantea Veronica scutellata Viburnum lentago Vicia americana Viola appalachiensis Viola blanda var. palustriformis Viola rostrata Viola septentrionalis Vitis cinerea Vitis novae-angliae Vitis rupestris Wolffia columbiana Wolffia papulifera Wolffia punctata Wolffiella floridana Woodsia ilvensis Xyris fimbriata Xyris smalliana Zanthoxylum americanum Zephyranthes atamasca Zizaniopsis miliacea Zizia aurea

COMMON NAME
Kate's-mountain Clover Three-ribbed Arrow-grass Nodding Trillium Drooping Trillium Snow Trillium Dwarf Trillium Narrow-leaved Horse-gentian Nodding Pogonia Southern Cattail Horned Bladderwort Swollen Bladderwort Purple Bladderwort Reversed Bladderwort Fibrous Bladderwort Zig-zag Bladderwort Large-flowered Bellwort Large Cranberry Velvetleaf Blueberry Small Cranberry Valerian Goose-foot Cornsalad Tall Cornsalad Giant Ironweed Marsh Speedwell Nannyberry Purple Vetch Appalachian Blue Violet Large-leaved White Violet Long-spurred Violet Northern Blue Violet Graybark New England Grape Sand Grape Columbian Water-meal Water-meal Dotted Water-meal Wolffiella Rusty Woodsia Fringed Yelloweyed-grass Small's Yelloweyed-grass Northern Prickly-ash Atamasco Lily Southern Wildrice Golden Alexanders

Global Rank
G3 G5 G5 G5 G4 G3T2 G5 G3G4 G4G5 G5 G5 G5 G4 G4G5 G5 G5 G4 G5 G5 G4 G5 G3G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G3 G4G5T4T5 G5 G5 G4G5 G4G5Q G3 G5 G4 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G5 G4G5 G5 G5

State Rank
S2S3 S1 S3 S1 S1 S2 S1 S1 S3 SH S1 S1 S1 S1 S3 S1 S3 S3 S2 S1 S1 SH SU S1 S1 SU S2 S1 S3 SU SU SH S1 S3 S2 S2 SH S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S1 S3

State Federal Status Status

T E E E T E E

E T E E

T E E X E X

X T E E E E E

21

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland APPENDIX I CHANGES TO STATE RANKS AND STATUSES SINCE LAST PUBLISHED LIST (November 2007)
Current Rank
SH S4 S4 S2? SE S4 S1? S1S2 S3 S1 S2? S1? S1 SRF SRF S4 SR S2S3 S1S2 SRF SE S2 SH SNA SU SH SU S1 S2 SU S2 S1S2 S2S3 SH S1 S5 S3

Scientific Name
Agalinis fasciculata Amelanchier obovalis Aristida curtissii Axonopus furcatus Azolla caroliniana Bidens discoidea Bromus ciliatus Bromus nottowayanus Chimaphila umbellata Desmodium cuspidatum Dichanthelium aciculare Dichanthelium laxiflorum Dryopteris clintoniana Eleocharis fallax Eleocharis flavescens Fraxinus profunda Juncus polycephalus Liparis liliifolia Liparis loeselii Lobelia glandulosa Passiflora incarnata Phacelia covillei Platanthera psycodes Polygonum densiflorum Polygonum robustius Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Ranunculus carolinianus Ranunculus hederaceus Rhynchospora microcephala Rhynchospora rariflora Rhynchospora recognita Scleria muehlenbergii Scleria reticularis Solidago rupestris Stenanthium leimanthoides Symphyotrichum lowrieanum Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida

