A PROJECT REPORT ON

WATER LEVEL INDICATOR & AUTOMATIC MOTOR STARTER

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BACHELORS DEGREE IN ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA

(UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY OF MADHYA PRADESH)

Submitted By:
Sanjay Kumar Singh (0189EC093D03) Rajesh Yadav (0189EC093D02)

Approved
Mr.Yashwant Arse (H.O.D .Department E.C.E.)

SRI SATYA SAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, GANDHI NAGAR CAMPUS, BHOPAL (M.P.)

DEPARTMENT OF Electronics & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project report entitled Water Level Indicator & Automatic Motor Starter presented by Sanjay Kumar Singh, Rajesh ydav student of 6th semester BE in Electronics & Communication Engineering is the bona-fide presentation of his work done by him under my supervision and guidance. He has submitted this project report towards partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering of the Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya during the academic year 2010-11. It is further certified that this work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree.

Guided by:
Mr.Durgesh nandan (Lecturer Department ECE)

Approved By:
Mr. Yashwant Arse (H.O.D. Department)

Dr.K.K. Panday (Principal)

Sri Satya Sai College Of Engineering Bhopal

Electronics & Communication Engineering

DECLARATION

We Sanjay Kumar singh And Rajesh Yadav are student of bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication Engineering, Sri Satya Sai College Of Engineering, Bhopal hereby declare that the work presented in this minor project is outcome of our own work, is bonafide, correct to the best of our knowledge and this work has been carried out taking care of Engineering Ethics. The work presented does not infringe any patented work and has not been submitted to any University for the award of any degree or professional diploma.

Name: Sanjay Kumar Singh (0189EC093D03) Rajesh Yadav (0189EC093D02)

Signature:

Date:

PROJECT APPROVAL SHEEET

Following team has done the appropriate work related to the Water Level Indicator & Automatic motor Starter in partial fulfillment for the award of bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication Engineering of RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA , BHOPAL and is being submitted to SRI SATYA SAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BHOPAL.

Team:

1. Sanjay Kumar Singh (0189EC093D03) 2. Rajesh Yadav (0189EC093D03)

Guide: Mr.Durgesh Nandan

External Examiner:

Date: Place: Sri Satya Sai College of Engineering , Bhopal.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
There always remains a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance of several individual in the accomplishment of our goal and completion of the project Water Level Indicator & Automatic Motor Starter. We express our sincere gratitude to our Head of Department, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mr. Yashwant Parse whose devotion of valuable time from his busy schedules and his coordination lead us to complete this project. He was extremely generous and we give our sincere thanks to his constant support & guidance. We would also like to thanks Mr. Durgesh Nandan, who guided our perspicacity in the right direction and gave us his complete technical assistance in the completion of our project. The project owes its existence to a number of persons of college organization, who in some or the other way gave us their support and service. We express our deep sense of appreciation to all of them. At last we are thankful to all our fellow members for providing their exhaustive efforts and wonderful company.

Project By:Sanjay Kumar Singh Rajesh Yadav

INDEX
CHAPTER-1
1.1 1.2 Overview of project Block diagram

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER-2
2.1 Power supply 2.2 Water level indicator & switch 2.3 Alarm 2.4 Automatic motor starter 2.5 Timer 2.6 Temperature detector

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CHAPTR-3
3.1 Component list 3.2 Transformer 3.3 Bridge rectifier 3.4 Capacitor 3.5 IC 555 3.6 IC 7809 3.7 Seven segment display 3.8 Relay 3.9 Resistor

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER-4 CHAPTER-5 CHAPTR-6 APPENDIX

Appendix-a: Data sheet Appendix-b: PCB Layout Appendix-c: The final Prototype

APPLICATION FEATURE RESULT

REFERENCES

OVERVIEW
Basic aim of this project is to detect the water level and according to our requirement control the motor , by which we can handle the complete process automatically i.e. check the water level, indication, alarm and start the motor . It is an automatic control system.

It has various sections:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Power supply Water level indicator & switch Alarm Automatic starter Timer Temperature detector

1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIG: Block diagrammatic representation

CHAPTER -2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

2.1 POWER SUPPLY SECTION

FIG: Circuit diagram for power supply section

Power supply section description

230v AC main input supply Use 2 amp step down transformer Bridge rectifier for good rectification Use U1 ic for constant voltage supply Tripple output [+5v ,+9v , +12 ,]

2.2 WATER LEVEL INDICATOR & SWITCH

FIG: Water level indicator & switching circuit Water level indicator & switching section description
It is works on 9v Dc It has three layer water level indicator for upper flower And one layer water level indicator for ground flower Use ic 7404 and BC 557 for amplification Use four seven segment display for water level indication Indicate level in [A ,L ,H ,F ] And connect this section to alarm & starter section

2.3 ALARM

FIG: Alarm Circuit

Alarm section description

It is work on 5v DC Three different different alarm Connect to level pin of ic

2.4 AUTOMATIC STARTER

FIG: Automatic motor starter circuit Automatic motor starter section description
It handle the complete processing of switching action. It is automatic starter According to water level & ac voltage Adjustable motor starting voltage in [160 to 260v AC] Also soft switch for manual motor start It connect to timer circuit

2.5 TIMER

FIG: Timer circuit Timer section description

Protection to voltage fluctuation for motor Adjustable time [1to 10m] 9v Power supply

2.6 TEMPERATURE DETECTOR

FIG: Temperature circuit Temperature detector section description

9v Power supply Adjustable temperature [40 to 800c] Connect to power supply section And automatic starter section Using lm35 ic

