Demography

Cristbal Marn
I.E.S. FERNANDO III EL SANTO / PROYECTO BILINGE A.N.L.: GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
1

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

OUTLINE

ASPECTOS LINGSTICOS VOCABULARY

1 - DEMOGRAPHY, POPULATION AND ITS
EVOLUTION
DEMOGRAPHY
POPULATION
EVOLUTION OF THE WORLD
POPULATION
ACTIVITIES
2 - POPULATION DENSITY AND
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
DEFINITIONS
HOW DO WE CALCULATE
POPULATION DENSITY
FACTORS THAT AFFECT
POPULATION DENSITY
ACTIVITIES
3 - BIRTH RATE, DEATH RATE AND LIFE
EXPECTANCY
WHAT IS BIRTH RATE?
WHAT IS DEATH RATE?
ACTIVITIES
4 - NATURAL GROWTH AND
OVERPOPULATION
WHAT IS NATURAL GROWTH?
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS
CAUSED BY POPULATION
GROWTH?
OVERPOPULATION
ACTIVITIES
5 MIGRATIONS
WHAT IS MIGRATIONS?
NET MIGRATIONS RATE
ACTIVITIES
6 POPULATION PYRAMIDS
DEFINITION
MAIN TYPES OF POPULATION
PYRAMIDS
ACTIVITY
7 VOCABULARY

TO BE
PRESENTE SIMPLE.
HAVE GOT
PARTCULAS
INTERROGATIVAS
THERE IS /THERE ARE
ADVERBIOS DE
FRECUENCIA
PRONOMBRES OBJETO
PRONOMBRES SUJETO
EL POSESIVO S

AGEING POPULATION
BIRTH RATE
DEATH RATE
DEMOGRAPHY
DENSELY POPULATED
AREAS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
EMIGRANT
EPIDEMICS
HIGH / LOW RATES
IMMIGRANT
INHABITANTS
LIFE EXPECTANCY
NATURAL GROWTH RATE
NET MIGRATION RATE
OVERPOPULATION
POPULATION DENSITY
POPULATION GROWTH
POPULATION PYRAMID
POSITIVE/NEGATIVE
GROWTH
SPARSELY POPULATED
AREAS
YOUNG POPULATION
PHOETICS

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] ]] ]] ] ] ] ] ]] ] : :: :] ]] ] ] ]] ] ] ]] ]

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UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

1 DEMOGRAPHY, POPULATION AND ITS EVOLUTION

Demography is the study of the size, structure and development of human populations. The person that
studies different aspects of population is called a demographer.

Population refers to the
number of people who live
in a particular area.

Evolution of the world
population. Today the
world population is about
6.500 million people. It grew
slowly until 19
th
century
because there were a lot of
epidemics and people died
from hunger. After that it
grew faster, first in the
developed countries and
then in the developing
countries. Advances in
medicine, nutrition, hygiene
and improvements in
agriculture made the people
live longer.

Activities:
- What is demography?
- What made people die?
- What made the population live longer?

Image from: http://www.dipucadiz.es/opencms/export/sites/default/dipucadiz/multimedia/galeriaImagenes/population.jpg
Images from: http://www.corbisimages.com/images/42-15261984.jpg?size=67&uid=0469DEF6-786E-4294-BFE4-67FDD7E847A2; http://www.imta.gob.mx/gaceta/anteriores/g11-03-2008/images/gaceta11-riego-
drenaje-f3.jpg; http://www.vectorvalley.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/medical_icons.jpg; http://www.floatingbanana.com/artbackwash/Merck_Food.gif

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UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

number of inhabitants
area (in square kilometres (km
2
)

2 POPULATION DENSITY AND POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

Definitions
The worlds population is not distributed equally; some areas have a high
population density (they are densely populated areas), and other have a low
population density (they are sparsely populated areas).

How do we calculate population density?
Population density (P.D.) is the average number of people that live in a certain
area.

P.D.=

Factors that affect population density
There are some factors that affect population density, some of them are:

- Climate: mild climate and enough rain attract people. On the contrary, in
places such as deserts, high mountains or with a very cold climate, it is very
difficult to live.
- Terrain: flat areas with fertile soil are good for agriculture and farming.
- Natural resources (wood, minerals, water, etc.) are necessary to live.
- Political and economic factors. People prefer to live in a peaceful and developed place. Also urban areas
are more densely populated.

Activities:
- What is population density?
- How is the worlds population distributed?
- Places with a low population density are called .
- How does climate affect population distribution?
- What are the best places to live in?

Images from: http://menos50dkp.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/art302.jpg;
http://thecompassedge.net/archives/firewood.jpg

Image from: http://www.spearheadresearch.org/images/map_4.JPG

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UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

number of births in a year * 1000
total population for the year

number of deaths in a year * 1000
total population for the year

3 BIRTH RATE, DEATH RATE AND LIFE EXPECTANCY

What is birth rate?

