ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS GUIDE

Presentation

Archaeological monuments like Machupicchu, Sasqsaywaman, Ollantaytambo, Pisac, and others here have pointed out, are tangible evidence of the greatness of the Inca civilization, recognized as one of the most important developed by mankind in all ages. That greatness is also the main factor Andean cultural identity as Peruvians we carry with pride. The design and design of these buildings pre-Hispanic, guided by a continuing search for balance between man and nature, is intimately connected to religious practice, administrative management, occupation domestic, agricultural development and food security. The Regional Directorate of Cultural Cusco, decentralized body of the Ministry of Culture, is an enormous responsibility to protect, preserve and disseminate these architectural wonders Incas, today, defying the passage of time, proud to show those who come to these shores to meet them. We strive to accomplish this task and we respond to the confidence of Cusco and Peruvian society, by identifying and institutional commitment of those who work at this company. Here, we show some touches of these wonderful buildings that now constitute the main attraction of tourism, as growing role in the global economy. Thank you for reading and dissemination. Regional Direction of Cultural Cusco March 2011

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK SAQSAYWAMAN Location Province: Cusco District: Cusco It is located on a hill north of the Plaza de Armas of the city and is linked to the historical center of the old quarters of Qolqanpata inka (St. Kitts) and Toqokachi (San Blas). Access In both districts there are two pedestrian walkways and vehicular access routes that lead to the Archaeological Park of Sacsayhuaman, one starts at the street-Llaullipata Saphy and the other in the Ring Av.

Extension 2,996.76 Ha Photos: Back Qenqo 1. Andenes Illapa 2. Tambomachay

3. Suchuna Sector 4. Muyuqmarka History: In the Andean dual conception, the Sacsayhuaman Archaeological Park is within the jurisdiction of Hanan Cusco. Most historians agree that the Inka Pachacuteq noted, once the city distributed in two installments, Hanan and Hurin Qosqo Qosqo, drew the final form of the future House of the Sun of Sacsayhuaman.

The source chronicles written on the basis of the information Khipucamayoq and direct observation, attempts to describe on Saqsaywaman around the following questions Who and when was it built? Direct observation is referred to the description of the trace and features of this monument. On the use and function there are three hypotheses: the first referring to its role as a stronghold of the Inca, the second as Illapa shrine to the god (lightning) and the third as the "Casa del Sol", ie dedicated to the god Inti, the supreme god of the Incas. The consensus of opinion of the writers indicate that Saqsaywaman building began in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, under the leadership of Inka Pachacuteq, continuing the work in the governments of Wayna Capac and Huascar time references lasted for such construction, indicate an estimated 60 years. Cieza de Leon, one of the chroniclers of broad credibility, says: "... that the Inca Yupanqui after completing and enriching the Coricancha temple was intended to build a second temple of the sun, which would obscure their wealth to all existing then and used to guard the treasures of the Incas. " Following this purpose, or Pachacuteq Inka Yupanqui, to effectuate such work sent for twenty thousand men from all provinces of Tawantinsuyo and applied the system of "mita", ie shift work. People forced to send the necessary provision for the support of workers. These 20 000 men, according to Cieza de Leon, tasks were distributed as follows: "... all four thousand of them break the stones and the stones taken out, the six thousand were bringing large leather cordage and twine, the others were opening the open trench and the foundation, moving some to split wood and beams cut woodwork. And to be a pleasure these people made their accommodation each bias case, with which he had to do the building. Today seem most of the walls of the houses they had. Looking as they went providers and teachers were great and much delicacy, and so on a hill that was in the northern part of the city, on top of it, little more than a musket shot was made this natural force that call home from the sun and call our strength. " Always drawing on contemporary sources, who built this magnificent piece of architecture were older teachers Huallpa Rimachi Apu Inka who was the author of the work plans, was succeeded by Maricanchi Inka, Inka Acahuana then who would attribute the large buildings Tiawanaco and finally Cunchuy Calla, who in his time, they say, is carrying the "Saycusca Rumi" or tired stone, which according to legend wept blood. The Spanish founded the city of Cusco was the beginning of the destruction of Sacsayhuaman, as the Cathedral of Cusco and the rest of the temples, monasteries, lots and homes of the residents of the city were built with carved stones of Sacsayhuaman.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK PIKILLAQTA

