Deepak in a nutshell

Academic
MBA, Digital Business (IE Business School, Spain) MS, Mechanical Engineering (Purdue University, USA) B.E, Mechanical Engineering (Delhi College of Engg)

Professional
Founder, perfectbazaar.com Application Engineer ( Robert Bosch, USA) Controls Engineer (Cummins Engine Company, USA)

HAPPY TO CHAT ANYTIME

 Study of internal effects (stresses and strains) caused by external

What is Strength of Materials?

loads (forces and moments) acting on a deformable body/ structure.

Also known as: Strength of Materials or Mechanics of Solids Determines:

1. Strength (determine by stress at failure) 2. Deformation (determined by strain) 3. Stiffness (ability to resist deformation; load needed to cause

a specific deformation; determined by the stress- strain relationship)

4. Stability (ability to avoid rapidly growing deformations

caused by an initial disturbance; e.g., buckling)

Strength of Material
Why we need to study this course.

Strength of Material
Why we need to study this course.

Grading Policy
10 marks class attendance. 10 marks for teacher assessment. 30 marks for internal sessional tests. 100 marks external university exam.

 Unit -1

Syllabus

Compound Stress and Strains 3-D Stress, Theories of failure Unit -2 Stresses in Beam Deflection of Beams Unit 3 Helical and Leaf Spring Column and Struts

Syllabus
Unit 4 Thin Cylinders and Spheres Thick cylinders Unit 5 Curved beams Unsymmetrical Bending

Unit 1- Stress and Strain

Topics Covered
Lecture -1 - Introduction, state of plane stress Lecture -2 - Principle Stresses and Strains Lecture -3 - Mohr's Stress Circle and Theory of

Failure
Lecture -4- 3-D stress and strain, Equilibrium

equations and impact loading

Lecture -5 - Generalized Hook's law and Castigliono's

 Study of internal effects (stresses and strains) caused by external

What is Strength of Materials?

loads (forces and moments) acting on a deformable body/ structure.

Also known as: Strength of Materials or Mechanics of Solids Determines:

1. Strength (determine by stress at failure) 2. Deformation (determined by strain) 3. Stiffness (ability to resist deformation; load needed to cause

a specific deformation; determined by the stress- strain relationship)

4. Stability (ability to avoid rapidly growing deformations

caused by an initial disturbance; e.g., buckling)

Stresses
Stress
Force of resistance per unit area offered by a body against

deformation

P = A
P = External force or load A = Cross-sectional area

 Strain

Strain
dL = L

Change in dimension of an object under application of

external force is strain

dL = Change in length

L = Length

Types of Stresses and Strains

Stress Strain
Tensile stress Tensile strain Compressive Compressive stress strain Shear stress Shear strain

Shear Stress
Shear Stress
Stress induced when body is subjected to equal and

opposite forces that are acting parallel to resisting dl surface.

P C

DD1 dl Strain = = AD h
Stress

D1

dl = Transversal displacement

P = L

A l B

Hookes Law
Hookes law Stress is proportional to strain within

elastic limit of the material.

The material will recover its shape if stretched to point 2. There will be permanent deformation in the Material if the object is stretched to point 4. Upto point 2 stress is proportional to strain.

Stress E= Strain
E = Youngs Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity

Elasticity
Shear Modulus/Modulus of rigidity ratio of shear

stress to shear strain. Shear _ stress C= = Shear _ strain

Youngs modulus/Modulus of elasticity- ratio of

tensile or compressive stress to tensile or compressive strain. Tensile _ stress Compressive _ stress E= = = Tensile _ strain Compressive _ strain e Max _ stresses Factor of safety = Working _ stresses

PROBLEM
PROBLEM A rod 150cm long and diameter 2.0cm is subjected to an axial pull of 20kN. If modulus of elasticity of material of rod is 2x105 n/mm2 determine:
1) Stress 2) Strain 3) Elongation of the rod

Poisson ratio
Ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain

Lateral _ strain = Longitudinal _ strain

3-Dimensional Stress System

Stress 1 will produce strain in x-direction = Stress y and z direction due to 1 =

Negative sign is because the strain in y and z direction will be compressive

1 E

1 E

strain in y-direction = 2 Stress 2 will produce E 2 Stress x and z direction due to 2= E Stress 3 will produce strain in z-direction = 3 3 E Stress x and y direction due to 3 = E

Poisson ratio
Ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain
3-Dimensional Stress System

2
Total Strain in x-direction due to 1,2 ,3

1 2 3 E E E 1 Total Strain in y-direction due to 1,2 ,3 2 1 3 = E E E

=
Total Strain in z-direction due to 1,2 ,3

3 1 2 E E E

Analysis of bars of varying sections

Section 3 Section 1 P A1 Section 2 A2 A3 P

L1

L2

L3

L1 L2 L3 + + Total change in length of bar dL = P E1 A1 E 2 A2 E 3 A3

Analysis of bars of varying sections

Section 3 P=35000 Section 1 D3=2cm Section 2 D3=3cm D3=5cm P=35000N

20cm

25cm

22cm

PROBLEM An axial pull of 35000N is acting on a bar consisting of three lengths as shown in fig above. if Youngs modulus =2.1x105 N/mm2 determine: 1) Stresses in each section 2) Total extension in bar.

Principal of superposition
When number of loads are acting on a body the

resulting strain will be sum of strains caused by individual loads.

Analysis of bars of composite sections

Bar made up of 2 or more bars of equal length but of

different materials rigidly fixed with each other.

P = P1 + P2 P = 1 A1 + 2 A2 1 = 2
1 2 = E1 E 2

Analysis of bars of composite sections

15 cm 1 3 cm 2 PROBLEM A steel rod of 3cm diameter is enclosed centrally in a hollow copper tube of external diameter 5cm and internal diameter of 4cm. The composite bar is then subjected to an axial pull of 45000N. If the length of each bar is equal to 15cm. Determine 1) Stresses in the rod and the tube and 2) Load carried by each bar Take E for steel =2.1x105 N/mm2 and E for copper = 1.1x105 N/mm2

4 cm 5 cm P=45000N

Thermal Stresses
Stresses are induced when temperature of the body changes. When rod is free to expand the extension in the rod A B B

dL = TL

dL

stress = strain * E

= Coefficient of linear expansion

T = Rise in temperature

stress = T E

Stress and strain when supports yield = expansion due to rise in temp - yielding = TL TL TL Stress = E Strain = L L