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Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 1. Introduction Empirical design based on the AASHO road test:
Over 200 test sections JPCP (15 spacing) and JRPC (40 spacing) Range of slab thickness: 2.5 to 12.5 inches Subbase type: untreated gravel/sand with plastic fines Subbase thickness; 0 to 9 inches Subgrade soil: silty-clay (A-6) Monitored PSI w/ load applications developed regression eqns Number of load applications: 1,114,000
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 2. General Design Variables Design Period Traffic what changes? (EALF Table 6.7) Reliability Performance criteria
3. Material Properties 3.1 Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k) Need to convert subgrade MR to k: 1. Without Subbase 2. With Subbase 3. Shallow bedrock
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 3.1.1 Pavement Without Subbase If there is no Subbase, AASHTO suggests:
M k= R 18.8
Correlation based on 30-in plate-load tests k value becomes too high because k=fnc(1/a) More accurate k if plate test was run w/ bigger plates; too expensive & impractical
SUBGRADE BEDROCK
If subbase exists, need to determine the composite modulus of subgrade reaction (k)
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 3.1.2 Pavement With Subbase (cont.)
Example:
To get k:
Cut across the ESB Cut across MR to the TL Vertically meet other line Read k-value
k=600pci
Figure 12.18
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 3.1.3 Rigid Foundation @ Shallow Depth
If bedrock is within 10ft, it will confine the material (subgrade) and will produce a higher k. Example:
Rigid depth=5
Figure 12.19
k = 800pci
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 3.1.4 Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction Keff Equivalent modulus that would result in the same damage if seasonal variations were taken into account (similar to flexible design)
3.42
k
500 450 . . xxx
ur
ur =
u
n
u
n
444.41 = 37.03 12
D = 8in
Figure 12.20
37
keff = 540pci
Fig12.21
kactual = 170pci
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 3.1.7 Table for Estimating Keff
GRANULAR 6 0.5 (*) IF<10 THEN FILL IN (5) > 10 9 *
Fig. 12.18
Fig. 12.19
EQUATION
20,000
100,000
1,300
37
15,000
1,000
43 534
945 480
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 3.2 Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) Elastic Modulus of Concrete (Ec):
Correlated with compressive strength
Ec = 57,000 f c'
Modulus of Rupture (Sc):
Third-point loading @ 28 days
L/3 L/3 L/3
Sc
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 3.3 Pavement Structure Characteristics Drainage Coefficient (Cd):
Ability to transfer loads across joints and cracks (Table 12.19) Lower J better performance/less conservative
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 4. Thickness Design 4.1 Input Variables
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, keff Traffic, W18 Design Reliability, R Overall Standard Deviation, S0 PSI Elastic Modulus, Ec Modulus of Rupture, Sc Load Transfer Coefficient, J Drainage Coefficient, Cd
=70 pci =5 million =95% =0.30 =1.7 =5,000,000 psi =650 psi =3.3 =1.0
Ec=5E6
J=3.3
Cd=1.0
Sc=650 k=70
74
D=9.8
74
Use D=10
W18=5 millon
S0=0.3 R=95%
log
1+
( D + 1)
8.46
Sc Cd ( D0.75 1.132)
Find( D) = 9.9
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 5. Other Design Features What does this (length) depend on? 5.1 Slab Length 5.1.1 Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) Governed by joint opening
= C L ( t T + )
Where: = Joint opening t = Coefficient of thermal contraction = Drying shrinkage coefficient L = Slab length C = adjustment factor for subgrade friction
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 5.1.2 Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRPC) Always doweled
Remember (?): 0.25 to LIMIT bearing stress
Use same typical values from before: L 0.25 = = 894 L= C( t T + ) 0.65 5.5 10 6 60 + 1.0 10 4
L 75ft
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 5.1.3 JRCP Reinforcement If (when) concrete cracks, steel picks up stress
As = fa cLh 2fs
Where: As = Area of required steel per unit width fs = Allowable stress in steel fa = Average friction coefficient between slab and foundation
40
tie bars
Example
Longitudinal:
24
As =
A s = 0.0872
c = 0.0868 pci h = 10 in fa = 1.5 fs = 43,000
Transverse:
A s = 0.0523
A s = 0.0872
Transverse:
in2 ft in 2 ft
A s = 0.0523
20,000 psi (December January) 8,000 psi (February March) 15,000 psi (April November) Loss of Support Friction factor Thickness Elastic Modulus =0.5 =1.5 =6 inches =100,000 psi =90% =0.40 =1.5 =37.9 million ESAL =1.0 =10-ft wide PCC =55 oF
Subbase Information:
Design Factors:
Design Reliability, R Overall Standard Deviation, S0 PSI Traffic Drainage coefficient Shoulders Temperature drop
Design a JPCP (w/o dowels) and a JRCP (35-ft, w/ dowels). For each pavement determine the slab thickness, joint spacing (for the JCPC), and reinforcement (mesh designation for the JRCP)
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 5.2 JPCP Design 5.2.1 Slab Length for no Dowels (<0.05)
= C L ( t T + )
L=
C( t T + )
= 0.05 t = 3.8 x 10-6 /oF (Table 12.23, Limestone) = 0.00045 (Table 12.22, Indirect Tensile Strength = 500 psi) C = 0.65 (Cement Treated)
L=
L 9.7ft
GRANULAR 6 0.5
> 10 10
20,000 20,000 8,000 8,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 1,739 12
100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 144.9
1,200 1,200 600 600 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
1,200 1,200 600 600 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
130.2 130.2 173.6 173.6 141.4 141.4 141.4 141.4 141.4 141.4 141.4 141.4 1,739
946 480
W18 := Cd := J :=
37900000
Ec :=
3
4500000
PSI :=
1.5
k :=
480
Sc :=
725
1.0
pt :=
ZR := 1.282 S0 :=
0.4
3.9
D :=
4.5
Solver iteration:
Given
log W18
log
1
( D + 1) 8.46
Sc Cd ( D0.75 1.132)
Find( D) =
13.195
Topic 10 AASHTO Rigid Pavement Design 5.3 JRCP Design 5.3.1 Slab Thickness
Declare the variables: W18 := 37900000 Cd := 1.0 J := 2.8 pt := 3.0 Ec := 4500000 ZR := 1.282 PSI := 1.5 k := 480 S0 := 0.4 Sc := 725
log W18
PSI 0.75 Sc C d D 1.132 4.5 1.5 + 4.22 0.32 p log ( t) 7 18.42 0.75 1.624 10 215.63 J D 1+ 0.25 Ec ( D + 1) 8.46 k
log
Find( D) = 11.11
As =
in2 (0.0868)(11)(35 12)(1.5) = 0.0070 in 2 43000 in2 (0.0868)(11)(34 12)(1.5) = 0.0068 in 2 43000
A s = 0.0839
in2 ft
Transverse: 12(lane)+12(lane)+10(shoulder)
As =
A s = 0.0816
in2 ft