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Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Located south - east from Duomo, in Milan, Italy, the Ca Granda (Ospedale Maggiore di Milano) stands between via Francesco Sforza, via Laghetto and via Festa del Perdono and started in 1456 by Florence architect Antonio Averulino - Filarete.
Plans of Ca Granda from left: circa 1451, enlargement of hospital, general plan of 1964
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
History
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Program of restoration and systemization of Ospedale Maggiore, di Milano for Universit degli studi Mediolanum, perspective plan, 1572
After heavily damage during WWII in 1946 - 1950 restoration works were carried out and in 1958 State university was inaugurated. Although restoration works under direction of architect Liliana Grassi and engineer Amerigo Belloni were still continuing till 1985.
Diagram of damage on Ca Granda after WWII,- legend from left: totally destroyed, gravely damaged, seriously damaged, 1980
Section showing south east Facade of cortile della farmacia (our survey zone localisation on the map - follow the dashed line), 1980
Braccio between cortyard of Ghiacciaia and courtyard of Farmacia after bombardments of 1943
Front of Ospedale Maggiore towards via F. Sforza after bombardments of 1943, total destruction left part of the facade, and almost total abatement of cortile della Farmacia
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
History
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Trilateration of the plan with sections and detail callouts marked, scale 1:30
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Detail 3, frontal view of capital, scale 1:10 Detail 2, front view and section, scale 1:10
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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100 cm
50 cm
25 cm
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Survey
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Moulded bricks
Brass gutter
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Materials
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Glass
Plaster type 1
Plaster type 2
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Materials
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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100 cm
50 cm
25 cm
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Materials
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Frontal facade
100 cm
50 cm
25 cm
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Materials
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Missing Part
Vegetation - Moss
Cracking
Missing Part
Moister area
Staining
Missing Part
Ants colony
Mechanical damage
Oxidation
Burst
Mechanical damage
Alteration - algae
Graffiti
Oxidation patina
Pulverization
Mechanical damage
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Decay
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Decay
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Politecnico di Milano - Facolt di Architettura e Societ - a.a. 2011/2012 HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO - PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS Prof. Alessandra Kluzer Ospedale Maggiore di Milano Compiler: Joris Katkevicius Survey date: 14 05 2012 SITE: Cortile Della Farmacia UBIETY: Ground Floor USE: Public - Universita degli studi di Milano Masonry RED CLAY BRICKS MASONRY WALLS, MIXED WITH OLDER AND NEWER BRICKS, OLDER BRICKS BEARS SIGNS OF PREVIOUS PLASTER. VISIBLE REMINISCENCES OF BRICK ARCHES IN THE WALL. ORNAMENTAL BRICK FORMING VAULTS - MOULD CASTED AND HAND FINISHED. COLUMNS STANDING ON CONTINUOUS PEDESTAL. MORTARS ARE DIFFERENT IN COLOR - WHITISH AND GRAYISH AND DIFFER IN MECHANICAL RESISTANCE - WEAKER AND STRONGER ACCORDINGLY. Building technology MIXED BOND (DIFFERENT TYPES OF MORTAR AND BRICKS) NEW AND OLD RANDOM BOND Group 9
HOMOLOGOUS IN THEIR APPEARANCE, OLDER ONES DIFFER IN APPEARANCE - COLOR AND VISIBLE MECHANICAL PROPRIETIES VARYING ACCORDING TO THE LOCUS WHEN BEING FIRED, AS WELL MORTAR - OLDER ONE SEEMS TO BE LIME MORTAR, AND NEWER ONE CONTAINS APPROXIMATE HALF CEMENT AND LIME. COLUMNS - BASE, SHAFT AND CAPITAL, GREY GRANITE ARE MADE SERIZO STONE - FROM VAL DOSOLA, INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS STONE . CONTINUOUS PEDESTAL - BRICK MASONRY, PLASTERED WITH WHITE LIME PLASTER (4). COPESTONE IS MADE FROM SEDIMENTARY ANGERA DOLOSTONE VARYING FROM PINK TO YELLOWISH IN COLOR. (4) MORTARS ARE - WHITISH - LIME BONDED WITH FINER AND HOMOLOGENEUS AGGREGATE AND GRAYISH - WITH CEMENTICIOUS BINDER WITH FINER VARYING WITH COARSER AGGREGATE Structural decay SEVERAL OLDER BRICKS ARE CRACKED, MECHANICALLY DAMAGED IN ORDER TO RESHAPE THEM IN - DIMINISHING IN VOLUME MANNER. Decay OLDER BRICKS HAVE PULVERIZATION PHENOMENA, FEW OF THEM HAVE IT MIXED TOGETHER WITH SCALING, BINDER IS IN FEW PLACES DIFFERS IN ITS DEPTH OF GROOVE. MARKS ON THE BRICK WALL UNDER THE CORBEL OF CROSS BARREL (GROIN) VAULT. DARK COLOR NON-ORGANIC PATINA IS ON LOWER PART OF MASONRY WALL. COLUMNS BEARS SIGNS OF IRON OXIDATION AND RUBBER SEAL - PREVIOUSLY HAD WINDOW FIXTURES.
