Extended Access Safety Training

Hazards in a laboratory are primarily: (1) Chemical and (2) Electrical. Fire hazards result from either one or both of the above sources. In this training we arc primarily concerned about what to do in the event of a mishap. First and foremost, someone must be within hearing distance when you work in a laboratory. This ensures that you get immediate help when required. Most of the chemicals you will be working with fall into these hazard classes: Corrosive, Flammable or Compressed Gas. Although all are hazardous to your health, you can minimize this hazard by protecting yourself from exposure with personal protective equipment (PPE). Latex gloves offer no relevant protection from chemicals. Always use nitrite gloves. When working with larger quantities or more hazardous compounds like HF, a chemical resistant glove should be worn. When you enter a lab, you should at least be wearing safety goggles. And when you plan to work with AN V quantity of HF, wear a face shield over the safety glasses or goggles. Aprons are required for protection from splashes to the body. Never wear shorts, skirts and nylon stockings, or sandals in the lab. If you were to splash a couple of drops of acid on your hand, the area would first begin to itch. Eventually, the skin will become so dehydrated that it will burn. If you have been working with acids and notice an itch, run cold water on the area for at least 15 minutes. In the case of a larger spill, head for the emergency shower. In case of an HF splash run cold water or shower for 15 minutes, then apply 2% Calcium gluconate paste and seek medical attention. If acid is spilled on a leather article, you should throw it out. Acids bind with to leather irreversibly. Never mix concentrated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Adding HCI to concentrated sulfuric acid dehydrates the HCI to release 250 times its volume in gas. HCI, like most corrosive gases, is extremely toxic and damaging to the respiratory system. Acids must be added to water to avoid local boiling, an exothermic reaction which can result in an explosion. This is especially known to happen when water is splashed into sulfuric acid. Piranha Clean (Hydrogen peroxide and Sulfuric acid in the ratio 1:3) should he prepared similarly by adding sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide. Similarly, when adding Sodium hydroxide to water you must cool the mixture and take care not to add it all at one time since its dissolution generates high amounts of heat. Bases feel slimy and soapy, but that is actually a sign of the skin disintegrating. When youve had a base spilled on you, you wont get warning signs, like the burning sensation from an acid spill. The base destroys nerve endings which are your pain sensors quickly and more efficiently than acid. There is no dehydration here but much faster hydrolysis at work. Always be alert to spills and splashes, especially into the eyes, when working with basic compounds. Always bring the MSDS so the doctor will know exactly what compound to treat for. MSDSs can be found on the NCF website and in 3064 ERF Flammable liquids dry out the skin. Some may act as carriers of toxic compounds through the skin, and others can be toxic when absorbed through the skin themselves like ethoxyethanol (EGEE) (ethylene glycol monoethyl ether), a component of the Spin-On Boron. Glycol ethers have been found to cause birth defects, reduce sperm counts and damage testicles in lab animals. All glycol ethers can reach a developing fetus and can enter the mothers breast milk. Chemicals can be classified as (1) Acids, (2) Bases and (3) Solvents and Neutrals. In all cases some basic rules are to be followed: (1) Never wear contact lenses while working in a laboratory. (2) See a physician immediately after accidental contact with chemicals. (3) Never attempt to handle a spill or fire you are not equipped to. (4) All aid should be given without risk to ones self. (5) In the case of volatile or fuming chemicals, ventilate area, remove all source of ignition, use self-contained breathing apparatus and stay upwind. (6) Never induce vomiting in an unconscious person.

(7) Never give mouth to mouth resuscitation. (8) Never shake hands, pat in the hack, run or indulge in horseplay inside the cleanroom. We shall discuss only frequently used chemicals, their hazards and measure the event of mishaps.

Acids
Acetic Acid: Corrosive, Lachrymator, Mutagen and Flammable.
First Aid: Eyes Skin Ingestion Inhalation : Irrigate eyes for 15mins. Roll eye balls so that the eyes are well flushed. : Remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected area for 15min. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give 2 - 4 cups of milk or water. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen if breathing is difficult. Give artificial respiration if necessary with oxygen and a mechanical device like bag and mask. DO NOT give mouth to mouth respiration.

Fire Fighting: CO2 or inert chemical extinguisher only. No water. Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles, gloves and lab coat. Face shield and respirator for large spills. Dilute with water if spill is small and absorb in suitable absorbent (spill mats). If spill is large use vapor suppressors like Calcium Carbonate, vapor suppressing foam or Soda ash (Sodium Carbonate). Sprinkle neutralizer on spill area and mop up with absorbent.