Location Province: Quispicanchi District: Oropesa, Lucre, Andahuaylillas Pikillaqta Archaeological Park is located 32 km from the city of Cusco, in the province of Quispicanchi. Has been declared as such by the National Executive Resolution No. 396 of 2002. Access It is accessed by paved road from Cusco-Arequipa-Puno Urcos. Extension Length: 4, 464.12 hectares Perimeter: 28.510 meters linear Photos: 1. Archaeological Site Caaracay 2. Rumiqollqa home 3. Archaeological Site Choquepujio 4. Rumiqollqa home and aqueduct Wari Page 14: Monumental Archaeological Zone Pikillaqta / Page 15: Sector Tamboracay History: Pikillaqta Archaeological Park is a repository of a wealth of archaeological evidence corresponding to different periods and phases of human occupation by different ethnic groups in the Lucre valley and surrounding areas, from social organizational forms simple to complex. They were able to develop knowledge and technology that are in valuable examples of urban planning, religious architecture, hydraulics, agriculture and road. The background Pikillaqta back a thousand years BC when the basin was populated by Huacarpay Marcavalle and Chanapata, who occupied vast territories in the queswa and heights, with the principal activity in the upper pasture and agriculture in the lowlands. However, the expansion of the Wari culture (600 BC) brings urban patterns that can still be seen. To tell the archaeologist Luis Lumbreras, "Wari architecture in general the pattern of rectangular rooms is high and thick walls, surrounded by walls higher and thicker than a way to define neighborhood areas. " This settlement, like all cities of Wari influence, had high population density, as can be evidenced by urban planning, districts and sectors composed of orthogonally arranged, rectangular, bounded by walls of great height, shaping his character utilitarian and religious-ceremonial use. After removal of the Wari, for conquest and domination of the valley, the Incas subjugated the people known as Pinagua and Muyna. The chronicler Guaman Poma de Ayala, when referring to Sinchiroca Inka says: "He conquered all the apricots and won all Collasuyo .... Tocay confirming the presence of Capac as the first ruler of Muyna and Pinay Pinagua Capac. " In Pikillaqta you have an intense occupation and domination of the Wari culture, also showing archaeological sites, architectural construction Muyucancha a circular, Sarunas (cantilevered stairs) for agricultural use, Choquepujio, which shows a continuous cultural sequence from the horizon useful early until late, allowing us to understand and establish the emergence of large Inka State; Yunkapunku Bridge, which connected from the area Kjanabamba, to the provinces of Paucartambo Quispicanchi; home Rumiqolqa, consisting of huge stone pieces finely carved cyclopean masonry on top of which an aqueduct that brought water to the city of Pikillaqta;

Tamboraccay, which has a rectangular enclosure with trapezoidal niches and bays; Escalerayoq composed of a system of terraces and Kaaraccay Which showed the 40 rectangular rooms, distributed in longitudinal and transverse, and divided by three blocks wide. This important archaeological site is one of the most emblematic of the Wari occupation, showing that his provincial location considered the need for new resources that could be exploited in this region and in the jungle, because of their connection through the network vial. ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK TIPON Location Province: Quispicanchi District: Oropesa Tipn Archaeological Park is located in the Choquepata community in the district of Oropesa, province of Quispicanchi, department of Cusco. Archaeological Park was declared by the National Executive Resolution No. 393 of 2002. Access It is accessible via paved road Cusco - Oropesa at km. 23 Extension Area: 239.00 ha Perimeter: 6.445 meters linear Photos: Back Qenqo 1. Primary Source 2. Petroglyphs Cruzmoqo 3. Wall Tipn Page 21: Water Falls / Lithic of Cruzmoqo / Panoramic view of the platforms of Tipon History: According to chronicler Garcilaso de la Vega, Tipon was built by the Inka Wiraqocha residence and refuge for his father Yawar Wakaq overthrown by leak during a rebellion Chankas. Garcilaso mentions that, by agreement, to avoid a civil war, father and son "... then drew a royal house, including the narrowness of Muyna and Quespicancha, a fun site with all the gifts and goodies that might imagine ..." According to the Certificate of Thanks issued by Francisco Pizarro, the region Pinagua ranged from Watanay the narrowness of the river to its mouth in the river Vilcanota Wambutio sector. Following this definition, the April 1, 1549, Francisco Pizarro awarded to Don Diego Maldonado "Quispicanchis Finance, "including its highlands of Qolkaiqe, where is Tipon. In the Republican period, Dr. Francisco Garmendia purchase in 1851 the estate "La Glorieta", including its mill and its highlands, the latter housed the Inca constructions of Tipon. This land was inherited by Ramon and Victor Garmendia Nadal, Francisco Garmendia children. On the death of Victor, his widow, Mercedes Alvistur, takes possession of the estate for over 40 years and then delivers it in award Santolalla Ramon Castro, the December 5, 1952. With the agrarian reform of

