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Chapter 5.2: Using Newtons Laws

Objectives (p. 93): 1.) Distinguish between weight and mass 2.) Understand the nature of friction and use the co-effecient of friction to solve problems 3.) Know net force and calculate acceleration from it 4.) Understand free-fall, the causes of air resistance, and terminal velocity Before You Read: K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned

a=v / t

Equation Bank: f=ma

W=mg

Mass and Weight

Denition of weight: The gravitational force exerted by a large body, usually Earth, ! ! ! is called weight. Weight is measured in newtons like all ! ! ! other forces

Clarifying 9.80 m/s2, the value of g, for this section: Take a look at middle paragraph on pg 76. Now look at the second paragraph on pg 94. You might have noticed that it appears to be two different values for the same thing- the constant g. On 76 it says -9.80 m/s2, and on 94 it says 9.80 m/s2 in the downward direction. While numerically they say appear to say different things, by adding the statement in the downward direction, the textbook squeezes by what might have looked like a typo. For this section, the book asks you now to write the direction rather than show the (-) or (+) sign. Frustrating, I know...lets just roll with it.

On the Earth, what is the weight of a 2.00-kg mass? 19.6 N, down Solve practice problems 5, 6, and 8. Please solve them on a separate sheet of paper. Credit is given for showing work. Answers are (to check your work against): 5a) 1.11 N! 5b) 1.06 x 103 N! 5c) 8.50 x 103N 6a) 10 kg! 6b)8.2 kg! ! 6c) 0.10kg 2N! 2N! 8a) 7.4 x 10 8b) 2.9 x 10 8c)9.1 m/s2 You do not feel your weight. What is it instead that you are feeling? (pg 95) You are feeling the surface you are on pushing against you. This is the third law of motion.

Two Kinds of Mass

Mass vs. Weight: This is it...the battle royale of puzzling questions being addressed. Especially for the question on the difference of scales versus triplebeam balances. A bathroom scale is assumed to measure mass because it is weighing something (the force of your mass in combination with gravity) on a planet that generally speaking has the same gravity everywhere. We ignore the fact that you are actually measuring a force rather than mass. However, if you remember from chapter 4, gravity can change slightly depending where you are. This is where a triple-beam balance is different. It factors out gravity by using a constant-known mass as a comparison. Remember those metal masses you slide on the beam to balance the tray out? Those are constant masses. It doesnt matter where on the Earth you measure mass with a triple beam balance because the masses you measure against are the same. If you took a triple beam balance to another planet, the masses would be the same. Weight is factored out. Whew. Hoped that helped.

Move the equation for the 2nd law of motion around to solve for mass: m=F/a What is inertial mass? It is the ratio of the net force exerted on the object and its acceleration. What it really means: It is the amount force needed to accelerate it. Are gravitational mass and inertial mass the same? Very precise experiments show that they are equal in accuracy for experiments. Translation: Yes, in our class. Maybe not at CERN or some weird place in the universe.

Friction
Friction is....the force that opposes the motion between two surfaces that are in contact. Compare static and sliding friction (pg 96 and 97) Static=the force that opposes the start of a motion. Sliding=the force between surfaces already in motion. If you are spinning uncontrollably in a car, would you like to have sliding or static friction helping you? Static friction... A car will stop faster if the wheels are not skidding Using a law of motion, explain friction. According to the 3rd law of motion, an equal and opposing force in a surface is pushing back on an object. The object moves presumably because its mass and/ or acceleration is greater than the force pushing back In this textbook, what will we assume about surface area and the coefcient of friction? (pg. 97)

Coefcient of Friction explained: This idea of physics is best viewed by looking at the equation: Ff=FN. This equation essential says that there is a variable that directly manipulates the force moving an object. When you take that variable into consideration, you will have friction. Look to part a in the example problem on page 99 to see how to solve a problem asking for a coeffecient of friction.

Solve practice problems 9, 10a, and 11. Please solve them on a separate sheet of paper. Credit is given for showing work. Answers are (to check your work against): 9. a) 625N, upward! ! ! b) 675 N c) 553 N, upward 10a) 0.69