Birth Rate (B.R.) is the number of children born in a year for very
thousand people.

B.R. =

The result figure is expressed in per thousand. In general, birth rates
are higher in poor countries than in developed countries. More children
means more help for the family.

What is death rate?

Death (or mortality) Rate (D.R.) is the number of people who die
in a year for every thousand people.

D.R. =

The result is expressed in per thousand. Death rate was high
until 19
th
century in developed countries, and until 20
th
century in
poor countries. Now people live longer (they have a higher life
expectancy *) because they have better healthcare and nutrition. But death rate is still high in poor and
developing countries.
*Life expectancy refers to the years somebody will probably live. It depends on the place somebody is born.

Activities:
- Birth rate measures the children .......
- What is life expectancy?
- How is the death rate in poor countries?

Image from: http://www.alphakilo.net/photoblog/images/20070602091207_graveyard.jpg

Image from: http://www.javno.com/slike/slike_3/r1/g2009/m02/y195502550828843.jpg

Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/c/c5/20080224035914!Birth_rate_figures_for_countries.PNG; http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/d/d7/20061127100806!Death_rate_world_map.PNG

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UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

4 NATURAL GROWTH AND OVERPOPULATION

What is natural growth?

Natural growth rate (N.G.R.) is the difference between the
number of births and the number of deaths in a population.

N.G.R. = number of births number of deaths

What are the problems caused by population growth?

If a population grows very quickly, it can be a problem if the
resources they need to live do not grow at the same time.

Overpopulation occurs when population grow faster than the
resources. As a result people will not have enough food and die
from famine. It is also a problem for the environment, because more
people means that more resources are needed. India and China
are examples of overpopulated countries.

Activities:
- How do we calculate Natural growth?
- Is overpopulation a problem? Why?

Image from: http://isiria.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/overpopulation1.jpg
Image from: http://geoff82.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/chinese-crowd1.gif

Images from: http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/kpxsjkpzgwux/ukzdpv/biths-deaths%20(1).png;
http://senescence.info/overpopulation.jpg;
http://z.about.com/d/geography/1/0/x/5/1/infants_2.jpg

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UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

5 MIGRATIONS

What are migrations?

Migrations are movements of people form one place to another. The
reasons why a person leaves their country are not enough jobs, famine,
poor medical care, wars, natural disasters, etc. they usually want to find
job opportunities, more freedom, better medical care and better living
conditions.

People who emigrate are called emigrants in their home country and
immigrants in their new country.

In general people emigrate from developing countries in South America, Africa or Asia, and they go to the
developed and rich countries in North America or Europe.

Net migration rate is the difference of immigrants and emigrants of an area in a period of time, divided
(usually) per 1,000 inhabitants (considered on midterm population). A positive value represents more people
entering the country than leaving it, while a negative value mean more people leaving than entering it.
Activities:
- Migrants are called . in their home country and . in the country they arrive at.
- Why do people emigrate?
- Where do migrants go to?

Image from: http://blogs.europapress.es/images/blogs_europapress_es/social/inmigrantes.jpg
Image from:
http://www.immigrationtourism.com/ima
ges/Immigrants-bg.jpg;
http://kellogg.nd.edu/students/images/
immigrants.jpg
Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Net_migration_rate_world.PNG

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UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

6 POPULATION PYRAMIDS

Definition:

Population pyramids are also called age-sex pyramids and age structure diagrams. It is a graph that shows
the distribution of the population according to age and sex.

Main types of population pyramids. The main types of population pyramids are:

a) rapid growth: its got high birth rates, high death rates and low life expectancy. It is the pyramid of a
young population. The shape will be like this:

http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa071497.htm

b) slow growth: this type of pyramid shows declining birth rates and death rates. People have higher life
expectancy.


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UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

c) negative growth: its got a very low birth rate, low death rate and high life expectancy. The natural growth
of the population is low or negative. It is the pyramid of ageing populations.

Activity:

- Look at these population pyramids and say the types what represent each one of these.

Population pyramids from: http://www.nationmaster.com/index.php

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UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