1968, the estate passed into the hands of the commoners of Choquepata to recovery of the monument by the National Institute of Culture, Ministry of Culture today. Tipn Archaeological Park is a pre-Hispanic settlement shows occupation from pre-Inca times, to the Inca. Its geographical location, its ecological richness and extraordinary architectural evidence showing a masterful hydraulic steering, we attach great importance, capable of surprising the world. Its main sectors are the ceremonial plaza in a "U", with large trapezoidal niches associated with two water distribution channels, and beautiful series of ceremonial sources articulated by a channel matrix that is divided to provide water to two sources ceremonial (Phaqcha), which in the Inca period and still remain sacred places where people worship the liquid element, the 13 agricultural terraces, also in a "U"which vary in length according to the topography and were built with high-volume stone elements at the same time, form retaining walls. Complete the archaeological site as Intiwatana sectors, characterized by a succession of terraces, which are shaped like a truncated pyramid; Cruzmoqo, located at the top of the park where you can see petroglyphs engraved in low relief show spirals and points aligned. From this site, you can see the city of Cusco and the mountains of Pachatusan, Ausangati and Mamasimona. Also mentioned Iglesiaraqui sector, which has a large rectangular enclosure in which the angles are evidence of plaster of mud and straw, Pukara, located on a hillside with defined areas of agricultural and urban use ceremonial Canal leading Pukara awinpugio up water from the bottom of Sulluqaqa, irrigating agricultural areas Pukara, Rayanpuqro, Pukutuyoqpampa, Qasanapampa. Other sectors are complementary Grupokancha, with four buildings located near the spring and Sinkunakancha, which is located on a small hill to rectangular enclosures, arranged around a courtyard kancha way. Tipn settlement is one of the most representative of Hydraulic Engineering inka.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK RAQCHI Location Province: Canchis District: San Pedro, Ink Raqchi Archaeological Park is located in the community of Raqchi, San Pedro district, province of Canchis in the department of Cusco. He was recognized as such by the National Executive Resolution No. 392-2009 Access It is accessed by road, using the road Cusco-Puno. At the height of 121 km using a passable pedestrian trail that leads to the archaeological site on the left side of the road. Extension Area: 1, 097.00 ha Perimeter: 1,091 meters History: Raqchi, is a settlement pre-Hispanic religious, political and urban center in memory of the Andean god Viracocha, the main deity of the Incas. The most important sector is the temple, the structure is 91 meters long by 28 wide and an average height of 12.30 meters. In the middle, the exhibition shows 11 points of support for the roof structure. To the east you can

