PROBLEM 9.

12
KNOWN: Temperature dependence of free convection coefficient, h = CT1/ 4 , for a solid suddenly submerged in a quiescent fluid. FIND: (a) Expression for cooling time, tf, (b) Considering a plate of prescribed geometry and thermal conditions, the time required to reach 80C using the appropriate correlation from Problem 9.11 and (c) Plot the temperature-time history obtained from part (b) and compare with results using a constant h o

from an appropriate correlation based upon an average surface temperature T = ( Ti + Tf

2.

SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Lumped capacitance approximation is valid, (2) Negligible radiation, (3) Constant properties. PROPERTIES: Table A.1, Aluminum alloy 2024 T = ( Ti + Tf = 3.187 10-5 m2/s, Pr = 0.6976, = 1/ Tfilm . ANALYSIS: (a) From Eq. 5.28,

2 400 K ) : = 2770 kg/m3, cp =

925 J/kgK, k = 186 W/mK; Table A.4, Air ( Tfilm = 362 K): = 2.221 10-5 m2/s, k = 0.03069 W/mK,

nCAsin = t+1 i Vc

-1/n

(1)

where = T T and n = 1/4. Solving for tf, the time at which T = Tf, 1/4 Ti T 1 tf = 1/4 T T f CAs ( Ti T )

4 Vc

(2)

<

(b) Considering the aluminum plate, initially at T(0) = 225C, and suddenly exposed to ambient air at T = 25o C , from Problem 9.11 the convection coefficient has the form 1/ 4 t hi = CT1/ 4 hi = 1.40

where C = 1.40/L1/4 = 1.40/(0.150)1/4 = 2. 2496 W m 2 K

3/ 4

. Using Eq. (2), find Continued...

PROBLEM 9.12 (Cont.)

225 25 1/ 4 tf = 1 = 1154s 3/ 4 2 1/ 4 1/ 4 80 25 2 2 ( 0.150m ) ( 225 25 ) 2.2496 W m K K
(c) For the vertical plate, Eq. 9.27 is an appropriate correlation. Evaluating properties at 4 2770 kg m3 0.1502 0.005 m3 925 J kg K

Tfilm = ( Ts + T ) 2 = ( ( Ti + Tf ) 2 + T ) 2 = 362 K

where Ts = 426K , the average plate temperature, find g Ts T L3 9.8 m s 2 (1 362K )( 426 298 ) K ( 0.150m )3 = 1.652 107 Ra L = = 5 m 2 s 3.187 105 m 2 s 2.221 10

Nu L = 0.68 +

0.670Ra L1/ 4 1 + ( 0.492 Pr )9 16

4/9

= 0.68 +

0.670 1.652 107

1/ 4 4/9

1 + ( 0.492 0.6976 )9 /16

= 33.4

ho =

k 0.03069 W m K 33.4 = 6.83 W m 2 K Nu L = L 0.150m

(3)

From Eq. 5.6, the temperature-time history with a constant convection coefficient is

T ( t ) = T + ( Ti T ) exp ( h o As Vc ) t

where As V = 2L2 ( L L w ) = 2 w = 400m 1 . The temperature-time histories for the h = CT1/4 and h o analyses are shown in plot below.
250

Plate temperature, Ts (C)

200

150

100

50 0 200 400 600 800 Time, t (s) Constant coefficient, ho = 6.83 W/m^2.K Variable coefficient, h = 2.25(Ts - Tinf)^0.25 1000 1200 1400 1600

COMMENTS: (1) The times to reach T(to) = 80C were 1154 and 1212s for the variable and constant coefficient analysis, respectively, a difference of 5%. For convenience, it is reasonable to evaluate the convection coefficient as described in part (b).

(2) Note that RaL < 109 so indeed the expression selected from Problem 9.11 was the appropriate one. (3) Recognize that if the emissivity of the plate were unity, the average linearized radiation coefficient using Eq. (1.9) is h rad = 11.0 W m 2 K and radiative exchange becomes an important process.