1) The name "Caribbean" is ________the Caribs, one of the dominant American Indian groups in the region at the time

of European contact during the late 15th century. A) attained from C) achieved form E) enhanced by B) derived from D) notified by

7) Morality is often used as a justification for war.______, most wars are not started because of a moral issue. A) However D) Hence B) Namely C) That is E) Even though

2) Coral reefs are aragonite structures _____by living organisms, _____in shallow, tropical marine waters with little to no nutrients in the water A) producing / found B) produced / finding C) produced / found D) to have produced / to find E) having been produced / found 3) The Caribbean Sea ______an unknown body of water to the populations of Eurasia until 1492 when Christopher Columbus first sailed into Caribbean waters while _____to find a route to India. A has been / tried B) had been / was trying C) being / would try D) Was / trying E) had been / have been trying 4) ________the states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the federal national government A) As well D) Though B) Besides E) Whereas C) Unlike

8) _____several reports and studies, scientists have discovered that starvation has many psychological effects on a person _______its physiological effects A) Except / also B) Still / moreover C) Consequently / in case of D) Through / in addition to E) In terms of / while

9)

Most commonly, malnourished people ______do not have enough calories in their diet, or are eating a diet that lacks protein, vitamins. A) whom C) whose E) to whom B) either D) whether

10) The development of a country is measured with statistical indexes ______income per capita , life expectancy, the rate of literacy, et cetera. A) for C) whose E) such as B) likewise D) as well as

5) _________important was the southern coastal route in the southern Arabian peninsula that the Egyptian Pharaohs built several shallow canals to service the trade. A) Such B) So D) However E) wherever C) The more

11) After the humiliation Japan _____by the hand of the US Navy, Japanese leadership _____to move forward its feudal status in order to being able of preserving its independence A) had suffered / decided B) have suffered / has decided C) were suffering / decided D) would have suffered / decided E) suffered / would have been decided

6)

Electric power is defined as the rate ______electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. A) how B) at which C) which D) by which E) how to

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12)

There was never a direct military engagement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, _____there was half a century of military buildup, and political battles for support around the world. A) yet D) for B) still E) until C) however

18) In discourse, a premise is a claim that is a reason for some other claim.__________, it is a statement presumed true within the context of the discourse for the purposes of arguing to a conclusion. A) Therefore C) Nevertheless E) In the event that B) Consequently D) In other words

13) Ideologies are systems of abstract thought ______to public matters and thus make this concept central to politics A) applying B) applied C) to apply D) to have applied E) having been applied 14) Napoleon developed relatively few military innovations.______, he drew his best tactics from a variety of unknown sources. A) In fact D) Similarly B) Rather E) Thanks to C) In case

19) Early analytic philosophy ______a less positive view of ordinary language A) has D) has been B) had C) is E) will have been

20) Different philosophers _____varied ideas about the nature of reason, and there ___also disagreement about the subject matter of philosophy A) had / had been B) have / were C) has been / have been D) have had / is E) would have / should have

15) One distinguishing characteristic of a metaphor is that the assertiveness of a metaphor calls into question the underlying category structure, ________in a rhetorical analogy the comparative differences between the categories remain salient and acknowledged. A) whereas C) similarly E) unlike 16) B) on the other hand D) apart from

21) The study of proverbs is called Paremiology and can be dated back as far as Aristotle. Paremiography, _________, is the collection of proverbs A) otherwise B) or else C) on the other hand D) whereas E) on account of

Metaphors can be distinguished from _______closely related rhetorical concepts such as metonymy, synecdoche, simile, allegory and parable. the categories remain salient and acknowledged. A) some others C) each other E) another B) other D) the others

17)

Analogy is both the cognitive process of transferring information from a particular subject to _____particular subject. A) another C) one another E) several B) the other D) others

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