see a wide esplanade related to the function of the temple. According to written information, it is known that the Incas, after defeating the Chankas, began its expansion into the Collasuyo, subjecting Canchis and Kanas. The writers have different versions regarding the construction of Raqchi. Cieza de Leon attributed to the Inka Tupac Yupanqui, Juan de Betanzos states that it was the Inca Wayna Capac, while Bernabe Cobo and Garcilaso de la Vega believe that the Inca Viracocha sent it to build. Researchers agree that the church has a gable roof kallanka shaped, with side windows and connecting passages, where they settled many people. The temple is related to the volcano Kinsachata, huaca considered a very important base on which there are graves, retaining walls and chullpas. The majesty of the temple is expressed in a unique structure whose walls are high in iconography is manifest religious continuity. The stone plinth is still visible today is the dark red paint, showing the step sign decorating the empty spaces. The chronicles also note that there was a statue of the god Viracocha. Juan de Betanzos Ticsi recounts the emergence of Viracocha as follows: ".... Viracocha to reach the village of Canas Cacha territory is attacked by those who did not recognize him, but he makes fire come down from heaven, but to surrender of Indians stops him with a stick. The Indians built a guaca in memory of these facts and Viracocha, with a statue in stone as five yards high and wide with lots of gold. He saw the "burn" and asked the Indians said that Viracocha Cacha wore a white robe and short hair and a crown on the head like a priest. Raqchi archaeological site was abandoned early in the colony when the population was divided into reductions in San Pedro and Ink. This allowed the illegal excavations and plundering of the temple of Viracocha constant in order to extract gold and other riches of the architectural structure. Within the boundary of the park are the archaeological sites: Machaqmarka Andenes, consisting of two overlapping sections, the first of which consists of 4 walls and the second of 5 walls, Choquepuquio, also composed of 5 walls facing east and west Inkallaqta, consisting of circular structures unevenly distributed; Kinsachata which is one of the most important because it contains the main apus as Kinsachata Yakas and tombs showing circular structure, containment platforms near the crater and circular enclosures; Qosqo Qocha with funerary structures, distributed without any order; Huchuna Huayco, formed by overlapping walls and funerary structures attached to rocky cliffs and Yakas Andenes, Yanamancha, and Quea Urapampa They also highlight Raqay Inka sites, a square-shaped kancha inka, the smaller temple known as "quarters of the busts" Qollqas, which is a set of 152 precincts circular shape with a diameter of 8 meters Usno Mesapata, which contains the water catchment manante distributing a 5-way pipelines to sinks, Camino Inka, with walls that delimit; Chaski Wasi, by way of a field with 8 rooms and their perimeter wall of 217.14 meters, the Wall with two covers, by entering two highways, and the Aqueduct, which is located outside the wall, with a length of 1609 meters, oriented north to south. Photos: Temple Wiraqocha Qolqas

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK PISAQ Location Province: Calca District: Pisac Pisac Archaeological Park is located in the district of Pisac province Calca in the Cusco department. Set out by the National Executive Resolution No. 429-2002 Access You get to the park by Calca Cusco-paved road, following a footpath distance of 7 kilometers to the district Intihuatana. Extension Area: 9.063 ha Perimeter: 43.340 meters linear Photos: Previous page: Andenes Qosqo 1. Qallaqasa Sector 2. Qosqo platforms 3. Amaru Punku Page 33: Keeps sector Hospitalniyoq History: According to the chronicler Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pisac was built in the period of Inka Pachakuteq as cottage and recreation of the ruler, taking the pattern of the city of Cusco. It was supposedly a "real estate" and therefore belonged to Panaca or kinship group. The name "Pisac" probably comes from the Quechua "Pisac" which refers to the partridge, gallinaceous that abounds in the area. This pre-Hispanic settlement consists of a set of structures used for religious, agricultural, and military ceremonial, grouped according to function, most of them concentrated in the top of the set and have a stunning visual framework of the "Sacred Valley". Its location on top of the mountain, strategic and impregnable, allows you to master a wide sector of the area and the valley that runs to the Antisuyo. The best known of Pisac is the solar observatory called Intiwatana is only part of the complex of buildings that constitute the walled fortress and the platforms on the gulf and surrounding areas of Hanan and Hurin Pisaq. Pisac has a "planning"based on the topographic configuration of the terrain. This adaptation to the environment can recognize the following sectors: Intiwatana ceremonial center, Inka Qonqorina urban sector, K'allak'asa, Kantusraqay, Hospitalniyoq, Qoriwayrachina, Q'entemuyurina, network of roads and agricultural terraces. All these sectors are associated with agricultural terraces and present architecture with rustic walls rig, simple, concerted and thin, and in some cases compounds. Also appreciate adobe walls on stone foundations. In the archaeological investigations carried out in the area, recovered cultural material associated