Materials RIVER BANK PEBBLES, MORTAR (GRAY, CEMENT BASED MORTAR, FINE AGGREGATE) GREY METAMORPHIC STONE Structural decay METAMORPHIC STONE IS SCALING - PHENOMENA IS MORE INTENSE WHERE WATER AND INTENSIFIED TRAFFIC OCCURS. Decay VENT (BOCCA DI LUPO MANHOLE?) COVER PAINT IS WORN OUT. SOME CHEWING GUM SPOTS ON GRANITE FLOOR TILES. WORN OUT PEBBLES, HAVE SOME ORGANIC RESIDUE (VEGETATION)
Materials RED CLAY BRICKS. LIME PLASTER, LIME WASHED IRON TIE BARS Structural decay NO Decay PULVERIZATION, SMALL CRACKING, MIGHT BE PROBLEMS WITH HUMIDITY Plasters LIME MORTAR, REMAINS ON OLD BRICKS. ON WINDOWS JAMBS AND ARCHITRAVES - DARK DULL BROWNISH WAXY APPEARANCE PLASTER
- ARE SPALLING BECAUSE OF DECAYING BRICK UNDER IT Other coatings LEAD SHEET COVERING BRICKS WHERE STAIRS WERE ADDED. Types and layers ONE LAYER OF 2-3MM, DIRECTLY LAID ON BRICKS, ONE SIDE INTEGRATED INTO PLASTER. Materials LEAD Decay COROSSION Openings WINDOWS - STEEL, ONE GLASS, VENT COVERS BOCCA DI LUPO IRON BARS FOR WINDOW GRATING
COLUMNS ALSO BEARS THE SIGN OF PLASTER MIXED WITH DARK COLOR DENSE AND ADHERENT DEPOSIT.
Floors PEBBLES WITH CEMENTICIOUS MORTAR. GREY METAMORPHIC STONE UNDER VAULT WITH STEEL GRID MANHOLE COVERS FLUSH TO IT. Vaults CROSS BARREL VAULT (GROIN) WITH PLASTER ARRIS (GROINS) Building technology LAID ON CORBEL INCORPORATED INTO THE WALL AND COLUMNS WITH RED CLAY BRICKS, LIME MORTAR AND LIME PLASTER RENDER, AND WHITE LIME WASH. Building technology: PEBBLES : ON PERMEABLE LAYER, RAMMED BETWEEN BASE OF PORCH AND A BOARDING LINE OF GRANITE STONE NOW FILLED WITH CEMENT CONTAINING BINDER SO PERMEABILITY IS LOST. FLOOR: GREY GRANITE TILES LAID ON ( REINFORCED CONCRETE / IRON BEAMS? ). VENT COVER STEEL WELDED, INDUSTRY PRODUCTION. Types and layers APPLIED (1 OR 2) LAYERS OF PLASTER ON BRICKS, THEN SURFACE FINISHING (COLORED ON WINDOWS JAMBS AND LINTELS) LIME WASHED. Materials LIME MORTAR (RATIO : ), LIME WASH, KAOZINPLASTER.
