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Michael Shipp 10/23/12

Annotated Bibliography
Cheslock, John J., and Suzanne E. Eckes. "Statistical Evidence and Compliance With Title IX." New Directions For Institutional Research 2008.138 (2008): 31-45. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. This article analyzes the grounds used to determine if an athletic program is in compliance with Title IX. It discusses how Title IX has been interpreted over the past thirty-five years and includes an examination of the current compliance level among collegiate athletic programs. The article also highlights several of the key Title IX court cases and their outcomes. One of the authors, John Cheslock, is a professor of Higher Education at the University of Arizona and also wrote a book about trends in college athletic participation that is cited in the article. Suzanne Eckes is an assistant professor of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies at Indiana University. The article is both current and objective, citing sources for all evidence. Kennedy, Charles. "The Athletic Directors Dilemma: $$$ & Womens Sports." Gender Issues 24.2 (2007): 34-45. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. This article was written by Charles Kennedy and deals with a fundamental issue in the enforcement of Title IX. It discusses how money is allocated among the Division I-A, I-AA, and I-AAA colleges. By doing so, Kennedy elaborates on how committed colleges are when it comes to enforcing Title IX rules. He even assigns ranks to the colleges and presents the worst colleges with regards to Title IX compliance. The author is a senior instructor of Political Science at Penn State York. The author cites his sources, but some of the article isnt fact based. He creates a scoring system and index to rank the teams. Although Kennedy explains the categories used to evaluate the teams, he created the system so the credibility of his rankings can be questioned. Kennedy, Charles. "A New Frontier For Womens Sports (Beyond Title IX)." Gender Issues 27.1/2 (2010): 78-90. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. This study examines the problems associated with current Title IX regulations. It describes the three-part test used by the Board of Education to determine compliance and accesses the effectiveness of that test. It gives evidence by referencing specific collegiate athletic programs and their ranks in certain compliance tests. The article was written in 2010, which ensures the currency of the data. Furthermore, when the article criticizes Title IX enforcement, it still remains relatively objective because it cites its sources when presenting evidence. Charles Kennedy, a senior instructor of Political Science at Penn State York, wrote the article. He is a knowledgeable source because he is responsible for producing annual reports on the progress of women in major college sports.

McAndrews, Patrick J. "Keeping Score: How Universities Can Comply With Title IX Without Eliminating Men's Collegiate Athletic Programs." Brigham Young University Education & Law Journal 1 (2012): 111-140. Academic Search Premier. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. This article in the BYU Education and Law Journal elaborates on the provisions of Title IX and focuses on the three primary compliance tests. The article highlights certain court cases and shows how men began to use Title IX to seek equal protection. It also proposes solutions to provide women with more opportunities without eliminating mens collegiate athletic teams. The article provides current information because it was published in 2012. The source is objective and uses footnotes to cite its sources. The credible nature of the article also stems from the fact that it is in a peer-reviewed law journal from a respected university. Tigay, Chanan. "Women and Sports." CQ Researcher 21.12 (2011): 265-68. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. This source gives a detailed history of Title IX and how it has impacted modern day sports. It includes background information, the current state of collegiate sports, and key legal issues surrounding the interpretation of Title IX. It also features a chronology of female participation in sports, graphics, and opinions on how Title IX both benefits and disadvantages certain groups of people. The author of the article, Chanan Tigay, is a respected freelance writer who has appeared in Newsweek and the Wall Street Journal. Apart from the pro/con section, the article is primarily objective and cites sources in a lengthy bibliography. The article was also written in 2011 so the facts are current.

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