with construction, we identify the existence of buildings belonging to the settlements Killke (preInca) and Inka. Pisac is made approximately 93 archaeological sites. The Metis people located on the bottom, was established between 1571 and 1572, for implementing the system of tax reductions by the Viceroy Francisco de Toledo, who ordered the collection, reduction and control "the Indians", forcing them to live in towns order not to give to idleness, to protect them and remove them from their "heathen", teaching the Christian religion for incorporation into civilization, they were scattered avoiding.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF MORAY Location Province: Urubamba District: Maras It is located in the jurisdiction of the rural community of Mullakas Misminay, northeastern district of Maras, province of Urubamba, department of Cusco. Access Access to archaeological site is done in two ways: first, the road Cusco-Urubamba, Maras-Moray joining at a distance of 9 kilometers (road to the town of Maras) and the other from the town by a trail Cruzpata carrozable 12 kilometers. Extension Area: 37.50 ha Perimeter: 2,407 meters History: The word "Moray"had something to do with the harvest of maize called "Aymoray", or the month of May, whose name was the same, and also with dehydrated potato is moraya. Moray is a system of platforms by way of concentric rings. Each circle includes a terrace that overlaps another, forming circles are expanding. You can access each other climbing rocks projections (Sarunas), set in the wall. For students, this place was probably an agricultural research center Inkaiko time where experiments were conducted at different heights crop. The arrangement of platforms produces a microclimate gradient taking the center of the concentric circles that a higher temperature is gradually reduced outward at lower temperatures, thus being able to simulate up to 20 different types of microclimates. Contemporary studies found variations in average temperatures of up to 5 C. Due to its sheltered position, each of these platforms represent about one thousand meters of altitude in normal tillage. As a whole, the complex would contain twenty or more scale ecological zones. It is believed that the place may have served as a model for calculating agricultural production not only of the Urubamba Valley, but also from different parts of Tawantinsuyo. Several theories explain the use of Moray in prehispanic times. According to historian Edward Ranney, the Incas used terraces for agriculture as a special, perhaps for the cultivation of the coca

leaf. John Earls claims to have discovered standing stones on the terraces, the same that marked the boundaries of the shadows of the evening during the equinoxes and solstices. Local people call these stones ustas. "This research concludes that each terrace reproduce the climatic conditions of different ecological zones of the empire Inkaiko, indicating that these terraces occurred in 60% of the vegetable, three thousand varieties of potatoes, corn, and many others. In sum, it was an important center for domestication, acclimatization and hybridization of wild species, which were adapted for human consumption. This archaeological site still expects researchers to conduct comprehensive work to establish a reliable means of data on plant species that were domesticated and cultivated here and explain how how to filter water flowing through aqueducts. They are supposed to be underground channels, natural or constructed, allowing the liquid element lead. Another possibility is that this infrastructure could be setting up a porous rock formation to facilitate water seepage into the ground. Until now, the bottom terrace has never flooded, even during the rainy season, when rainfall is intense and prolonged. Photos: Page 37: vertical channels on the platform Moray circular 1. Terraces of Moray - South Side 2 Moray Central Sector 3. Kuchimuyu Sector

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK CHINCHERO Location Province: Urubamba District: Chinchero Located in the town of Chinchero, in the district of the same name, province of Urubamba. Archaeological Park was declared by the National Executive Resolution No. 515 of 2005. Access Accessed by paved road (Cusco - Chinchero) at a distance of 30 km. Extension Area: 43.10 ha Perimeter: 2,638.30 Photos: 1. View Wall Capellampampa 2. North side of the industry Capellampampa 3. Wataycarcel Sector Page 45: Rocks carved on the sector Southeast / Sector Munaypata