CHAPTER-3 HARDWARE DISCRIPTION

3.1 List of components:

I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. Transformer: 2A Diode: IN4007 Zener: diode 9.1v Capacitor: 100f 25v, 100f 35v, 470f 35v, 1000f 25v IC 7805, 7809 Transistor BC 547, BC 557, SL 100 IC 7404 14 Pin Relay 6v Seven segment display Resistor 1m, 100k, 33k, 470, 680, 560k 4.7k, 2.2k, 1k Variable resistor 10k, 1m, Switch ON/OFF, Push to ON RJ 45 socket 3Pin Audio jack 8 pin, 2 pin, 3pin male female connector 2 Pin power connector Voltmeter Amp meter IC lm35 IC UM3561 IC NE 555 6v fan 1 speaker

3.2 TRANSFORMER

FIG: Transformer
Transformer converts AC electricity from one voltage to another with little loss of power. Transformer work only with AC and this is one of the reasons why mains electricity is AC. Step-up transformer increase voltage. Step-down transformer reduces voltage. Must of power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage (230v in uk) to a safer low voltage. The input is called primary binding of coil and output is secondary binding of coil. There are no electrical connection b/w two coils. Instead they are linked by an alternating

magnetic field created in the soft iron core of the transformer. The two line in the middle of circuit symbol represent the core.

3.3 BRIDGE RECTIFIER

Bridge rectifier
A bridge rectifier can be made using four individual diodes, but it is also available in special packages containing the four diodes required. it is called a full wave rectifier because it use the entire AC wave (positive and negative section). 1.4v is use up in the bridge rectifier because each diode uses 0.7v when conducting and two are always two diodes conducting, as show in diagram below. Bridge rectifiers are rated by the maximum they can pass and the maximum reverse voltage they can withstand (this must be at least three times the supply RMS voltage so the rectifier can with stand the peak voltages.)

3.4 CAPACITOR

A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a device for storing electric charge. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at last two conductors separated by a non-conductor. Capacitors used at parts of electrical systems, for example, consist of metal foils separated by a layer of insulating film.

3.5 IC555

IC555 is the most versatile chip and it is (can be) used in all most every kind of application because of its multifunctionality. As we know its on chip multivibrator means with IC555 one can design astable, monostable, bistable multivibrators. Its main application are to generate timings, clock waveform, generate synchronizing signals, square wave oscillator and many more. So here we are going to discuss some of applications of IC555. But before that I will start with the basic theory. Here I shall not discuss the internal block diagram and theory of IC55 that how does it work in astable or monostable operation as everybody is already familiar with that. But here there is approach given to explain how to design different applications of the chip.

3.5 IC7809
7809 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. 7806 provide +6V regulated power supply Capacitors of suitable value can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels.

3.6 SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY

The SLR /SLO /SLG /SLY 2016 is a four digit 5x7 dot matrix display module with a built in cmos integrated circuit. This display is X/Y stackable. The integrated circuit contains memory, a 128 ASCII rom decoder, and multiplexing circuitry and drivers. Data entry is asynchronous.

3.6 Relay

FIG: Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the outer relay creates a magnetic field which attracts the lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be switched ON/OFF. The relay allow one circuit to switches other circuit which can be Completely separated from the list. For EX- A low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230v ac mains circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the relay b/w the two circuit, the link is magnetic and mechanical.

The relays switch are usually labelled com, NC and NO: COM: Common, always connect to this. Its the moving part of the switch NC: Normally closed. COM is connected to this when the relay coil is OFF NO: Normally closed. COM is connected to this when the relay coil is ON Denote COM, NC, NO is Pin 3, 2, 1 In this circuit a 6v magnetic relay is used. In magnetic relay, insulated copper wire coil is used, to magnetise and attract the plugged. The plugged is normally connected to N/C terminal. A spring is connected to attract the plugged upper side. When output is received by relay, the plugged is attracted and bulb glows.

3.7 RESISTOR

A resistor is a two- terminal electronic component that produces a voltage across its terminals that is proportional to the electric current passing through it in accordance with Ohm s law: V=IR Resistor are elements of electrical network and electronic circuit and are ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistor can be made of various compounds and film, as well as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high- resistivity alloy, such as nickel/chrome).

The primary characteristics of a resistor are the resistance, The tolerance, maximum working voltage and the power rating. Other characteristics include temperature coefficient, noise and induction. Less well known is critical resistance, the value below which power dissipation limits the maximum permitted current flow, and above which the limit is applied voltage. Critical resistance is determined by the design, materials and dimensions of the resistor. Resistor can be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits, as well as integrated circuits. Size, and position of lead (or terminals) are relevant to equipment designers; resistors must be physically large enough not to overheat when dissipating their power.

CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION

APPLICATIONS:
It can be used as a home appliance. It can be used at larger scale like in industrial field It can be used in agriculture It can also be used at city water tank. It can also be used at purifier plant.

CHAPTER 5 FEATURE

Feature
Use two mode only upper flower tank or upper and ground flower tank Three layer water indication for upper flower tank and one layer water level indication for ground flower tank Use RJ 45 connector (UTP network cable) for connection to water level terminal and indicator circuit Automatic electronic motor starter and timer with adjustable input voltage Use temperature controller for long time system performance

CHAPTER- 6 RESULT

RESULT
There are four water level indication points, three for upper tank and one for ground flower tank. When water level is at low position the timer start and motor is switched on in 10-15 second, but only when water is available in the ground tank. And again motor is automatic switched off when upper tank is full.

APPENDIX- A DATA SHEET

APPENDIX B PCB LAYOUT

APPENDIX C THE FINAL PROTOTYPE

REFERENCES
Integrated Electronics-Millman, halkias Ramakant A. gayakwad Op- Amp and linear integrated circuit, person education

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