Aluminum Etchant Type A: Corrosive

First Aid: Eyes Skin Ingestion Inhalation : Flush with water for 15 mins : Remove contaminated clothing. Flush water for 15 mins. Cover with moist baking soda (Sodium hydrogen carbonate or Sodium bicarbonate). : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide, E.g. Pepto-Bismol) or beaten egg with water. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen if necessary. Give artificial respiration if necessary.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face shield, rubber gloves and lab coat. Respirator for large spills. Absorb in suitable absorbent. Neutralize with acid neutralizer inside the container. Sprinkle neutralizer on spill area and mop up with absorbent.

Buffered Oxide Etch: Corrosive

First Aid: Eyes Skin Ingestion Inhalation : Flush with of water for 15 mins. Keep ice over eyes till reaching emergency room. : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for 15 mins. Apply 2% Calcium gluconate paste. : Do not induce vomiting. Give large quantities of milk or milk of magnesia. : Send to hospital immediately. Give artificial respiration if necessary.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face Shield, rubber gloves and apron Absorb in spill absorbent or sand or earth. Soda ash and calcium carbonate (most preferred) can also be used.

Bromine: Corrosive, oxidizer and toxic.

First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for 15 mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give large quantities of water. : Remove to fresh air immediately. Give oxygen and artificial respiration as necessary.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face Shield, rubber gloves and apron. Absorb on inert material and neutralize with one of potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate mixed with sodium thiosulphate. Place in a tightly sealed container.

Chromium Etchant CEP 200: Corrosive and oxidizer.

First Aid:

Eyes Skin Ingestion Inhalation Fire Fighting

: Wash with water for 15 mins : Remove all contaminated clothing and rinse affected area for 15mins : Give lots of water to drink : Remove to fresh air. Give artificial respiration if necessary. : One of water, dry chemical, chemical foam, alcohol resistant foam extinguisher.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles, gloves and lab coat. Absorb with inert material like spill pillows and keep tightly sealed in a container.

Copper Etchant Type 100/200: Corrosive.

First Aid:

Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation

: Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for l5mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give water or milk or milk of magnesia. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen or artificial respiration as necessary.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles, gloves and lab coat. Respirator if spill is large. Absorb on inert materials like spill pillows and neutralize with soda ash (sodium carbonate) or lime (calcium carbonate).

Copper Etchant Type APS: Oxidizer.

First Aid:

Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation

: Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for 15 mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give water or milk. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen or artificial respiration as necessary.

Fire Fighting: Water. No CO2 or gas filled extinguishers. Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles, gloves and lab coat. Mop up in inert material and place in a tightly sealed container.

Hydrochloric Acid: Corrosive

First Aid:

Eyes Skin Ingestion Inhalation

: Flush with water for 15 mins : Remove contaminated clothing. Flush water for 15 mins. Cover with moist baking soda (Sodium hydrogen carbonate or Sodium bicarbonate). : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide, E.g. Pepto-Bismol) or beaten egg with water. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen if necessary. Give artificial respiration if necessary.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face shield, rubber gloves and lab coat. Respirator for large spills. Absorb in suitable absorbent. Neutralize with acid neutralizer inside the container. Sprinkle neutralizer on spill area and mop up with absorbent.

Nickel Etchant TFB: Corrosive and oxidizer

Treat like Nitric Acid.

Nitric Acid: Corrosive and oxidizer.

First Aid: Eyes Skin Ingestion Inhalation : Flush with water for 15mins. Rotate eyeballs to ensure thorough rinsing. : Remove contaminated clothing. Flush affected area for I 5mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give lot of milk or water. : Remove to fresh air immediately. Give artificial respiration if necessary. Give oxygen only through bag and mask or like devices.

Fire Fighting: Depends on the material that burns since nitric acid only aids combustion. Water, CO2 and dry chemical. Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face Shield, rubber gloves and apron Absorb on inert material like spill pillows. Place in a tightly sealed container.

Sulfuric Acid: Corrosive and oxidizer.

First Aid: Eyes and Skin Ingestion Inhalation

: Remove contaminated clothing and rinse for 15mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give large quantities of milk or water. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen or artificial respiration as necessary. Do not
use mouth to mouth respiration.

Fire Fighting: CO2 or dry chemical extinguishers only. Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face Shield, rubber gloves and apron. Do not dilute with water! Absorb with noncombustible, inert material (e.g. spill pillows) and place in a tightly sealed container.

Gold Etchant: Oxidizer

First Aid: Eyes and Skin Ingestion Inhalation

: Remove contaminated clothing and rinse thoroughly for 1 5mins. : Induce vomiting in conscious person only. Give large quantities of milk or
water. : Remove to fresh air. Give artificial respiration if necessary.

