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Leslie Lipton 11-5-12 Period 2

Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding Lab Investigation Introduction: Most atoms are never found by themselves; instead they are bonded to other atoms in ionic or covalent bonds. This is because the atoms want to be stable as much as possible. In order to do so, the atoms must have a full shell by either sharing or transferring valence electrons. If two nonmetals bond, the nonmetals form a covalent bond. If a metal and a nonmetal bond, they form an ionic bond. These ionic bonds can only conduct electricity if theyre dissolved in water.

Hypotheses: Table 1: The expected results of testing five different chemicals Compounds to be Chemical Hypothesis 1: Hypothesis 2: Hypothesis 3: Tested Formula Ionic or High or Low Will it conduct Covalent? Melting Point? electricity? Distilled (pure) H20 Covalent Low No water Sodium chloride NaCl Ionic High When dissolved Sucrose Dextrose Calcium carbonate C12H22O11 C6H12O6 CaCO3 Covalent Covalent Ionic Low Low High No No Yes

Procedures: PART I. Melting Point and Strength of Bonds 1. Fold aluminum foil into a square that will neatly fit on the ring-stand. Place a small etc. 2. Do this 3. Do that

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Leslie Lipton 11-5-12 Period 2

4. PART II. Electrical Conductivity 1. Weigh an approximately 0.1 gram sample of each compound in different wells of a well plate (make sure etc.) 2. Test the dry compound etc. 3. Add 4. Test 5. Repeat Results: Table 2: The results of testing five different chemical substances Name/Chemical PART I: PART II: FINAL CONCLUSION: Formula Melting Point Conducted Ionic or Covalent (1-5; High, Electricity? Bonds? Med. Or (Yes/No) Low?) 1.) Distilled (Pure) Water/ HO 2.) Sodium Chloride/NaCl 3.) Sucrose (sugar)/ CHO 4.) Dextrose/ CHO 5.) Sodium Sulfate/ NaSO Conclusion: After the laboratory, it was concluded that sodium chloride and sodium sulfate were ionic compounds, while distilled water, sucrose, and dextrose were covalent compounds. All of my initial hypotheses were correct. From the results, the ionic 1 5 4 5 2 N/A No No No No No Yes No No Yes Covalent Ionic Covalent Covalent Ionic

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Leslie Lipton 11-5-12 Period 2

compounds were those that conducted electricity in water and had high melting points. However, the covalent compounds did not conduct electricity whatsoever and had a low melting point. Ionic bonds are formed from metal cations and non-metal anions so when they dissolved in water, electricity can flow through the solution. Additionally, ionic bonds are very strong since the nonmetal portion has a high electronegativity and the metal portion has a low ionization energy.

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