Tugas Personal 5

Wireless Technologies and the Modern Organization

1. Examine how new data capture devices such as RFID tags help organizations accurately

identify and segment their customers for activities such as targeted marketing. What issues would arise if a countrys laws mandated that such devices be embedded in everyones body as a national identification system? Answer : There are generally three types of RFID tags: active RFID tags, which contain a battery and can transmit signals autonomously, passive RFID tags, which have no battery and require an external source to provoke signal transmission and battery assisted passive (BAP) which require an external source to wake up but have significant higher forward link capability providing great read range .Today, RFID is used in enterprise supply chain management to improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and management. Besides that, RFID also can help organizations accurately indentify and segment their customers for activities such as targeted marketing. It can be used in order for avoiding theft and tracking anything. In terms of security, It would be much safer. After browsing the internet on RFID new potential applications, we found that RFID can be used in a variety of applications such as: a. Tracking of persons and animals. b. Toll collection and contactless payment. c. Machine readable travel documents.
d. Smart dust (for massively distributed sensor networks).

e. Location-based services.
f. Tracking Sports memorabilia to verify authenticity.

g. Access management.

h. Tracking of goods and RFID in retail. The issues that will arise are: Security experts will warn against using RFID for authenticating people due to the risk of identity theft. For instance a man-in-the-middle attack would make it possible for an attacker to steal the identity of a person in real-time. Due to the resource constraints of RFIDs it is virtually impossible to protect against such attack models as this would require complex distancebinding protocols. The implications that RFID might be used to track or provide information about a person, by implanting the device under the skin, some believe that devices such as this, will allow people to be tracked at all times.
2. Using a search engine, try to determine whether there are any commercial Wi-Fi hotspots

in your area. (Hint: Access www.wifinder.com). Enter www.wardriving.com. Based on information provided at this site, what sorts of equipment and procedures could you use to locate hotspots in your area? Answer : Equipment and procedures could you use to locate hotspots in your area based on www.wardriving.com : Necessary Equipment: - Laptop Computer - At least a pentium 100 with a free PCMCIA slot and serial port for GPS.
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802.11b-compliant wireless ethernet card. The Software, Linux, BSD, Windows, Mac, everyone is supported. Optional: GPS receiver for location tracking. A way to get around, a car, bus, subway, walking, bike.

What is wardriving?

The 802.11 networking standard, also known as, "Wireless Ethernet", WiFi, and Wireless LAN has become very popular with Internet users and Corporations looking for a cost-effective LAN extension that is easy to implement and provides reliable service. The most popular implementation (as of April 2002) is 802.11b. The 2.4Ghz range, 11Mb speed wireless LAN variety. 802.11b encompasses all of the aforementioned characteristics, yet poorly implements one of the most fundamental aspects of networking, the security. What is the point of providing this type of service to your employees or even your family if you cannot guarantee that their communications are secure. At least with a wireless phone, someone cannot drive by your house and rack up your phone bill. This is exactly the problem with Wireless Ethernet. People can drive, walk or other wise approach the area that the wireless equipment can transmit in, and share your internet access or connect to your computer. This process is known as "wardriving", or "LAN jacking". What do I need to go Wardriving? Computer The minimum requirement is an easily transported computer, 486 or faster with a PCMCIA slot for the wireless card. The recommended configuration is a Pentium 233 or better Laptop with one free PCMCIA slot for the wireless card and a serial port for the GPS. The super-stealth configuration is a laptop or sub-notebook concealed within a backpack with antenna and GPS attached. A laptop is not required, if you have the space and capacity to take a full-sized computer with you, then as long as you have a wireless card it will work. Wireless Cards Wireless cards let your computer talk to other computers, much like an Ethernet card or a modem, just without the wires. Most 802.11b cards come in the PCMCIA form factor. Some regular 802.11 gear consisted of SSA's (Single Station Adapters) which acted as media translators between wireless and an Ethernet card. However the PCMCIA form is most popular. There are adapters to fit these cards into full-size computers through the PCI or ISA bus. Linux does work the ISA variety, Windows with both ISA and PCI. Antennas

Antennas are optional, but if you want to remain at a relatively safe distance or you simply cannot approach the effective area of the wireless access point, then they are a must. Many companies that sell cards, will also sell you an antenna, but many cards do not come equipped with a jack to plug an antenna in. So many have resorted to modifying cards to add jacks or soldering wires to the built in antennas of their cards. Those same people are building antennas from everything from Pringles cans to PVC pipe. These are mainly directional designs, more commonly know as "yagi" style antennas. They focus the 2.4Ghz wave, usually through a condenser, to an element specifically placed in the antenna. These designs can be quite complicated, so prior experience with HAM radio or antenna building would be a good idea. Software While this HOWTO mainly focuses on Linux, there are wardriving tools available for Macintosh, Linux, BSD and Windows. There are many programs, these are just a few notable ones, check wardriving.com for others.
a. Netstumbler is the most popular program for Windows and Lucent/Orinoco and other

Hermes-based chipset wireless cards. (http://www.netstumbler.org)

b. Airsnort is Linux program that breaks WEP encryption with Prism2 based chipset.

(http://airsnort.shmoo.com/)
c. Wellenreiter is a Linux sniffer that works with both Hermes and Prism2 cards.

(http://www.remote-exploit.org)
d. Ap Scanner is a Macintosh program (http://homepage.mac.com/typexi/Personal1.html)

e. Mognet is Java based program, portable. (http://http://www.chocobospore.org/)

GPS:Why should I have a GPS unit? A question that I hear often. The GPS unit is used to output GPS coordinates to the computers' serial port. When you find a wireless LAN, many programs will log the exact coordinates (down to a few feet) of the effective range of that wireless LAN. The standard

protocol is called NEMA, and will continuously dump to a serial port, via a special cable at 9600,8,N,1. This is an optional piece of equipment if you have a good memory or street signs to look at, but if you want to cover a large area in a short amount of time, or are doing this alone, they are essential. Most GPS units run from $100 on up to the thousands. The Garmin eTrex is nice for it's size and the 12V + Serial cable.