Common Name
Fascicled Gerardia Coastal Juneberry Curtiss' Three-awn Big Carpet Grass Mosquito Fern Swamp Beggar-ticks Fringed Brome Nottoway's Brome Prince's Pine Large-bracted Tick-trefoil Bristling Panicgrass Lax-flowered Witchgrass Clintons Wood-fern Creeping Spikerush Pale Spikerush Pumpkin Ash Many-headed Rush Large Twayblade Loesel's Twayblade Glandular Lobelia Purple Passionflower Coville's Phacelia Small Purple Fringed Orchid Dense-flowered Knotweed Stout Smartweed Basil Mountain-mint Carolina Buttercup Long-stalked Crowfoot Tiny-headed Beakrush Few-flowered Beakrush Globe Beaksedge Muhelenberg's Nutrush Reticulated Nutrush Rock Goldenrod Death-camas Lowrie's Aster Pale Mannagrass

Former Rank
S1 SR SU SU SU S3 SU SU S1? SU SU SU S1 S3 S1 S2S3 SU NEW S3 SU SU S1 SU S1? S1? S1S2 S1? S1 S2S3 S1 NEW NEW S2 S1 NEW S3 S1S2

State Status
-

Former Status
E

X X

E X X X E X

X E X X X X

22

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland APPENDIX II CROSS REFERENCE OF PLANT SYNONYM NAMES
Synonym Name
Agalinis decemloba Agalinis virgata Agave virginica Agropyron trachycaulum Amelanchier spicata Ammannia teres Anemone virginiana var riparia Arabis perstellata var shortii Arctostaphylos alpina Arctostaphylos rubra Arenaria caroliniana Arenaria groenlandica var glabra Arenaria lateriflora Arenaria peploides Arenaria stricta Aristida purpurascens var virgata Aristolochia durior Armoracia aquatica Arnoglossum muehlenbergii Aronia prunifolia Asarum virginicum Asplenium cryptolepis Aster concinnus Aster concolor Aster depauperatus Aster drummondii Aster infirums Aster laevis var. concinnus Aster nemoralis Aster praealtus Aster radula Aster shortii Aster spectabilis Aster steeleorum Athyrium pycnocarpon Bacopa acuminata Bacopa stragula Botrychium dissectum forma oneidense Botrychium lanceolatum Cacalia suaveolens Calopogon pulchellus Carex amphibola var. amphibolia Fernald Carex aquatilis var substricta Carex brevior, in part. Carex cephalantha

Current Name
Agalinis obtusifolia Agalinis fasciculata Manfreda virginica Elymus trachycaulus Amelanchier stolonifera Ammannia latifolia Anemone riparia Arabis shortii Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Minuartia caroliniana Minuartia glabra Moehringia lateriflora Honckenya peploides Minuartia michauxii Aristida virgata Aristolochia macrophylla Armoracia lacustris Cacalia muehlenbergii Photinia floribunda Hexastylis virginica Asplenium ruta-muraria Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum Symphyotrichum concolor Symphyotrichum depauperatum Symphyotrichum drummondii Doellingeria infirma Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum Oclemena nemoralis Symphyotrichum praealtum Eurybia radula Symphyotrichum shortii Eurybia spectabilis Symphyotrichum laeve var. concinnum Diplazium pycnocarpon Mecardonia acuminata Bacopa innominata Botrychium oneidense Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. angustisegmentum Hasteola suaveolens Calopogon tuberosus Carex planispicata Carex aquatilis Carex molesta Carex echinata

23

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland

APPENDIX II

Synonym Name
Carex copulata Carex crinita var. mitchelliana Carex filiformis Carex lanuginosa Carex pensylvanica var. distans Carex ritchii Cassia fasciculata var macrosperma Centunculus minimus Ceratophyllum echinatum Chenopodium hybridum var gigantospermum Chenopodium hybridum var standleyanum Cimicifuga americana Clematis verticillaris Convolvulus spithamaeus Coptis groenlandica Cymophyllus fraseri Cyperus aristatus Cyperus inflexus Cyperus tenuifolius Dichanthelium aciculare var. aciculare Digitaria filiformis var villosa Dioscorea villosa var hirticaulis Diplachne fascicularis Dryopteris cristata var clintoniana Dryopteris disjuncta Dryopteris spinulosa var americana Eleocharis calva Epilobium glandulosum var adenocaulon Eragrostis virginica Erianthus alopecuroides Erianthus contortus Erianthus strictus Eriocaulon septangulare Eupatoriadelphus maculatus Euphorbia vermiculata Euthamia minor Festuca shortii Fimbristylis baldwiniana Galax urceolata Gentiana crinita Gentiana puberula Gentiana quinquefolia Gerardia auriculata Gerardia laevigata Gillenia stipulata Glyceria fernaldii Glyceria pallida Habenaria blephariglottis Habenaria ciliaris Habenaria cristata