Fire Fighting: Water or CO2 or dry chemical only. Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles, gloves and lab coat. Absorb material with sodium sulphite or sodium thiosuiphite mixed with equal quantities of sodium bicarbonate (soda ash). If these are not available use inert material like sand or earth. Place in a well sealed containcr.

Bases
351 Developer: Corrosive
First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingeston Inhalaion : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for 15mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water and seek medical aid. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen and artificial respiration as necessary.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face shield, rubber gloves and lab coat. Absorb with inert or alkali neutralizing materials and place in a closed container.

Ammonium Hydroxide: Corrosive

First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with lot of water for I 5mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give water with milk of magnesia. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen and artificial as necessary.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles, gloves, lab coat and respirator. Use vapor suppressants like calcium carbonate if available. Soak up in inert absorbent and place in a lightly sealed container.

AZ 400K Developer: Corrosive

First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for 1 5mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give milk or water to dilute stomach contents. : Remove to fresh air. Get to a hospital.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles, gloves and lab coat. Absorb on spill mats and place in a container.

AZ 421K Developer: Highly corrosive.

First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for l5mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give milk or water to dilute stomach contents. : Remove to fresh air. Seek medical aid.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face shield, rubber gloves and lab coat. Absorb on spill pillows and neutralize with base neutralizer inside container.

Hydrogen Peroxide: Oxidizer.

First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for l5mins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give large quantities of water. : Remove to fresh air. Give artificial respiration and oxygen as required.

Fire Fighting: Water as extinguisher Accidental Release Measures: Persona] Protective Equipment: Face shield, rubber gloves and apron. Dilute with water. Neutralize with sodium meta bisulfite or sodium sulfite. Absorb on spill pillows and place in a tightly sealed container.

Potassium Hydroxide: Highly corrosive.

First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for 2Omins. : DO NOT induce vomiting. Give large quantities of water. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen and artificial respiration as necessary. Do not give mouth to mouth respiration.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face shield, rubber gloves and apron. Absorb on inert or alkali neutralizing spill pillows. Place in a container and neutralize with base neutralizer.

Solvent and Inflammables

Acetone, Ethanol and Isopropanol : Extremely flammable,

First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with lot of water. If blurring of vision occurs consult a physician. : Induce vomiting by giving water or sticking two fingers down the throat. in conscious person only. Seek medical aid. : Remove to fresh air immediately. Give oxygen and artificial respiration as necessary.

Fire Fighting: Water, alcohol resistant foam, CO2 or dry chemical extinguishers. Do not tip the container over. Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face shield, gloves and lab coat. Use vapor suppressors if available. Absorb on inert material or spill pillows. Seal container tightly.

Photo resist 1818: Flammable. Pregnant women and people trying to have children must keep
away. First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water immediately. : Wash mouth with water and seek medical aid. : Remove to fresh air. Give oxygen or artificial respiration as necessary

Fire Fighting: Water, CO2 or dry chemical extinguishers. Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles, gloves and lab coat. Change gloves if stained by photoresist. Absorb on inert material and place in a tightly sealed container. Keep fire away.

Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS): Flammable and corrosive. Desiccant.

First Aid: Eyes and skin Ingestion Inhalation : Remove contaminated clothing and rinse with water for 1 5mins. : Seek medical advice. : Remove to fresh air. Give artificial respiration if necessary. Keep patient warm.

Fire Fighting: DO NOT use water. C02, sand or extinguishing powder. Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Goggles, gloves and lab coat. Absorb on inert materials and place in tightly sealed containers. Keep fire away.

Methanol: Flammable and toxic.

First Aid: Eyes Skin Ingestion Inhalation : Extensive irrigation for 1 5mins is required. Pour water into eyes while rolling the eye balls. Cover eyes with cloth if unable to tolerate light. : Remove contaminated clothing and flush with water for 1 5mins. : Call Poison Centre and follow their advice. : Remove to fresh air. Protect self and victim with respirator. Give oxygen and artificial respiration as necessary.

Fire Fighting: CO2 or alcohol foam extinguisher. Accidental Release Measures: Personal Protective Equipment: Face shield, rubber gloves and lab coat. Absorb on inert material and place in a tightly sealed container. Keep fire away.

Exposure Limits to some Gases used at NCF

Gas Arsine, AsH3 Chlorine, Cl2 Tetrafluoromethane, CF4 Hydrogen Chloride, HCl Hydrogen Fluoride, HF Ammonia, NH3 Phosphine, PH3 Silane, SiH4 Exposure Limit 5Oppb 0.5 ppm None applicable 5.0 ppm 3.0 ppm 50 ppm 0.3 ppm 5.0 ppm