Surface finishing LIME WASH FINISHING VAULTS Decay NON ORGANIC DARK COLOR DEPOSIT, PULVERIZATION (VAULTS), DETACHMENT (PORCH BASE) (HUMIDITY PROBLEM?), ON WINDOWS JAMBS AND ARCHITRAVES SURFACE FINISHING Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
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Type: morphological and technical features WINDOWS: BIGGER ONES XX CM ARE OPENABLE INSIDE WITH PARLIAMENT HINGES, DARK BROWN IN COLOR. SMALLER ONES XX CM ARE NOT OPENABLE VENT COVERS: GRID OF RHYTHMIC LINES (1,3,4 RUNNING PARARREL TO FACADE, 2 (SMELLIEST) RUNNING PERPENDICULAR TO THE FACADE). JAMBS SILLS AND LINTELS ARE MADE OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF BRICKS, BEARS A SIGN OF PREVIOUSLY DECORATIVE ON A LINTEL. Materials STEEL FRAME, IRON GRATING BARS, Workmanship technique STEEL (VENTS) INDUSTRIALIZED PROCESS, STEEL WINDOWS FRAME, IRON BARS - BLACKSMITH ARTWORK. Decay SEDIMENTARY DUST, SOME ADHESIVE REMAINS ON GLASS, GRATING BARS HAVE THEIR COVERING OF IRON OXIDE, DOESNT LOOK TO FALL APART. Architectural elements DECORATIVE TERRA COTTA TILES STAIRS (MADE BY DESTROYING CONTINUOUS PEDESTAL) FROM SAME STONE AS USED FOR FLOORS, INDUSTRY PROCESSED Type LOADBEARING, , COMPOSITE ORDER
Materials BRICKS, LIME MORTAR BINDER, PLASTERED AND LIME WASHED, COPED WITH ANGERA STONE. RED CLAY KILNED, UNGLAZED Workmanship technique SCULPTED MOLDED, HAND FINISHED Decay NON ORGANIC BLACK - DARK GREY DEPOSIT. MISSING PARTS. ONE CAPITOL HAD SPREAD IN TWO AND IS BEING FIXED WITH TIE IRON CLAPS. ANGERA STONE IS HAS VEGETATION DEPOSIT, AND MISSING PARTS. PULVERIZATION SIMILAR TO BRICKS, ACCORDING TO MORE SEVERE EXPOSITION. Millworks Type STEEL. WINDOW JAMS , SILLS, LINTELS ARE FROM MASONRY BRICKS, Opening-closing system PARLIAMENT HINGES (ALSO FORTKE ) Ironmongery IRON BARS, OTHER MILLWORKS SEEMS TO BE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION Decay DEPOSIT OF DARK NON ORGANIC MATERIAL. Systems Lighting system: ELECTRIC LIGHT INSTALLATION (TUNGSTEN LAMS) IN VAULT INTRADOS ( ABOVE COLUMNS ) Other systems: WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM -
GUTTERS (FROM BRASS? ALLOY), WHICH ARE STAINING A SLIGHTLY ON SURROUNDING PLASTER. General note Main decay seems to be pulverization of bricks, and and damp area, also deposit on bricks and columns could be cleaned. Only several bricks has structural cracks. During one rainy survey day a weathering pattern could be noticed easily, mainly not in our zone, but on the north - east facade.
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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Liliana Grassi Architetto - il pensiero i restauri i progetti, Milano, 1986 Lilian Grassi - La Ca Granda, Electa, Milnao, 1981 Sylvia Righini Ponticelli e Aldo Di Silvestro, LOspedale dalla seconda met del Quattrocento allinizio del Seicento, in La C Granda di Milano. Lintervento conservativo sul cortile Richiniano, Silvana Editoriale,1993, pag. 51; Emanuela Sorbo, Storia e Materia. I Progetti di Ambrogio Annoni e Liliana Grassi per lOspedale del Filarete a Milano, in DArchitettura, n. 26, 2005. Testi a cura di Simonetta Offredi e Raffaella Silari www.milanoneicantieridellarte.it
Politecnico di Milano Facolt di Architettura e Societ HISTORICAL BUILDING PRESERVATION STUDIO PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS The Ca Granda - Milan WORKSHOP a. y. 2011/2012 prof. arch. Alessandra Kluzer, prof. Antonio Sansonetti
Group 9 Joris Katkevicius Mihai Potra Daiki Kato Bernardo Gonzalez Gaye Sener Wang ji
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