History: From the chronological point of view, the pre-Hispanic settlement was occupied by Chinchero Killke ethnicity, pre-Inca culture, linked to agriculture and grazing activities of South American camelids. Archaeological research in the field of ceramics have highlighted Capellanpampa affiliated with that time. Chinchero Inca palaces belong to the founding of Tupac Yupanqui, who took special care in planning, pattern to be built and treatment of architecture. To do this, called the best builders and teachers of Tawantinsuyo, considering that it was a residence for the Inca elite, linked to the sacred apus as Salkantay, Veronica and Soraq. In 1493, over eighty years, culminating his government and retired to live in Chinchero, where he dies. Archaeological studies conducted in the area of the square, the church, the atrium and surrounding environments, confirm that the Inca city was reoccupied during the period preceding colonial building structures, construction of the colonial church. In a report episcopal, 1550, mentions that in the place of today was built Chinchero Monserrate Parish, religious monument keeps exquisite mural painter Diego Cusihuamn quality canvases and large format painting Cusco, with iconography life of the virgin, the indigenous painter Francisco Chihuantito. Complete the richness of the Christian campus baroque altarpieces and other examples of colonial art. Archaeologist Jos Alcina Franch Spanish documents indicate that the year 1583, "speaking of the Distribution of a Cupirpongo Chinchero and Don Francisco Loayza entrusted to this date should match the destruction of Indian burial ground, which is related to the construction of the channel Piuray Cuzco and Chinchero church "giving it a monumental character set and is presented as a demonstration of attainment and the development of Inca architecture. The archaeological monument has been built with gigantic stones that rise, with great beauty, at the top, capping and affirming its monumentality observed enclosures, temples and terraces arranged in two major sectors: urban, consisting of a set of rooms residential and ceremonial for the noble class and the agricultural terraces composed Pumaqaqa, Chincana and Condorqaqa. These constructions are adapted to the turn of the field and have great aesthetic value Chinchero historically fulfilled the role of main road to the Sacred Valley of the Incas, a fact evidenced by the Qhapaq Nan Chinchero Urquillos and the road linking with Chinchero Saqsaywaman.

Ollantaytambo PARK

Location Province: Urubamba District: Ollantaytambo Ollantaytambo Archaeological Park is located in the district of the same name, in the province of Urubamba, department of Cusco. It was declared as such by the National Executive Resolution No. 395 of 2002 Access Accessed by paved roads Chinchero Cusco-Urubamba-Ollantaytambo and Cusco, Pisac, Calca-

Urubamba-Ollantaytambo. Extension Area: 34.800 ha Perimeter: 156.350 meters linear Photos: Previous: superior Sector of Inkamisana 1. Sun Temple 2. Ayllu Araqama Sector 3. Choqana Sector

History: The clearest historical reference comes from Ollantaytambo chronicler Sarmiento de Gamboa, who relates: ".... was because he himself Yucay river valley and down to a seat now called Tambo, eight leagues from Cuzco, where to some buildings and work suntuosisimos and albaeria of whom went to work as captive the children of Chuck Capac Collao Cinchi the great ... T hose meanwhile went into the war, Pachacuti, his father, finished buildings Tambo and made ponds and Yucay pleasure house ... " The great Inca ruler Pachakuteq Ollantaytambo was built not only as an inn or store products, but as a llaqta, with several areas for various uses such as the Sun Temple, located at the top, where you can see cyclopean finely carved stone blocks, fine masonry enclosures, with niches and openings of trapezoidal shapes, beautiful fountains, longitudinal and transverse streets are composed of rectangular blocks or platforms kanchas for agriculture. An impressive field of Ollantaytambo are qolqas or tanks used to store products, sited in the middle of the hill Pinkulluna. Its buildings occupy successive levels, separated by small platforms to suit the topography. In the area of town can be seen entering the retaining walls on both sides, one of which is altered while the other maintains its structural composition evidence architectural niches. It is known as the "corridor of the hundred niches. " Ollantaytambo has four ayllus: Qosqo Ayllu Chichaysuyo Ayllu Ayllu and Yanaconas Arak'ama Ayllu. It also includes other sectors such as Q'elloraqay, showing precincts household and ceremonial, and agricultural terraces; Naupa Church consists of platforms, staircases and carved rock called "Wacatrancana" featuring staggered height of signs and geometric figures in high relief; Cachiqhata quarries where stone elements can still be seen carved in different sizes; Perolniyoq rectangular enclosures composed of two floors and a natural waterfall located on the bottom; Pumamarka, with tanks and enclosures for housing and administration, and sector Qolqas of rocks, consisting of rectangular enclosures, aligned in a straight line, with ventilation ducts at floor level without access bays. Ollantaytambo Inca Manco modified to resist the Spanish invasion, built defensive buildings and adapting the spaces or enclosures for household spending the night of the whole army and the imperial entourage. The chronicler Pedro Pizarro, who accompanied the Spanish, tells of the siege

