MC-CDMA in 4G wireless systems

Senior Researcher

Samsung Electronics Research Institute (UK) Paris, 11 & 12 May 2005

2005 The MathWorks, Inc.

Dr. Thierry Lestable

Outline
WINNER FP6 Scenarios for Phase I MC-CDMA System Model SUD performance Asymptotic Full Load Channel Frequency Diversity impact with interleaving Spreading-Coding tradeoff investigation Simulink Chain Performance with RCPC de facto CC Robustness to MAI Soft bits introduction PIC with hard detection Multi-stage detector Influence of detectors combination
2

WINNER FP6 Key scenarios Phase I

Wide area - cellular Feeder links

BS

Short range - cellular

Small-cell Indoor

Short range - P2P: terminal-to-terminal

PLM Wide area

20 MHz

100 MHz

Half Duplex FDD

DL UL

TDD

UL

GMC

DL

OFDM

Spatial Multiplexing

Diversity

Beamforming

PLM Relay link

20 MHz

100 MHz

Half Duplex FDD

DL UL
R

TDD

Generalised Multi-Carrier

Multi-Carrier

Spatial Multiplexing

Diversity

Beamforming

PLM Short range

20 MHz

100 MHz

Half Duplex FDD

DL UL

TDD

Generalised Multi-Carrier

Multi-Carrier

Spatial Multiplexing

Diversity

Beamforming

PLM P2P

20 MHz

100 MHz

Half Duplex FDD

DL UL

TDD

Generalised Multi-Carrier

Multi-Carrier

Spatial Multiplexing

Diversity

Beamforming

From a system perspective

AP

MC-CDMA (OVSF)
System Model
(3) (2 )

L

(4 )

(1)
b0 , b1 ,...

M QAM

C1m

I F P F T
xn

N C
m L

SUD Performance Results

Asymptotic performance (Single User)
SF=2 10 10
-1 0

SF=4

10 10
-2

-1

BER

BER MRC

10

-2

10

-3

MRC 10
-3

EGC ORC

EGC ORC

10

-4

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

10

-4

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

10

SF=8

10

SF=16

10 BER

-2

10 BER

-2

10

-4

MRC EGC ORC

10

-4

MRC EGC ORC

10

-6

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

10

-6

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

10

SUD Performance Results

Full Load Results (Downlink) [1/2]

11

SUD Performance Results

Full Load Results (Downlink) [2/2]

12

SUD Performance Results

Impact of Channel Diversity (Uniform Interleaving)
10
-1

SF=2

10

-1

SF=4

10 BER

-2

10 BER

-2

10

-3

10

-3

Channel C Channel E Channel F 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=16 12 14 16

10

-4

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=8

12

14

16

10

-4

10 BER

-2

10 BER Channel C Channel E Channel F 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) 12 14 16

-2

10

-4

10

-4

Channel C Channel E Channel F 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) 12 14 16

10

-6

10

-6

13

MC-CDMA with Channel Coding

BitStream

Channel Coding

Symbol Mapping

C1k

N
k CL

Specific Frequency Mapping

I F P F T
S

Pilot Symbols

Dynamic Subcarrier Allocation

14

MC-CDMA with Channel Coding

Transceiver Chain
Bernoulli Binary Bernoulli Random Binary Generator1 Convoluti onal Encoder R=1/2, G=[171,133], K=7 Puncture Random Interleaver Zero Pad Bit Interleaver M-QAM Modulator
In1 Out1

Repeat 16x Repeat SF Length

Random Interleaver Frequency Interleaver

In1

Out1

OFDM Modulator FREQ Domain

Tx Error Rate Rx Calculation Rst Discrete Impulse Error Rate Calcul ation

Display

MC-CDMA Walsh-Hadamard QPSK & CC R=1/2, G=[171,133], K=7 HARD Viterbi Decoding Various Rc Range, with RCPC Rc=[1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8]
Frequency Deinterleaver Random Deinterleaver

Wirel ess Channel

Out1

In1

AWGN

AWGN Channel

Viterbi Decoder Unipolar to Bipolar Converter Unipolar to Bipolar Converter

Bits Deinterleaver Random Deinterleaver Zero Pad1 M-QAM MC-CDMA De-Modulator SUD Detector HARD (De-Spreading & Combini ng)
In1 Out1 In1 Out1 In2

