International Journal of Algorithms, Computing and Mathematics Volume 3, Number 2, May 2010 Eashwar Publications

Heat Flow along Infinite Hollow Cylinder Using Maple 13

Dr. Ayad
Mergib University, Physics Department, Faculty of Arts & Sciences. Libya, Khoms City, P.O.Box 40099

M. Shahoot
Mergib University, Physics Department, Faculty of Arts & Sciences. Libya, Khoms City, P.O.Box 40099 drshahoot@yahoo.com Abstract
This study is an investigation of heat flow initiated within a hollow infinite cylinder at an initial condition generated from the roots of any type of Bessel's functions. The internal circumferential surface is kept at zero temperature, where the external circumferential surface emits heat to the surrounding of zero temperature. The problem is solved by separation of variables using Maple 13 and the solutions are presented as graphical animations simulate changes in the shapes of the isothermal radiant surfaces as a function of time.

Keywords: Heat flow, Cylinder, Bessel functions, Eigen values, Boundary conditions. Problem Formulation: The equation of heat conduction, as expressed in cylindrical coordinates is: 2 2 u u 1 u 1 2u u a2 2 2 2 t r r r r z2

R2 R1

Fig. 1 If a circular cylinder (fig. 1), whose axis coincides with the axis of z is heated, and the initial and boundary conditions are independent of the coordinates and z, the temperature will be a function of r and t only such that the above equation reduces to:

International Journal of Algorithms, Computing and Mathematics

2 u u 1 u a2 t r2 r r where k , k- Thermal Conductivity Coefficient, c- Specific Heat Capacity c - Density. In this case the flow of heat takes place in surfaces perpendicular to the z axis, and the lines of flow are radial [2]. Let the initial temperature be given by u F(r ) and let the surface r R1 be kept at a zero temperature, and the surface r R 2 emits heat to the surrounding, which may also be assumed zero. Therefore the problem can be formulated as follows:

u t ur ut
where: H
R1

a2 0, f (r)

u
2

1 u , r r u r

R1 Hu

R2, 0
(1)

r R2

h , h- Heat Transfer Coefficient k

Solving Method: The study reveals that solutions will always be in 'Fourier-Bessel' form [3]. Separating the variables r and t 2 2 u ( r , t ) U( r ) e a t , (2) yields d 2 U 1 dU 2 (3) U 0, 2 dr r dr where equation (3) is Bessel's equation of zero order and U is a function of r only. For a hollow cylinder the suitable particular integral of Bessel's equation (3): U( r ) AJ 0 ( r ) BY0 ( r ) , (4) where J 0 ( r ) is the first kind zero order Bessel function, and Y0 ( r ) is the second kind zero order of Bessel function. As equation (4) must satisfy the boundary conditions, therefore: U r R AJ 0 R1 BY0 R1 0 , (5)
1

dU HU dr

A
r R2

J1

R2

HJ 0

R2

Y1

R2

HY0

R2

0,

where the constants A and B, can be determined from the following determinant: J 0 R1 Y0 R1 0, HJ 0 R 2 J1 R 2 HY0 R 2 Y1 R 2 therefore the eigenvalues equation can be written as: 20

Heat Flow along Infinite Hollow Cylinder Using Maple 13 ]

HY0

R2

Y1

R2

J0

R1

HJ 0

R2

J1

R2

Y0

R1

(6)

Simultaneous solution of equations (5) and (6) yields: A HY0 R 2 Y1 R 2 , B HJ 0 R 2 therefore the eigenfunctions are determent as follows: Uk (r) HY0 R 2 Y1 R 2 J 0 r HJ 0 R 2 Finally, the solutions of the problem (1), is:

J1

R2 J1

,
R2 Y0 r

(7)

u k (r, t) Ck Uk (r)e
and the general solution is:

2 2 ka t

u(r, t)
k 1

Ck U k r e

2 2 ka t

(8)

where:
R2

F(r) rU k (r)dr Ck
R1 R2

r U k (r) dr
R1

knowing that Ck are Fourier Bessel's coefficients. Programming Maple [1]:

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International Journal of Algorithms, Computing and Mathematics

t0
t1
t2

Fi
Fig. 3

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Heat Flow along Infinite Hollow Cylinder Using Maple 13 ]

Fig.4

F(r)

u(r,0)

Fig.5

Conclusion Generated plots by using Maple 13 reveal the following: 1. Numerical determination of eigenvalues is subject to trial and error procedure, for each assumed thickness of the cylinder wall. 2 2. The empirical relationship is proven its validity to calculate
R2 R1

eigenvalues without any need to the trial and error procedure. 3. Heat flow through the cylinder, as illustrated by the animated graphs, occurs uniformly and consistently passing through the roots of the solution function with a high accuracy [2.434308605, 3.878527064]. 4. The decline of the isothermal surfaces regardless of temperatures changes, 2 2 occurs according to the term e k a t always passing through the roots of solution function. 5. Usage of Maple 13 provides effective visual animated graphs to develop a better understanding of temperature flow behavior under the effect of the assumed boundary conditions. References
1. 2. 3. Articolo, G. A., 1998, "Partial Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems with Maple V", Academic Press, San Diego. Carslaw, H. S. and Jaeger, J. C., , 1984, "Conduction of Heat in Solids", Clarendon Press, Oxford. Kochlekof N. C., Glener E. B., Smernof M. M., 1970 "Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics", High School, Moscow,. [In Russian].

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