7 VOCABULARY

English Pronunciation Spanish
A
A lot of sust., sust. y prep.
]eI] ]Ict] ]:v]
Mucho-a, muchos-as
Age sust.
]eId]
Edad
Ageing population adj. y sust.
]'eIdIq] ]pcpj'IeIn]
Poblacin vieja, envejecida
At the same time expresin de tiempo
]t] ]I] ]seIm] ]taIm]
Al mismo tiempo
Average sust.
]'vrId]
Media, promedio
B
Birth rate sust. y sust.
]bs:r ] ]reIt]
Tasa de natalidad
C
Certain adj.
]'ss:rtn ]
Cierto, seguro
Climate sust.
]'kIaImIt]
Clima
D
Death rate sust.y sust.
]de] ]reIt]
Tasa de mortalidad
Declining adj.
]dI'kIaInI]
En declive, en decadencia
Demographer sust.
]dI'mcgrI(r)]
Demgrafo
Demography sust.
]dI'mcgrII]
Demografa
Densely populated areas adv., adj. y sust.
]'densII] ]'pcpjIeItId] ]'erI]
reas densamente pobladas
Developed countries adj. y sust.
]dI'veIpt] ]'k/ntrI:s]
Pases desarrollados
Developing countries adj. y sust.
]dI'veIpIq] ]'k/ntrI:s]
Pases en vas de desarrollo
Diagrams sust.
]'daIgrms]
Diagrmas, grficas-os, esquemas
to Distribute verb.
]dI'strIbju:t]
Distribuir, repartir
Distribution sust.
]'dIstrI'bju:n]
Distribucin, reparto
E
Emigrant sust.
]'emIgrnt]
Emigrante
Enough adj.
]I'n/I]
Bastante, suficiente
to Enter verb.
]'entr]
Entrar en, entrar a
Environment sust.
]In'vaIrnmnt]
Medio
Epidemics sust.
]epI'demIks]
Epidemias
Equally adv.
]'I:kwII]
Igualmente, equitativamente, por igual
F
Famine sust.
]'ImIn]
Hambruna
Farming sust.
]'I:rmI ]
Cultivo, labranza, crianza y cra de animales
Fast adj.
]I:st]
Rpido-a
Fertile soil adj. y sust.
]'Is:taII] ]saII]
Tierra frtil
Figure sust.
]'IIg(r)]
Cifra
G
to Grow verb.
]gr]
Crecer
H
Healthcare sust.
]heIker]
Sanidad
High rates adj. y sust.
]haI] ]reIts]
Tasas altas
Hunger sust.
]'h/gr]
Hambre
I
Immigrant sust.
]'ImIgrnt]
Inmigrante
Improvements sust.
]Im'pru:vmnts]
Mejoras, mejoras
Inhabitants sust.
]In'hbItnt]
Habitantes
J
Job sust.
]db]
Trabajo, oficio

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UNIT 1: DEMOGRAPHY

L
to Leave verb.
]II:v]
Dejar, abandonar
Life expectancy sust. y sust.
]IaII] ]Ik'spektnsI
Experanza de vida
Longer adj. comp.
]'Ia:gr]
Ms largo que
Low rates adj. y sust.
]I] ]reIts]
Tasas bajas
M
to Mean verb.
]mI:n]
Significar
Measures sust.
]'mers]
Medidas, mediciones
Movements sust.
]'mu:vmnts]
Movimientos
N
Natural growth rate adj., sust. y adj.
]'ntrI] ]gr] ]reIt]
Tasa de crecimiento natural
Negative growth adj. y sust.
]'negtIv] ]gr]
Crecimiento negativo
Net migration rate adj., sust. y sust.
]net] ]maI'greIn] ]reIt]
Tasa neta de migracin
O
to Occur verb.
]'ks:r]
Ocurrir, suceder
Overpopulated adj.
]'v'pcpjIeItId]
Sobrepoblado-a
Overpopulation sust.
]'v'pcpj'IeIn]
Sobrepoblacin
P
Peaceful adj.
]'pI:sII]
Pacfico, tranquilo, no violento
Per cent prep. y sust.
]ps:r] ]sent]
Por ciento
Per thousand prep. y sust.
]ps:r] ]'aznd]
Por mil
Population sust.
]'pcpj'IeIn]
Poblacin
Population density sust. y sust.
]'pcpj'IeIn] ]'denstI]
Densidad de poblacin
Population growth sust. y sust.
]'pcpj'IeIn] ]gr]
Crecimiento de poblacin
Population pyramid sust. y sust.
]'pcpj'IeIn] ]'pIrmId]
Pirmide de poblacin
Positive growth adj. y sust.
]'pcztIv] ]gr]
Crecimiento positivo
Q
Quikly adv.
]'kwIkII]
Rapidamente
R
Reason sust.
]'rI:zn ]
Razn
Resources sust.
]'rI:sa:rsIs]
Recursos
S
Shape sust.
]eIp]
Forma
to Show verb.
]e]
Mostrar, ensear
Size sust.
]saIz]
Tamao
Slowly adv.
]'sIII]
Lentamente
Sparsely populated areas adv., adj. y sust.
]'sp:rsII] ]'pcpjIeItId] ]'erIs]
reas escasamente pobladas
T
Terrain sust.
]te'reIn]
Terreno
Type sust.
]taIp]
Tipo
V
Value sust.
]'vIju:]
Valor
W
While conj.
]waII]
Mientras
Y
Young population adj. y sust.
]j/] ]'pcpj'IeIn]
Poblacin jven

Demography

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