Current Name
Carex laxiculmis var. copulata Carex mitchelliana Carex lasiocarpa Carex pellita Carex lucorum Carex straminea Chamaecrista fasciculata var. macrosperma Anagallis minima Ceratophyllum echinatum Chenopodium gigantospermum Chenopodium standleyanum Actaea podocarpa Clematis occidentalis Calystegia spithamaea Coptis trifolia Cymophyllus fraserianus Cyperus squarrosus Cyperus squarrosus Kyllinga pumila Dichanthelium aciculare Digitaria villosa Dioscorea hirticaulis Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis Dryopteris clintoniana Gymnocarpium dryopteris Dryopteris campyloptera Eleocharis erythropoda Epilobium ciliatum Eragrostis refracta Saccharum alopecuroidum Saccharum contortum Saccharum baldwinii Eriocaulon aquaticum Eupatorium maculatum Chamaesyce vermiculata Euthamia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia Festuca paradoxa Fimbristylis annua Galax aphylla Gentianopsis crinita Gentiana puberulenta Gentianella quinquefolia Agalinis auriculata Aureolaria laevigata Porteranthus stipulatus Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii Torreyochloa pallida var. pallida Platanthera blephariglottis Platanthera ciliaris Platanthera cristata

24

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland

APPENDIX II

Synonym Name
Habenaria fimbriata Habenaria flava Habenaria grandiflora Habenaria peramoena Habenaria psycodes Habenaria psycodes var. grandiflora Habenaria viridis var bracteata Hedyotis michauxii Hedyotis uniflora Hemicarpha micrantha Heracleum maximum Hibiscus militaris Hypericum ascyron Hypericum tubulosum Isanthus brachiatus Jussiaea decurrens Lachnanthes caroliniana Leptochloa fascicularis Limosella subulata Lophotocarpus calycina Lycopodium carolinianum Lycopodium inundatum Lycopodium porophilum Maianthemum stellatum Manisuris rugosa Melanthium hybridum Myrica heterophylla Nemophila microcalyx Nymphaea tuberosa Onosmodium hispidissimum Orbexilum pedunculatum var psoralioides Oryzopsis racemosa Pachistima canbyi Panicum aciculare Panicum angustifolium Panicum boreale Panicum ensifolium Panicum laxiflorum Panicum leucothrix Panicum oligosanthes Panicum ravenelii Panicum scabriusculum Panicum tuckermanii Panicum wrightianum Persea borbonia Phlox ovata Polemonium van-bruntiae Polygonum opelousanum

Current Name
Platanthera grandiflora Platanthera flava Platanthera grandiflora Platanthera peramoena Platanthera psycodes Platanthera grandiflora Coeloglossum viride Houstonia serpyllifolia Oldenlandia uniflora Lipocarpha micrantha Heracleum lanatum Hibiscus laevis Hypericum pyramidatum Triadenum tubulosum Trichostema brachiatum Ludwigia decurrens Lachnanthes caroliana Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis Limosella australis Sagittaria calycina Lycopodiella caroliniana Lycopodiella inundata Huperzia porophila Smilacina stellata Coelorachis rugosa Melanthium latifolium Morella caroliniensis Nemophila aphylla Nymphaea odorata ssp. tuberosa Onosmodium molle Psoralea psoralioides Piptatherum racemosum Paxistima canbyi Dichanthelium aciculare Dichanthelium aciculare Dichanthelium boreale Dichanthelium dichotomum var. ensifolium Dichanthelium laxiflorum Dichanthelium leucothrix Dichanthelium oligosanthes Dichanthelium ravenelii Dichanthelium scabriusculum Panicum philadelphicum Dichanthelium wrightianum Persea palustris Phlox latifolia Polemonium vanbruntiae Polygonum hydropiperoides var. opelousanum