Extract Data Subcarriers U(E) U

Viterbi Decoder

Out1

In1

De-Puncture

Out1

Channel Estimate

15

BER Performance Results

QPSK with Hard Decoding (Viterbi)
IEEE 802.11n Channel C 10 10 10 BER 10 10 10
0

SF=2 R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 BER

10 10 10 10 10

SF=4 R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4

-1

-1

-2

-2

-3

-3

-4

-4

-5

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=8

12

14

16

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=16

12

14

16

10 10 10 BER 10 10

10 R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 BER 10 10 10 10

-1

-1

R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4

-2

-2

-3

-3

-4

-4

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

16

BER Performance Results

16-QAM with Hard Decoding (Viterbi)
10 10
0

SF=2

MC-CDMA, 16-QAM, MRC, Single User, IEEE 802.11n, Channel C SF=4 0 10 10

-1

-1

10 BER 10

-2

10 BER R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=8 12 14 16 10

-2

-3

-3

10

-4

10

-4

10

-5

R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=16 12 14 16

10 10

10 10

-1

-1

10 BER 10

-2

10 BER R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) 12 14 16 10

-2

-3

-3

10

-4

10

-4

R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) 12 14 16

17

Robustness to MAI
MRC detection
SF=4 SF=8 SF=16

10

-1

10

-1

10

-1

BER

BER

10

-2

10

-2

BER 10
-2

R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 10

-3

R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 4 10

-3

R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 8 10

-3

2.5

3 3.5 N users

4 N users

10 N users

15

18

Robustness to MAI
EGC detection
SF=4 R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 10
-1

SF=8 R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 10

-1

SF=16 R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4 10

-1

BER

BER

10

-2

10

-2

BER 10
-2

10

-3

3 N users

10

-3

4 6 N users

10

-3

10 N users

15

19

BER Performance Results

QPSK with Soft Decoding
SF=2
-1

IEEE 802.11n Channel C

SF=4 R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4

10

R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4

10

-1

10 BER

-2

10 BER 2 4 6 8 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=8 10 12

-2

10

-3

10

-3

10

-4

10

-4

6 8 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=16

10

12

10

-1

R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4

10

-1

R=1/2 R=2/3 R=3/4

10 BER

-2

10 BER 2 4 6 8 Eb/N0 (dB) 10 12

-2

10

-3

10

-3

10

-4

10

-4

6 8 Eb/N0 (dB)

10

12

20

Impact of Soft Information Estimate

Kaiser LLR estimate Weighting Function
BER

Performance
16-QAM, MRC, Channel C SF=2
-1

SF=4

l =0

BER Soft Demapped LLR 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=8 12 14

L 1

10

-1

10

Gl H l
2

10 10
-2

-2

10

-3

1 L 1 1 L 1 2 ( K 1) Gl H l Gl H l L l =0 L l =0

2
2

L 1 l =0

Gl

10

-3

10

-4

10

-4

10

-5

Soft Demapped LLR 2 4 6 8 Eb/N0 (dB) SF=16 10 12

10

-1

10

-1

10 BER

-2

10 BER Soft Demapped LLR 2 4 6 8 Eb/N0 (dB) 10 12

-2

10

-3

10

-3

10

-4

10

-4

10

-5

10

-5

Soft Demapped LLR 2 4 6 Eb/N0 (dB) 8 10

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Parallel Interference Cancelling (PIC)

Stage [n] PIC Elementary Unit Detection Bit Estimation Interference Regeneration IC Stage [n+1]

+
Constellation Demapping Constellation Mapping Partial Summation Spreading

S/P

SUD Bank

Bit Decision

Received Signal (After FFT)

Received Signal (After FFT)

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Parallel Interference Cancelling

