Tendons, Ligaments, and Joints

Denitions Tendon: Strong white brous tissue that connects a muscle to a bone or other structure. Ligament: A band of brous tissue connecting bones or cartilages, serving to support and strengthen joints. Tendons Supercial digital exor Deep digital exor Common digital extensor Ligaments Nuchal ligament Suspensory ligament Tendon and Ligament Injuries Disruption of the connective tissue bers Clot formation Granulation tissue Loss of mobility Classication of Joints Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial Splint bone, sacroiliac Adjacent vertebrae Fetlock, stie, hock Development of the Joint

Anatomy of the Synovial Joint

Articular surface Joint capsule Ligaments Tendons Synovial uid Menisci

Movement of the Synovial Joint Gliding/sliding Flexion Extension Hyperextension Rotation Abduction/adduction Circumduction The Joints of the Forelimb Shoulder Elbow Carpus Radiocarpal Intercarpal Carpometacarpal Fetlock Pastern

Cofn The Joints of the Hindlimb Sacro-iliac Coxo-femoral (hip) Stie Femoropatellar Femorotibial Hock Tibiotarsal Intertarsal Tarsometatarsal Fetlock Pastern Cofn Joint Disease in the Equine Athlete Lameness Performance limiting Resale value "Young Horse" Diseases Developmental Orthopedic Disease Osteochondrosis Limb Deformities Epiphysitis Juvenile Arthritis "Old Horse" Diseases Traumatic Event Single Injury Blunt Trauma - Sprains/Fractures Penetrating Wounds Repetitive Movement Fetlocks and knees in racing horses Hocks in jumping or dressage horses Degenerative Joint Disease Damage to joint capsule Chronic Inmmation Reactive Cartilage Bony changes (splints)