25

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland

APPENDIX II

Synonym Name
Polypodium polypodioides Pseudotaenidia montana Psilocarya nitens Psilocarya scirpoides Pteretis pensylvanica Ptilimnium fluviatile Puccinellia fernaldii Puccinellia pallida Pyrola chlorantha Pyrola secunda Ranunculus aquatilis Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus Rhynchospora globularis (in part) Rhynchospora globularis var. recognita Rumex floridanus Saccharum alopecuroides Saccharum brevibarbe var. contortum Sagittaria longirostra Sagittaria spathulata Salix humilis Salix humilis var microphylla Salix interior Scirpus acutus Scirpus cylindricus Scirpus etuberculatus Scirpus maritimus var fernaldi Scirpus smithii Scirpus subterminalis Scirpus torreyi Scirpus verecundus Scleria reticularis (in part) Scleria reticularis var. pubescens Scutellaria epilobiifolia Scutellaria parvula var leonardii Senecio antennarifolius Senecio pauperculus Senna marilandica Silphium asteriscus Sisyrinchium arenicola Smilax tamnifolia Solidago elliottii Solidago microcephala Solidago racemosa Solidago rigida Solidago spathulata Solidago tarda Spiraea corymbosa Spiranthes cernua var ochroleuca Stachys cordata Stachys hyssopifolia var ambigua

Current Name
Pleopeltis polypodioides Taenidia montana Rhynchospora nitens Rhynchospora scirpoides Matteuccia struthiopteris Ptilimnium nodosum Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii Torreyochloa pallida Pyrola virens Orthilia secunda Ranunculus trichophyllus Ranunculus carolinianus Rhynchospora recognita Rhynchospora recognita Rumex verticillatus Saccharum alopecuroidum Saccharum contortum Sagittaria australis Sagittaria calycina Salix humilis var. tristis Salix humilis var. tristis Salix exigua Schoenoplectus acutus Schoenoplectus novae-angliae Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Schoenoplectus novae-angliae Schoenoplectus smithii Schoenoplectus subterminalis Schoenoplectus torreyi Trichophorum planifolium Scleria muehlenbergii Scleria muehlenbergii Scutellaria galericulata Scutellaria leonardii Packera antennariifolia Packera paupercula Cassia marilandica Silphium trifoliatum Sisyrinchium fuscatum Smilax pseudochina Solidago latissimifolia Euthamia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia Solidago simplex var. racemosa Oligoneuron rigidum Solidago simplex var. racemosa Solidago arguta var. arguta Spiraea betulifolia Spiranthes ochroleuca Stachys nuttallii Stachys aspera

26

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland

APPENDIX II

Synonym Name
Stachys riddellii Stachys tenuifolia var latidens Synosma suaveolens Thelypteris phegopteris Tillaea aquatica Tomanthera auriculata Tridens chapmanii Trisetum pensylvanicum Utricularia fibrosa Utricularia gibba Vernonia altissima Viola incognita Xanthoxylum americanum

Current Name
Stachys nuttallii Stachys latidens Hasteola suaveolens Phegopteris connectilis Crassula aquatica Agalinis auriculata Tridens flavus var. chapmanii Sphenopholis pensylvanica Utricularia striata Utricularia biflora Vernonia gigantea Viola blanda var. palustriformis Zanthoxylum americanum

27

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland APPPENDIX III

PLANT SPECIES UNDER REVIEW FOR INCLUSION ON LIST GLOBAL RANK G4 G5 G4? G5 G5 G5 STATE RANK S? S? S? S? S? S?

