1. State the expressions for inductance L of a open wire line and coaxial line.

For open wire line , L=9.21*10-7(/r +4ln d/a)=10-7(r+9.21log d/a) H/m For coaxial line, L = 4.60*10-7[log b/a]H/m 2. What is dissipation less line? A line for which the effect of resistance R is completely neglected is called dissipation less line . 3. What is the nature and value of Z0 for the dissipation less line? For the dissipation less line, the Z0 is purely resistive and given by, Z0=R0 = L/c 4. State the values of and for the dissipation less line. Answer: = 0 and = w LC (Nov/Dec 2003)

(Nov/Dec 2003)

5. What are nodes and antinodes on a line? (Dec 2005) The points along the line where magnitude of voltage or current is zero are called nodes while the the points along the lines where magnitude of voltage or current first maximum are called antinodes or loops. 6. What is standing wave ratio? (Dec 2003, June 2006, Dec 2006, June - 2009) The ratio of the maximum to minimum magnitudes of voltage or current on a line having standing waves called standing waves ratio.

S=

| Emax | ---------| Emin |

| Imax | ---------| Imin |

7. State the relation between standing wave ratio and reflection coefficient. (Dec 2005) Ans: 1+|K| S = ----------1-|K| 8. What are standing waves? If the transmission is not terminated in its characteristic impedance ,then there will be two waves traveling along the line which gives rise to standing waves having fixed maxima and fixed minima. 9. What is called standing wave ratio? The ratio of the maximum to minimum magnitudes of current or voltage on a line having standing wave is called the standing-wave ratio S. That is,

S=

| Emax | ---------| Emin |

| Imax | ---------| Imin |

10. State the relation between standing were ratio S and reflection co-efficient k. The relation between standing wave ratio S and reflection co-efficient k is, 1+|K| S-1 S = ----------also | K | = --------1-|K| S+1 11. List the applications of the smith chart. (June 2009) The applications of the smith chart are, (i) It is used to find the input impedance and input admittance of the line. (ii) The smith chart may also be used for lossy lines and the locus of points on a line then follows a spiral

path towards the chart center, due to attenuation. (iii) In single stub matching 12. What is the nature and value of Z0 for the dissipation less line? (Dec 2003) For the dissipation less line, the Z0 is purely resistive & is given by, Z0 = R0 = L/C 13. State the values of & for the dissipation less line. = 0 & = LC 14. Write the expression for input impedance of RF line. Zin = R0[(1 + |K| < - 2s) / (1 - |K| < - 2s)] Or Zin = R0[(ZR + jR0 tan s) / (R0 + jZR tan s)] 15. Distinguish between open & shorted line. A shorted line means having zero receiving end voltage & impedance. i.e., ZR = 0 & ER = 0 And open circuited line means having infinite receiving end impedance & zero receiving end current i.e., ZR = & IR = 0. 16. What are called standing waves? (May 2005) When a line is not terminated correctly into its characteristic impedance R0, then the part of energy transmitted returns back to the source as reflected wave. Then the distribution of voltage along the length of the line is not uniform, but minimum along the length of the line is not uniform; but minimum or maximum at different lengths. The points of minimum & maximum voltage or current are called nodes & antinodes respective. A line reflected back from the load consisting nodes & antinodes is called standing wave. 17. Determine K of a line for which ZR = 200, Z0 = 692 <-12. (May 2005) K = K = (ZR Z0) / (ZR + Z0) = (200 - 692<-12) / (200 + 692<-12) = (200 676.8 j143.8) / (200 + 676.8 j143.8) = 489.4<-162.91 / 888.51<-9.31 K = 0.55<-153.6 18. What is need for stub matching in transmission lines? When line at high frequency is terminated into its characteristic impedance R0 then line operates as smooth line. Under this condition, loses are absent hence maximum power is delivered with increased performance. But practically R0 & the line termination are not matching. So to provide impedance matching between line & its termination, stub matching is used. Matching between line & ite termination, stub matching is used. 19. What are the values of SWR for open circuit, short circuits & matched load?(May 2004, Nov/Dec - 2010) When load is either open circuit or short circuit, the value of |K| = 1. Hence the value of SWR is given by, SWR = (1 + |K|) / (1 - |K|) = (1+1)/(1-1) = When load is matched with characteristic impedance, the value of |K| is 0. Hence the value of SWR is given by, SWR = (1 + |K|) / (1 - |K|) = (1+0)/(1-0) = 1 20. What are constant S circles? (June 2009) The input impedance equation for a dissipation less line if expressed in terms of standing wave ratio S, results in the form of a circle. These circles are called a constant S circle. Since, the minimum value of S is unity, S circles surround the 1, 0 point. (Dec 2003)

21. Distinguish between single & double stub matching. S.NO SINGLE STUB MATCHING DOUBLE STUB MATCHING It has one stub to match the transmission line 1 It requires two stub for impedance matching impedance It requires both length & location of stub to be It requires only to alter the length of stubs for 2 altered for matching matching It requires stub should be placed at a definite 3 The location of stub is arbitrary place on a line 22. Write the expression to determine the position of stub. ls = ( /2 )[ + cos-1 |K|] or ls = (/2) tan-1 ZR / Z0 where K is the reflection coefficient, is the wavelength, ZR is the load impedance, Z0 is the characteristic impedance. 23. What is meant by electrical length of the line? (Nov/Dec 2003) The length of the transmission line expressed in terms of wavelength is called an electrical length of line.

PART B 8 & 12 MARKS QUESTION & ANSWERS

1. What are impedance matching devices.Write short notes on eighth line and half line. 2. Write short notes on quarter wave line and write its applications.(Nov/Dec 2005,

Nov/Dec 2010, May/June - 2007) 3. Explain in detail about single stub matching. (OR) Explain single stub matching on a transmission line & derive the expression for the location & the lengthe of the stub used for matching on a line. (Nov/Dec 2004, May/June 2005, June 2009, Dec - 2006) 4.Explain in detail about double stub matching. (May/June 2004, 2006, Nov/Dec - 2007 5.Derive an expression for the voltage and current on the dissipation less line. 6.Derive an expression for the input impedance under open and short circuited condition. (OR) Discuss how short circuited & open circuited lines can be used as circuit elements at high frequencies. (Nov/Dec 2005) 7.Derive an expression for the input impedance of the dissipation less line. (Nov/Dec 2006) 8.What are standing waves? Derive the expression for standing wave Ratio. (Nov/Dec 2003 9. Discuss how a smith chart is constructed & mention its applications. (June 2009) 10. Explain the method of power & impedance measurement on the line. (Nov/Dec 2004, 2005, May/June 2006) 11.

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19. Show that the reflection coefficient (Nov/Dec 2004) 20. Describe diagrammatically the incident & reflected voltage-wave phasors & values along the dissipationless line for successive instants of time, for an open circuited line. (May/June 2006) 21. Derive the expression for constant S circle for the dissipation less line & explain. (Nov/Dec 2007)