of Ollantaytambo in the following manner: "... the seat where Tambo is very strong, very high platforms and very large stone strengthened. Has a single entrance leaning against a very steep mountain, in all her many people of war with many gauges that have to throw up when the Spanish wanted to come in for the entrance, the door was tall walls of a large part of walled and other stone and very thick mud wall and only a hole in it where an Indian came crawling .... Crossing the river we willing to undertake this level and the entrance were so many facts and gauges that you threw stones and arrows, although there were many more Spanish people that we were, all killed Before their retreat towards Vilcabamba, Manco Inca ordered fire to Ollantaytambo, which is evidenced by the archaeological record traces of the event in the architectural elements. Photos: 1. Maskabamba Sector 2. Inkamisana Sector 3. Sources Manyaraqui

NATIONAL ARCHEOLOGICAL PARK MACHUPICCHU Location Province: Urubamba District: Machupicchu The National Archaeological Park of Machu Picchu is located between km. 82 to 122 to the northwest of the city of Cusco, Machu Picchu in the district, province of Urubamba. Access Access is via the railway line Cusco - Ollantaytambo - Machupicchu, until km 82, where the Inca Trail starts or in 88 or 104 miles. Also at Km 111 in Machu Picchu Pueblo connected by bus to the Inca citadel. There is an alternative route through the district of Santa Teresa in the Province of La Convencin. Extension Area: 38,448.00 hectares Photos: Previous page: City Inka Machupicchu - or more Sector Hanan 1. Eastern Sector of platforms 2. Intipata or Yunkapata 3. Sayaqmarka - Camino Inka History: Machu Picchu is a sacred place of the Andean civilization and becomes the link between the Andes and the Amazon. It was built in the heyday of Tawantinsuyo period and is related to the Andean worship and the sun Pachacuteq

It is one of the wonders of the universal human endeavor, it was built with the best construction techniques in stone, kind of soil suitability, slope and water in the mountains, and sustainable relationship cycles of sun and water with various life forms unique ecosystem. Machu Picchu is a fundamental sample of Andean civilization, one of the six original of humanity, and is an icon of the Peruvian national identity apart from being self-worth of Andean civilization. For many years it was hidden, despite being mentioned in some reviews. The archaeological investigations are pointing out his duties as sacred space. In the nineteenth century, several Peruvian and foreign scholars to make mention of Machu Picchu. Corresponds to Hiram Bingham have put him in the national and global scene in 1911. That first vision reduced it only to the Inca city, but thanks to the multiple investigations of national experts, including several Cusco, has returned to give meaning to the whole space connected to it, specifying its characteristics. Photos: Inca city of Machu Picchu Templo del Sol - Torren Wiaywayna Patallaqta or Q'entemarka Machu Picchu is not only the Inca city. Their planning includes a vast sacred space in which the Inca planned a work whose significance is still under consideration and debate. It has been revealed and appreciated some of its components. The central core was built where the city is associated with the meeting of rivers, to the observations of the sun passes in the cosmos, a circle of sacred mountains, a nexus of the high Andes to go immediately to the jungle. What was built was not the first city foundation and the last Inca resistance. It was built in this huge space a core city with a sacred purpose. The debate is open on several hypotheses about its meaning. One of them said that Machu Picchu was the mausoleum where Pachacuteq, absolute political and religious leader of Tawantinsuyo had built his palace to continue to rule after the death of the Sun, which for us is eternity and was to the Andes active dimensions of the universe. The other hypothesis states that the Inca city had a role in management of genetic resources for experimentation and development of crops that were circulating among the high Andes and the jungle, the other was a political and religious center that administered a large territory. Machu Picchu was declared a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1983, recognizing its unique cultural and natural symbiosis of a human construction in harmony and balance with their natural environment. For your protection, conservation and enhancement, the Peruvian government established the Archaeological Park and the Natural Protected Area, which have the same definition and scope, and is called Sanctuary. Despite its sacred character of natural symbiosis-cultural and identity element, Machu Picchu was managed initially prioritizing their tourism value, but in the last decade raises and approves the Master Plan from its cultural value. Is recognized as a wonder of the world for its stunning architecture and its cultural significance to the Andes. Choquequirao PARK