SCIENTIFIC NAME Desmodium fernaldii Gaylussacia dumosa Hypericum virgatum Rhamnus alnifolia Rhynchospora inexpansa Spartina pectinata

COMMON NAME Fernald's tick-trefoil Dwarf Huckleberry Coppery St. Johnswort Alderleaf Buckthorn Nodding Beakrush Fresh Water Cordgrass

28

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland APPENDIX IV PLANT SPECIES REPORTED, FALSELY REPORTED, OR POTENTIALLY OCCURRING IN MARYLAND
The following species do not regularly occur in Maryland based on currently available information. Although not exhaustive, the list is included to provide clarification for those species whose rank in Maryland may be unclear due to conflicting reports or vague published accounts. For those species with a rank of SR, only unverified reports exist. Species with a rank of SRF have been falsely reported, and the error may persist in the literature. The list is also provided to bring attention to those species that potentially occur in Maryland (SP) and, if documented, their presence could have significant conservation value. SCIENTIFIC NAME
Aconitum reclinatum Agalinis linifolia Anemone riparia Carex foenea Carex novae-angliae Carex retrorsa Carex rostrata Carex verrucosa Collinsonia verticillata Corydalis aurea Crataegus flabellata Croton monanthogynus Diarrhena americana Eleocharis fallax Eleocharis flavescens Elymus trachycaulus Galax aphylla Juncus polycephalus Lobelia glandulosa Lycopodium sabinifolium Narthecium americanum Paspalum boscianum Poa chapmaniana Populus balsamifera Quercus laurifolia Rhexia aristosa Rhynchospora knieskernii Sagittaria teres Spigelia marilandica Stachys clingmanii Streptopus amplexifolius Thalictrum dasycarpum Thalictrum macrostylum Thalictrum subrotundum Tofieldia glutinosa Triglochin maritima Trillium pusillum var. pusillum Verbesina virginica

COMMON NAME
White Monkshood Flax-leaved Gerardia Large White Anemone Dry-spike Sedge New England Sedge Retrorse Sedge Beaked Sedge A Sedge Whorled Horse-balm Golden Corydalis A Hawthorn Prairie-tea Twin Oats Creeping Spikerush Pale Spikerush Slender Wild Rye Galax Many-headed Rush Glandular Lobelia Ground-fir Bog Asphodel Bull Paspalum Chapman Bluegrass Balsam Poplar Laurel-leaved Oak Awned Meadow-beauty Knieskerns Beaksedge Slender Arrowhead Indian-pink Clingman's Hedge-nettle White Mandarin Purple Meadowrue Piedmont Meadowrue Reclined Meadowrue False Asphodel Seaside Arrow-grass Least Trillium White Crownbeard

STATE RANK
SRF SP SRF SRF SRF SP SRF SRF SR SR SRF SR SRF SRF SRF SR SR SR SRF SRF SRF SR SR SRF SRF SRF SRF SRF SRF SRF SR SRF SRF SRF SR SR SRF SRF

29

2010 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants of Maryland

APPENDIX IV

SCIENTIFIC NAME
Xerophyllum asphodeloides

COMMON NAME
Eastern Turkeybeard

STATE RANK
SRF

30

Maryland Department of Natural Resources Wildlife and Heritage Service Natural Heritage Program

580 Taylor Ave E-1 Annapolis MD 21401 www.dnr.state.md.us Martin OMalley Governor Anthony G. Brown Lt. Governor John R. Griffin Secretary Joseph P. Gill Deputy Secretary

The facilities and services of the Maryland Department of Natural resources are available to all without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, national origin or physical or mental disability. This document is available in an alternative format upon request from a qualified individual with a disability.