UNIT 2: The Chemistry of Life Biology I DAYSHEET 23: Introduction to Enzymes Name _____________________________________ Date: __________ Bellringer: Directions:

On the SOL, GRAPHS AND TABLES ARE YOUR FRIEND! These questions usually do not require any specific scientific knowledge to answer you just have to CAREFULLY read the graph or table! Look at the graphs and tables below and write one complete sentence describing what each graph is showing. Then answer the SOL question.
1. This table shows ____________________

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2. This graph shows ___________________

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3. This table shows ____________________

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4. This graph shows ___________________

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Activity 1: Demo and Making Predictions

Directions: Record observations about what you see in the boxes below. Then use the lines to write a possible explanation for what is happening.

Raw Potato Observations

Boiled Potato Observations

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Cornell Notes Activity Objective: Notes Biology 1: Cornell

Essential Questions

Notes: All of the chemical reactions in your body are called ___________________ Enzymes are a type of _____________________________ Enzymes are made of _____________________________ Enzymes are __________________ = things that speed up chemical reaction

#1:

STOP-AND-JOT: How do enzymes help metabolism function? ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

#2:
Enzymes work by lowering ___________________________ energy= the energy needed to get a reaction started Activation energy works just like ________________________________ , slowing down chemical reactions Lowering activation energy ______________________ chemical reactions! Complete the graph below to show how enzymes work:

STOP-AND-JOT: What is the difference between a catalyzed and an uncatalyzed reaction? ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ How do enzymes catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions? ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

Essential Questions

Notes:

#3:
_____________________ = the molecule(s) an enzyme attaches to ____________________________ = part of the enzyme that fits the substrate An enzyme fits onto its substrate like a _____________________________ Label the following in the above picture: enzyme, substrate, active site

SUMMARY:

Directions: Use the graph below and your notes and answer the questions
1

1. Which letter on the graph represents the reactants? _______ 2. Which letter on the graph represents the products? _________ 3. Which letter(s) on the graph represent(s) the activation energy? ________ 4. Which line (1 or 2) on the graph represents a reaction with an enzyme? ______ 5. Which line (1 or 2) on the graph represents an uncatalyzed reaction? _______ 6. What do enzymes do? _____________________________________________
1 _________________________________________________________________

Activity 3: Lab Pre-Reading

Purpose: To learn about the enzyme catalase Task: Preview the questions on the left side. Use your reading strategies (underlining, highlighting, etc.) while you read. Answer the questions after reading each section. Outcome: Answer the pre-lab questions in complete sentences!
1. Why do we need enzymes?

Enzymes are proteins in living things that speed up chemical reactions. Most of the things you do on a daily basis moving, eating, eliminating waste involve chemical reactions. Left alone, these reactions would happen really slow or not at all and you would die. But enzymes speed up these reactions so that our bodies can function. Because enzymes speed up reactions we call them catalysts.

2. Why is the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate compared to a lock-and-key?

The molecule s that enzymes work with are called substrates. A substrate attaches to the enzyme at a place on the enzyme called the active site. An enzymes active site fits perfectly with its substrate like a lock and key.


3. Why is it important for our enzymes that we keep our bodys temperature and pH stable?

An enzyme has to fit together perfectly with its substrate. So if an enzyme loses its shape it wont work anymore. Some things that can make an enzyme lose its shape are changes in temperature or pH. When an enzyme loses its shape we say that it has denatured.

Denatured enzyme

4. What does the enzyme catalase do?

In this lab we are going to look at one specific enzyme catalase. Catalase is an enzyme found in almost all living things. It breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is a harmful product of certain metabolic reactions, into water and oxygen gas:

2H2O2 2H2O + O2 (gas)

5. How can we tell if catalase is active (working)?

We can see this reaction happen by observing the oxygen gas bubbles. If lots of oxygen gas bubbles are produced, it means the reaction is happening quickly, and the catalase enzyme is very active. If not a lot or no bubbles are produced, it means the reaction is happening slowly or not at all and catalase is not active. STOP: HAVE YOUR TEACHER CHECK YOUR ANSWERS BEFORE YOU PROCEED TO A LAB STATION! Teacher Initials: __________________

Acitivty 4: Perform a Controlled Experiment Directions:

1. Use the forceps (tweezers) to remove one piece of potato from one of the treatments. 2. Place the potato on a paper towel 3. Add 10 drops of hydrogen peroxide to the potato and observe what happens 4. Record your observations in the table below 5. When you have finished testing all the potatoes, place your potatoes and used paper towel in the trash. Place a fresh paper towel at your station.

Treatment of Potato 1. Raw potato

Observations (No bubbles, some bubbles, lots of bubbles)

2. Boiled potato

3. Potato in vinegar (acid)

4. Potato in ammonia (base)

Conclusions: 1. Look back at your pre-lab reading. What happens to enzymes the temperature or pH changes? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What evidence from this lab supports the information in your pre-lab reading? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 5: Writing Quiz Questions

Directions: Use the space below to write quiz or test questions about enzymes. You should vary the type of question (multiple choice, true/false, open-ended, fill-in-the-blank, diagram, graph). You should write the answer underneath the question. If your teacher choses your questions for the next quiz or test, you get extra credit points! Question 1: Answer 1: Question 2: Answer 2: Question 3: Answer 3: Question 4: Answer 4: Question 5: Answer 5: Question 6: Answer 6: Question 7: Answer 7:

HW 23: Enzymes Name: ______________________________

Biology I Date ___________________

Enzymes & Chemical Reactions: Use your reading strategies to receive full credit for your work. Organisms must be able to quickly turn reactants in a chemical reaction into product. This speed helps to ensure proper metabolic function, which maintains homeostasis. This is a key characteristic of life! In class, we discussed speed bumps and their role regulating the speed of traffic on busy streets. Remember that speed bumps are designed to slow traffic down. We have a similar bump in biology! Although speed bumps are necessary when regulating traffic, they can be deadly in living things. The body must be able to lower these bumps to ensure that our chemical reactions happen as quickly as possible. Enzymes are special proteins designed to lower these bumps. In chemical reactions, these bumps are called ACTIVATION ENERGY. The higher the activation energy, the slower the chemical reaction! Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by making these chemical speed bumps smaller. If a chemical reaction has an enzyme present, it is a CATALYZED reaction. Catalyzed reactions will always proceed faster than uncatalyzed reactions. 1. Which statement about enzymes is true? a. Enzymes are consumed during chemical reaction. b. Enzymes provide energy to activate a chemical reaction. c. Enzymes provide a site on which reactants can combine. d. Enzymes increase the concentration of reactant particles. 2. How are enzymes able to speed up biochemical reactions? a. They provide energy to the reactants. b. They absorb energy from the products. c. They lower the activation energy of the reaction. d. They increase the number of available reactant particles.

Look at the graph below to answer questions 3-6.

3. Which of the chemical reactions has a lower activation energy in the graph above, the catalyzed or the uncatalyzed reaction? ______________________________________ 4. Which of the chemical reactions (catalyzed of uncatalyzed) in the graph above will happen at a faster rate? _____________________________________ 5. Which of the chemical reactions above (catalyzed or uncatalyzed) has an enzyme present? _________________________________ 6. Using the graph above, which chemical reaction will have a lower activation energy (with enzyme or without an enzyme)? ___________________________________