S+ V+ IO+ DO

Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. You can sell him a piece of necklace. Can money bring me happiness? They showed them a photograph. Should I give my enemy a free hotdog? I told them a joke. I handed him a piece of paper. I promised her a delicious dinner. Andrew's uncle saves him a piece of cake. That photographer teaches them mathematics. Of the entire woman in the world, Michelle gave me a kiss. The Beatles taught me love. Meg offered her a ride home. I never promised you a rose garden, the doctor said. They reserved him a parking space I gave him a book. I leave her some flowers. While you were sleeping, Holly made you a coffee. Miss Johnson made him some coffee. I bought her the vase. His cousin often showed the visitors the painting. Those barbers told her the shortest way. That congressman tells them many lies. I saved her a seat. Ann Lynn hands him a piece of paper. They sell him a ticket. The farmer described to them the fishpond. Jake left her a message. Those teachers grant him his wish. They promised her a delicious dinner. They showed them a photograph. Cathy envies him his good fortune. Loreleis grandfather left her a huge amount of money. The teacher brings her some food. The manager passed Jenny tequila. The woman wishes her a happy birthday I sent her a birthday present People should teach their children right manners. They showed them a photograph. The medical representative sold the woman an encyclopedia. Mother baked me a cake. I strike him a heavy blow. That teacher offered her a ride home. I bring her a small present. They read the children a story. The woman owe me sixty thousand pesos Fred's wife leaves her a couple of books. That politician bought her a gift. His wife ordered him a drink. He wrote her a very long letter. The marksman suggested her the new Samsung phone.

S+V+O+OC
Subject+Verb+Object+Objective Complement
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. That store clerk finds the book interesting. We called her "the hungry werewolf". The walls are usually painted black. I called him "the garbage man". I find the box empty. That bus driver found the box empty. She installed Arthur as a knight. That police officer got the TV repaired. The supervisor calls the programmers program faulty. Most people think the space shuttle a major step in space exploration Roy kept the room warm. Connie's husband leaves the door open. I named the ship Titanic. The clown got the children too excited. The natives considered bribery taboo. The low cost of the new computer made competition much too difficult for some of the other companies. Those carpenters saw him swim. We called her "the rude fisherman". That librarian finds the book interesting. They heard the girl crying. Lorna left him tied up. She made the paper into an airplane. Johnny wanted Lenny as his wife. The mayor made his friend a bodyguard. We consider Bobby a gourmet. The pope made Ambrose holy. We find the meatballs delicious. We painted the new dining room wall yellow. She left the boy crying. Villalobos named our country Filipinas. You shave your head bald. We called her "the strange lawyer". That bus driver found the bottle half full. The girl wants Bami as a friend. The blacksmith made the hammer very durable. Sarah found her schizophrenic. I called him "the bartender". I called him "the police officer". That police officer finds the box empty. People consider the moon as symbol of romance. Poets make the moon a part of their description of the night. They consider it an exquisite orb. Scientists call it a nonluminous object. They also call it the maker of tides. Everyone thinksthe full moon a very impressive sight. We name her the queen of the night. Some savages consider the full moon am evil influence. In the 17th century, the society considered the blind and deaf children as idiots and insane. Today, we call them special children. Aurora believes herself lucky.

S+V+O
Subject+Verb+Object Pattern
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. Reason plays a minor role. Edison admitted the crime. Vitamin C prevents damage from free radicals. The mobsters burned the building. The ASG gunned down the soldiers in Basilan. These boys slammed the door. Do you dream queer dreams? The mathematician crossed the Red Sea. He interrupted the lady talking to the other man. The Lord delivers us from evil. You clean the kitchen. They dived in the swimming pool. The engineers fixed the bridge. The interior designer designed my kitchen. We knew the answer. Why did she paint the wall? The tornado destroyed the town. The pianist played the piccolo instead of the piano. Where did Ella buy that ring? Can she play the harpsichord. One presents the moral problem. One begins a work of fiction. She gains a reputation by writing. At the age of 18, Willa Cather visited Europe for the first time. I recognized the man who entered the hall. Modern industry, to the great extent, utilizes automatic controls. Automation has increased industrial productivity. Automation might cause large-scale unemployment. Technology might impoverish the quality of human life. Scientists faced such major challenges as high population growth, poor public health, to name the few. Robert Lowell conducted seminars at Harvard during the mid-1960s. Most writers desired self-esteem. Andrew no longer went to college. His face showed his disgust. He loves his job. The people in the restaurant like the schnitzel. That banker washes a car. I set an alarm clock. They drank water. They feed the cat. Ed peels an orange. That guard keeps a dog. Those farmers ate some crackers. Those grade 3 pupils fly a kite. The Maegayon climbers climb a a mountain. They drive a sports car. That lawyer eats some candy. That fisherman buys a book. I threw a ball on the player. Eliza catch butterflies.