Location Province: Urubamba Choquequirao Archeological Park is located on the right bank of the Apurimac River, on the hillside of the same name, near the Snowy Mountains Qoriwayrachina of Salkantay. Politically, it belongs to the district of Santa Teresa, Province of La Convencin, department of Cusco. 2001, by Supreme Resolution No. 050 and National Resolution No. 512, was recognized as the Park of Choquequirao Vilcabamba, with an area of 522,878.30 hectares and a perimeter of 367.090 meters linear. However, the Choquequirao archeological area, has an area of 1,810.00 hectares and a perimeter of 20.940 meters linear. Photos: 1. View of the Temple Hurin 2. Sector flames 3. Paqchayoq Sector Page 65: Ceremonial Area priests History: The most accepted hypothesis about the construction of Choquequirao maintains that it was built between the second half of XV century and the early decades of the sixteenth century when the Incas began their conquest of new territories Antisuyo. Choquequirao is considered one of the last bastions of resistance and refuge of the Incas, who by order of Manco Inka, about 1535, left the Cusco, a city besieged by the Spanish - to regroup in the region of Vilcabamba. The first reference to Choquequirao expeditions dating from after the Spanish invasion. The Chronicles indicate it was an ancient city and when the Spanish arrived and was depopulated and abandoned. The first explorer to give news of a fortress called "Chuquiquirau"was the Spanish explorer Juan Arias Daz Topete, the year 1710. Choquequirao a written record dating from 1768 by Cosme Bueno. In 1790, Paul Joseph Origan mentioned - in his "Compendium of Cuzco Geographic News" - a depopulated city since antiquity with the name of Choqequirau. In 1834, the Prefect of Cusco, Jose Maria Tejada, travels to the citadel attracted by the legends of treasures in Vilcabamba, also in 1837, Leonce Angrand mapped the first place, but their maps were put into oblivion. In 1909, Hiram Bingham and the surveyor Clarence Hay visited Choquequirao and developed a very thorough description of the site, the citadel gained further attention from the government, archaeologists and tourists. The first excavations of the twentieth century, were made in the 70's and since 1986 intensive studies are comprehensive plans that include research and value of the monument. Because of its location, is likely to have been the most important religious center occupied by the Inca priests and a great political and economic center that served as cultural and commercial enclave between the sea, the mountains and jungle. The finding of paintings and cemeteries in the area confirm the role of religious center. We have determined the seats, the upper (Hanan), the main (Auqaypata), bottom (Hurin), deposits (qolqas) the system of cultivation terraces immediately to the main square (Chaqra Anden), the ceremonial platform (Ushno ) and housing for the priests in the bottom of the hill.

Choquequirao has many two-story buildings with niches inside. The materials used were quarried stone with mud mortar. There are 22 representations to figures known as "Flames of the Sun" ready in 15 platforms with snowy Qoriwayrachina direction. According to archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras, Choquequirao must have been a growing urban center, part of a larger project that much more remained incomplete.

Ministry of Culture Regional Direction of Cultural Cusco Avenida de la Cultura 238-B Cusco - Peru www.drc-cusco.gob.pe Design and layout: Management Institutional Image Edit: Ms. Ana Palomino Sotomayor Design: Mr. Aldo Nuez Palace Proofreading: Mg. Arminda Gibaja Oviedo Support: Ms. Anala Huamn Benavente / Loaiza Roco Carrasco / Moises Cuba Mayorga / Ruperto Marquez Huaillasi

Photo: File COSITUC and Institutional File Management Cultural Cusco April 2011 Cusco - Peru Print: Danny's Graf EIRL. 240 Calle Q'ero Cusco - Peru Legal Deposit in the Library Peru's national No. 2011-05659