Moving

Towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport With Annual Repor<ng and Monitoring

Michael Replogle
Institute for Transportation & Development Policy

8 MDBs Pledge $175 b for more sustainable transport with annual reporting and monitoring in coordination with Partnership on Sustainable Low Carbon Transport

Sustainable Transport Dened:

Sustainable transport enables access to goods and services that support equitable development while limi7ng short and long term adverse consequences for environmental, social and economic services and systems.
Social

Economic Environmental

Proposed Sustainable Transport Sustainable Development Goal: Universal Access to Safe, Clean and Aordable Transport

Comprehensive Targets, Indicators, and Data at Dierent Scales Required

Project & Por;olio

Challenges to consider systemwide impacts, induced demand

Plan & Region

Optimal scale to consider system impacts for metropolitan plans/programs

Na?on
Often best for evaluating large programs and system policies

Measuring Transport Emissions

COMPLEX:
* measuring * monitoring * boundary setting * causality determinations

SIMPLE:
evaluation framework and metrics

Environmental Analysis Data Needs

Motor vehicle eet:

Such data often unreliable or unavailable
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Type Age Turnover rates Maintenance Fuel type Fuel quality Related emission factors

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Credit: Yang JIANG, Daizong LIU, Suping CHEN, Assessment Tools for China LowCarbonCity Projects From the CSTCs Perspective, 2011

Good tools with default data go a long way

Use policy sensi<ve sketch tools, defaults, standards to make progress Invest in beKer data & models as part of sustainable mobility ini<a<ves

TEEMP & TEEMP City

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Transport Emission Es<ma<on Model for Projects (TEEMP): Sketch Analysis Tools
Project Sketch Models
Bike sharing, bikeways Pedestrian Facility Improvement BRT/LRT/MRT Roads Railways Pricing Strategies City Sketch Analysis

CO2: construction & operations PM & NOx emissions operations Trac fatalities & co-benets GEF-indirect replication impact Design scorecards Dynamic baselines

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Advancing MDB Transport Sustainability

1. Project appraisal in project prepara<on
Compare build/no-build/alterna<ve impacts Mul<-criteria scoring and iden<fy fatal aws Iden<fy feasible impact avoidance/mi<ga<on Report on approved projects Use to improve public involvement and enhance transparency

Greening Highways
Enhance mul<-modal op<ons
Sidewalks, cycleways, bus stops, safe crossings, public transport priority

Manage trac growth

Time-of-day tolling, price parking Access management/limita<on

Op<mize construc<on/opera<ons
Stormwater management Speed management Real <me opera<on management

Greening Public Transport

Cost-eec<ve design
Gold-Standard BRT vs. metro Mul<modal terminals Integrated feeder systems Bicycle and pedestrian access Fare policy/integra<on

Construc<on/Opera<ons
Design to minimize lifecycle cost Op<mize opera<onal plan Real <me transit informa<on and opera<onal management

Maximizing System Benets At Least Cost

System impacts & cost-eec<veness vs. project outputs Opera<onal and pricing strategies considered at planning stage

426 kilometres of BRT

40 kilometres of LRT

14 kilometres of elevated rail

7 kilometres of subway

Advancing MDB Transport Sustainability

2. Appraisal in country strategy development/review:
Iden<fy sustainable low carbon transport policies op<ons Support for Na<onally Appropriate Mi<ga<on Strategies Mul<-criteria score of country strategies and alterna<ves

Advancing MDB Transport Sustainability

3. Por`olio & management appraisal and repor<ng
Evaluate carbon footprint & impact burdens of departments, countries, project types Average scores by project & indicator type for departments, countries Compare annual progress by unit, project type Ex-post monitoring to enhance data/knowledge
Source: ADB. 2010. Reducing Carbon Emissions from Transport Projects

Example of Carbon Metrics: Project & Por`olio

Gross CO2 emissions: tons CO2 intensity per unit of mobility: g/pass-km and g/ ton-km CO2 intensity per dollar of investment: tons/USD$ Net no-build CO2 eect: tons relative to dynamic baseline
Source: ADB. 2010. Reducing Carbon Emissions from Transport Projects

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Example of Ini<al Baseline Carbon Footprint Analysis

Cumulative CO2 Construction and Operations Emissions (Million Tons) of ADB-Funded Transport Projects during 20002009
Source: ADB. 2010. Reducing Carbon Emissions from Transport Projects

A Range of Direct, Indirect, Secondary, & Cumula<ve Impacts Air pollu<on: emissions, exposures, health eects Direct/indirect lifecycle GHGs Changes in physical ac<vity Noise exposures

Eec<ve Impact Analysis Considers

Water Supply, Quality, & Flow Impacts

Photo: AlphaTangoBravo / Adam Baker, http:// www.flickr.com/photos/ atbaker/447122802/sizes/m/ in/photostream/

Value of protecting the environment and public space for economic development and future generations

Photo: Carlos Pardo

Eec<ve Impact Appraisal Considers:

Path dependency: lock-in eects of car dependent development & motoriza<on vs. compact TOD Impacts on parallel facili<es Compliance with meaningful health & safety standards

Recent Advances in Environmental Analysis

UKs New Approach to Appraisal (NATA) advanced considera?on of environmental impacts (1994-2005) hSp://www2.dV.gov.uk/pgr/economics/rdg/integratedtransporteconomics3078.html EU Strategic Environmental Assessment (2007) hSp://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/sea-support.htm Incorpora?on of principles that users and polluters should pay Evalua?on of GHG emissions & co-benets of low carbon sustainable transport

For More Informa<on

Michael Replogle
Managing Director for Policy and Founder Ins?tute for Transporta?on and Development Policy 1210 18th Street NW Washington, DC 20036 USA 212-629-8001 www.itdp.org

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