Multistage PIC (Refined MAI Estimate)
1 In1

Signal to be Denoised

MAI Cancelled

Signal to be Denoised

MAI Cancelled

New Signal

Out2

New Signal

Out2

Parallel Interference Cancelling PIC HARD DECISION Terminator

Parallel Interference Cancelling PIC HARD DECISION1 Terminator1 2 Stage 2

Stage 1

23

Multistage PIC with Hard Detection

Impact of Cascaded Detection Schemes (SF=16, Full Load)
10
-1

Stage 1: MMSE Stage 2: EGC Stage 3: EGC BER

10

-1

Stage 1: MMSE Stage 2: EGC Stage 3: MRC

BER

10

-2

10

-2

10

-3

10

-3

10

-4

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

10

-4

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

10

-1

Stage 1: MMSE Stage 2: MRC Stage 3: MRC BER

10

-1

Stage 1: MMSE Stage 2: MMSE Stage 3: MRC

BER

10

-2

10

-2

10

-3

10

-3

10

-4

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

10

-4

8 10 Eb/N0 (dB)

12

14

16

24

Multistage PIC with Hard Detection

Impact of Cascaded Detection Schemes (SF=8, Full Load)
MMSE/MMSE/MRC EGC/MMSE/MRC MRC/MMSE/MRC

BER

10

-2

10

-4

MMSE/EGC/MRC MMSE/MMSE/MRC MMSE/MRC/MRC 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) 12 14 16

10

-1

BER

10

-2

10

-4

EGC/EGC/MRC EGC/MMSE/MRC EGC/MRC/MRC 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) 12 14 16

BER

10

-2

10

-3

10
BER 10
-2

-4

8 Eb/N0 (dB)

10

12

14

16

10

-4

MRC/EGC/MRC MRC/MMSE/MRC MRC/MRC/MRC 2 4 6 8 10 Eb/N0 (dB) 12 14 16

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Technical Conclusions
Presented results are part of preliminary phase of WINNER Phase I Right combination of spreading and coding can increase the robustness of MC-CDMA against MAI, and thus the affordable system load Iterative multi-staged MUD algorithms are of particular interest Iterative hard detection interference cancelling is simple and gives good performance Nevertheless, ping-pong effects can occur depending on the detection scheme employed Soft information is sure to improve the iterative process, and new iterative decoding algorithms are currently being introduced for next WINNER phase. MC-CDMA is still a very good candidate for 4G air interface, and cellular performance has to be evaluated to finalize evaluation

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Platform Development Conclusions

Simulink platform enabled us to quickly migrate our previous transmission chains and algorithms The MathWorks Consulting team has always been available to support us, by being very reactive and efficient to our requests The easy to use environment of Simulink, together with MathWorks expertise has enabled us to reach our very stringent deadlines New proprietary models have been jointly developed Some Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) have been developed as well to promote our chains, and demonstrate our concepts Final algorithms are still being developed with MathWorks team for finishing the WINNER Phase I A full Calibration process is ongoing between Samsung overseas sites, and SEUK has chosen to rely on Simulink platform.

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T. Lestable, L. Husson, J. Antoine, and A. Wautier. Interprtation Gomtrique de la Capacit et des performances de systmes diversit, GRETSI03, Paris, T. Lestable, V. Sdralia, H. Choi, Y. Wu, B. Baikaimis, and T. Dodgson, Adaptive Pilot Pattern Design for Multi-Carrier Spread-Spectrum Systems, VTC04-Fall, Los-Angeles, US T. Lestable, V. Sdralia, and T. Dodgson, Scheduling Mechanisms for Rate Adaptive Multi-Carrier Spread-Spectrum (MC-SS) Transmission Systems, ISPACS04, Seoul, Korea. L.K. Rasmussen, I.J. Oppermann, Ping-Pong Effects in Linear Parallel Interference Cancellation for CDMA, IEEE 2003. D. Richard Brown, Multistage Parallel Interference Cancellation: Convergence Behavior and Improved Performance Through Limit Cycles Mitigation, IEEE 2005. Wang and Poor, Wireless Communications Systems, Advanced Techniques for Signal Reception, Prentice Hall. WINNER FP6 project: https://www.ist-winner.org/ IST-2003-507581 WINNER D2.6 1.0 Assessment of Multiple-Access technologies, October 2004. IST-2003-507581 WINNER D2.3 1.0 Assessment of Radio-link technologies, February 2005. G. Klang, WP2 Leader, Ericsson AB, The WINNER Radio Interface Concept, WWRF #13, Jeju Island, Korea, March 2005 WWRF, http://www.wireless-world-research.org/

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