S+V
Subject+ Verb Pattern
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. The dictator Nero waited. Curiosity kills. He sang joyfully. The President resigned. The monks prayed. The cute baby slept. We listened to Obama. Alexander Borgia growled. Evita swam. The men and the women danced. Astrology seeks to discover ancient civilization. These ancient civilizations lie buried deep in the earth. The stories of archeology tell of suspense and adventure. Gabriel Garcia daydreamed. The Governor bluffs. The girl behind you grinned. The woman in the photograph smiled. That grumpy old man cried. The lawyers argued. The airplane departed. The madams smirked. The computer reboots itself. Sometimes, people dont care. The Mafia dons met. That student drives. Abraham speaks fluently. Many of the class members write well in class. I came before you did. Sarah came to the party after work. Near the end of the runway sat the bombed-out shell of a 747. Coyotes howl. The wall collapsed. The soldiers drank. Mark sang. Joanna gargles. Bees sting. The dynamites exploded. Wolves came. Isotopes react. The faucets leak. We agree. The train has arrived. She tried. You could not agree. The band played. John Lennon imagined a long time ago. Do you bake? Mira never snore. The computer rebooted. We walk.

S+LV+C
Subject + Linking Verb + Complement
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. Uma isn't fat. I'm not famous. I am crazy. She is quiet. The spectators look surprised. The sand felt rough. Patty isn't fat. Lester's ex-wife became a gardener. I am poor. I'm not a dentist. She is helpful. Sarah didn't become a carpenter. I am a student. He is Nigerian. I am Sam The sky turns gray. This cake tastes better. The audience grew weary. The defender remained silent. He is at home. He is angry with you. Matthew remains loyal to his wife. My fathers boss is a peculiar man. The person standnig behind you looks familiar. Trees are essential to our lives. She looks familiar, isnt she? IDA ia an acronym for Iron Defiency Anemia. Her husband was in jail two years ago. The sun is the center of the solar system. Space flights are not new. Some astronauts were women. Life still remains a great mysptery. The Annual Darling Hoopla is a free circus. Helena appeared to be overwhelmed. Extraterrestrials are probable. Experiments have became frequent. He became remorseful. They were the members of the American rock band The Killers. Beethovens Fur Elise sounds wonderful. The face of the dancer was pale. The clown looks sad in that makeup. Your handwriting is not legile. The lovers were kissing. That big house across the street appears haunted. The clouds are heavy with rain. The roses look amazing. The young widow was overcome by woe. During the summer our bodies are dry. The mountain climbers remained seated at the big rock. Who are the readers?

Spelling No. 2
Words
1. gazetteer [gzz t ] (plural gazetteers) noun
geographic reference book: a dictionary or index of places, usually with descriptive or statistical information

IV-ONYX New Old

IV-RUBY New Old

2. encyclopedia (noun)
comprehensive reference work: a reference work offering comprehensive information on all or specialized areas of knowledge

3. armageddon [

gdd'n] noun all-destroying war: a final and decisive war or conflict, e.g. a worldwide nuclear war

4. atlas [ttlss] noun

or (plural atlases) map book: a book containing maps and
vital statistics relating to geographic regions

5. siege [seej] noun (plural sieges)

.military operation: a military or police operation in which troops or the police surround a place and cut off all outside access to force surrender (often used before a noun) siege warfare .prolonged effort: a prolonged effort to gain or overcome something .tiresome period: a prolonged and tedious period

6. tomorrow [t mwr] noun (plural tomorrows)

. . next day: the day after today future: a future time, or the future in general the leaders of tomorrow

7. receive [ri s ] (past and past participle received, present participle receiving, 3rd person present singular receives) verb
.transitive and intransitive verb get something: to take or accept something given

8. strength [strength] (plural strengths) noun

1. physical power: the physical power to carry out demanding tasks

9. bouquet [b ky, boo ky] (plural bouquets) noun

1 bunch of flowers: a bunch of cut flowers that have been .specially chosen or arranged

10. mannequin [mnnikin] (plural mannequins)

noun

1. dummy for displaying clothes: a usually life-size model of the human body used to display or fit clothes 2. model: a fashion model (dated)

Active Voice, Passive Voice

There are two special forms for verbs called voice: 1. Active voice 2. Passive voice The active voice is the "normal" voice. This is the voice that we use most of the time. You are probably already familiar with the active voice. In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb: active subject verb object > Cats eat fish.

