Department of Mathematics, IIT Madras MA 1010 - Calculus - I Assignment - 3 ( Limit & Continuity )

1. Prove the following by using the precise denition of limit: x x+5 = 3 (iv) lim sin x = sin a. = 4 (ii) lim 2 + x = 5 (iii) lim (i) lim x9 x4 2x 9 xa x1 1 + x 2. Prove that lim f (x) does not exist by using the precise denition of limit where f is dened as
x3

(i) f (x) =

x2 , if x < 3, x, if x < 3, (ii) f (x) = x 3, if x 3. 0.5 + x, if x 3. Also, prove that limit does not exist by using the sequential limits method.

3. Evaluate the following limits: 1 1 1 +2 3 x+5 x3 1 x4 81 x (ii) lim 3 (iii) lim (iv) lim 1 (i) lim 2 x2 x + 8 x4 x1 x 4 1 x3 2x 5x 3 x4 cos( cos x) tan 2x cos(2x) 1 x 2 (vi) lim (viii) lim (vii) lim (v) lim x0 sin(sin x) x0 cos x 1 x0 x x 1x 1+x 2 2 2 1 x 2 x+9 (x) lim 3 (xi) lim {4x + 42x } x (ix) lim 2 x+2 x x 2x x x 4x + 7 2 + 7) 2 + 1 3 x3 + 1) (xii) lim (x x (xiii) lim x( x (xiv) lim x( x + 1 x).
x x x

4. Determine the following limits by using the Squeeze (Sandwich) Theorem. 5x2 sin(3x) x2 (sin x + cos3 x) 1 (iii) lim (i) lim x3 cos( ) (ii) lim x x (x2 + 1)(x 3) x0 x x2 + 10 5. Let f : R R be such that f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x, y R. Assume that lim f (x) = L
x0

exists. Prove that L = 0, and then prove that f has a limit at every point c R.
xc xc

6. Suppose that lim f (x) = L, where L > 0, and lim g(x) = . Show that lim f (x)g(x) = . If
xc

L = 0, show by an example that the conclusion may fail.

1 7. Let f : (0, ) R . Prove that lim f (x) = L if and only if lim f ( ) = L. + x x0 x 8. Show that if f : (0, ) R is such that lim xf (x) = L, where L R, then lim f (x) = 0.
x x

9. Show that the absolute function f (x) = |x| is continuous at every point a R. 10. Let f : R R be continuous at a and f (a) > 0. Show that there exists a > 0 such that f (x) > 0 for all x (a , a + ). 11. Determine all values of the constants A and B so that the following function is continuous for all values of x. f (x) = Ax B, 2x2 + 3Ax + B, 4, if x 1, if 1 < x 1, if x > 1.

12. Show that the following function is continuous for all values x R. f (x) = 13. Dene f : R R by f (x) = x2 + 6, 5x, if x is rational, if x is irrational. e1/x , 0,
2

if x = 0, if x = 0.

Find all points at which f is continuous. 14. Find all points of continuity of f dened by f (x) = 0, sin |x|, if x is irrational, if x is rational.

15. () Study the continuity of the Riemann function f dened by f (x) = 16. Let f (x) = 0, 1/q, if x is irrational or x = 0, if x = p/q, p Z, q N and p, q are co-prime.
1 x2 cos( x ), 0,

if x = 0, if x = 0.

Show that f is continuous for all values of x. Show that f is differentiable for all values of x, but the derivative, f is not continuous at x = 0. 17. Suppose f is a real function dened on R which satises lim [f (x + h) f (x h)] = 0, x R

h0

Does this imply that f is continuous on R. 18. Prove that if f C([a, b]), then |f | C([a, b]). Show by an example that the converse is not true. 19. Let f : R R satisfy f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x, y R. If f is continuous at one point, show that (i) f is continuous on R (ii) f (x) = xf (1). 20. If f : [a, b] [a, b] is continuous, show that there is some c [a, b] such that f (c) = c. 21. Assume that f, g : [a, b] R are continuous and such that f (a) < g(a) and f (b) > g(b). Prove that there exits c [a, b] such that f (c) = g(c).. 22. Prove that the equation (1 x) cos x = sin x has at least one solution in (0, 1). 23. Show that every polynomial of odd degree with real coefcients has at least one real root in R. 24. If f : [0, 1] R is continuous, and attains only rational values, then f must be a constant.