The passive voice is less usual. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb: passive subject verb < Fish are eaten by cats. object

The object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb: subject active passive Everybody Water verb drinks is drunk object water. by everybody.

PASSIVE VOICE FOR ALL TENSES RULES

The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice. 3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice. Auxiliary verbs for each tense are given below in the table.

Present Simple Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: am/is/are Active voice: He sings a song. He does not sing a song.Does he sing a song? Passive voice: A song is sung by him. A song is not sung by him. Is a song sung by him?

Present Continuous Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: am being/is being/are being Active voice: I am writing a letter I am not writing a letter. Am I writing a letter? Passive voice: A letter is being written by me. A letter is not being written by me. Is a letter being written by me? Present Perfect Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: has been/have been Active voice: She has finished his work She has not finished her work. Passive voice: Her work has been finished by her. Her work has not been finished by her.

Has she finished her work?

Has her work been finished by her? Past Simple Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: was/were

Active voice: I killed a snake I did not kill a snake. Did I kill a snake?

Passive voice: A snake was killed by me. A snake was not killed by me. Was a snake killed by me? Past Continuous Tense (Passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: was being/were being

Active voice: He was driving a car. He was not driving a car. Was he driving a car?

Passive voice: A car was being driven by him. A car was not being driven by him. Was a car being driven by him? Past Perfect Tense (Passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: had been

Active voice: They had completed the assignment. They had not completed the assignment. Had they completed the assignment?

Passive voice: The assignment had been completed by them. The assignment had not been complete by them. Had the assignment been completed by them?

Future Simple Tense (Passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: will be Active voice: She will buy a car. She will not buy a car. Will she buy a car? Passive voice: A car will be bought by her. A car will not be bought by her. Will a car be bought by her? Future Perfect Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: will have been Active voice: You will have started the job. You will have not started the job. Will you have started the job? Passive voice: The job will have been started by you. The job will not have been started by you. Will the job have been started by you?

Note: The following tenses cannot be changed into passive voice. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Present perfect continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense Future continuous tense Future perfect continuous tense Sentence having Intransitive verbs

The Present Perfect, Passive Voice S + (has or have) + been + past participle
Singular I have been given You have been given He has been given She has been given It has been given Most people use contractions: They have been given Plural We have been given You have been given

Singular

Plural

I' ve been given You' ve been given He' s been given She' s been given

We' ve been given You' ve been given They' ve been given

It' s been given

This house has been given a fresh coat of paint. When was it painted? I don't know. Who painted the house? I don't know.
(The present perfect passive voice is useful in describing something that happened in the past --but you might not know when or by whom the thing was done.)

This baby has been given a lot of love and care by its mother.
(You may use "it" for a baby unless you know the baby is a boy or a girl)

They have been assigned to work on a big project.

(In the picture, their boss --the guy wearing the tie--is telling them what to do.)

He has been tied up for several hours. A thief came into his house, tied him up, took his money, and left. The Eiffel Tower has been visited by people from all over the world. The present perfect passive is useful when describing something that was done in the past without a lot of information about who did it, when, how, why, etc.

Active and Passive Voice Present Perfect Tense

Active sentences in the present perfect tense have the following structure: Subject + has/have + past participle form of the verb + object Passive sentences in the present perfect tense have the following structure: Object of the active sentence + has/have + been + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the active sentence Changing an assertive sentence into the passive Active: I have written a story. Passive: A story has been written by me. Active: They have built a house. Passive: A house has been built by them. Active: He has broken my window. Passive: My window has been broken by him. Active: I have placed an order for a digital camera. Passive: An order for a digital camera has been placed by me. Active: She has done her work. Passive: Her work has been done by her. Changing a negative sentence into the passive Active: I have not received a telegram. Passive: A telegram has not been received by me. Active: She has not written a story. Passive: A story has not been written by her. Active: She has not cheated anybody. Passive: Nobody has been cheated by her. Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive Passive forms of these sentences will begin with has or have. When the active sentence begins with a question word (e.g. when, where, which, why etc.), the passive sentence will also begin with a question word. When the active sentence begins

with who or whose the passive sentence will begin with by whom or by whose. When the active sentence begins withwhom, the passive sentence will begin with who. Active: Have you kept the secret? Passive: Has the secret been kept by you? Active: Who has done this? Passive: By whom has this been done? Active: Why have you told a lie? Passive: Why has a lie been told by you? Active: Who has torn my book? Passive: By whom has my book been torn? Active: Have you written the letter? Passive: Has the letter been written by you? Active: Has the policeman caught the thief? Passive: Has the thief been caught by the policeman? Active: Has the postal department released a new stamp? Passive: Has a new stamp been released by the postal department?

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