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OPERATION MANUAL
CE-70
FREQLIENCY
SELECTIVE
LEVELMETER
APPLICABLE TO INSTRUMENTS
WITH SERIAL NUMBERS 206
AND ABOVE. 7-78
MODEL CE-70
FREQUENCY SELECTIVE LEVELMETER
OPERATION MANUAL
JULY 1976
5601"0062
WCCW
EFFECTIVE DATE: APRIL 1, 1977
CUSHMAN INSTRUMENT WARRANTY
All instruments manufactured by Cushman Electronics, Inc. are warranteed against defects in material and
workmanship for a period of one year from the date of original shipment. Cushman will repair or replace
instruments, which prove to be defective, in accordance with the following policy. This policy does not
apply to repair service, parts sales, nor does it apply to instruments, or parts of the instrument, which in
the opinion of Cushman, have been altered or misused.
All Countries
During the first three months after the date of original shipment, no charge for parts, replacement PC
boards, labor, or freight for instruments serviced at an authorized Cushman Service Center. Free freight
applies onl y within the customer's cou ntry. Method of tra nsportation shall be designated by an authorized
Cushman representative or Service Center.
During the fourth through the twelfth month after the date of original shipment, no charge for parts,
replacement PC boards, and labor for instruments serviced at an authorized Cushman Service Center.
All transportation charges for instruments, parts, or replacement PCboards shall be paid by the customer
during this period.
Replacement PC boards during the first year are war ran teed only when the defective boards have been
identified by an authorized Cushman Service Center and the defective PC board is returned in accordance
with Cushman's exchange board pol icy.
U.S.A. and Canada
In the U.S.A. and Canada an additional two year limited warranty is offered extending from the 13th until
the 36th month from the date of original shipment. This warranty is effective beginning with instruments
purchased on or after April 1, 1977. During this period, the following limited warranty policy applies:
No charge for parts used by an authorized Cushman Service Center to repair an instrument.
Cushman will replace at no charge, PC boards which are found to be defective by an authorized Cushman
Service Center. Defective boards must be returned to Cushman in accordance with Cushman's PC board
exchange policy.
All transportation charges for instru ments, parts, and replacement PC boards sha II be paid by the
customer during this period.
Cathode ray tubes and batteries excluded.
5 man
Electronics, Inc.
CUSHMAN OPERATION MANUAL
CE-70
JULY 1976
MODEL CE-70
FREQUENCY SELECTIVE LEVELMETER
CONTENTS PAGE
1. GENERAL.
2. DESCRIPTION 3
OPERATING FEATURES 3
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION 3
CHARACTERISTICS 3
OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES 3
3. PREPARATION. 11
UNPACKING AND INSPECTION 11
POWER REQUIREMENTS 11
GROUNDING REQUIREMENTS 11
WARM-UP REQUIREMENTS 11
4. CALIBRATION . 11
5. MEASUREMENTS 12
COMMON PROCEDURES 12
FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT
USING BFO OUTPUT 12
OPERATING NOTES 13
SINGLE FREQUENCIES (PILOTS,
CARRIER LEAK AND TEST TONES) 13
SINGLE FREQUENCY IN dBmO 14
SPURIOUS TONES IN TERMS OF
dBrn AND dBrnO 14
TONE LEVEL ON SSB CHANNELS 14
CONTENTS PAGE
5. MEASUREMENTS (Cont)
FLUCTUATION NOISE IN dBp,
dBrnC, dBrnCO . . 14
SPURIOUS SIGNALS 15
NOISE POWER RATIO (NPRI 15
PHASE JITTER . . 15
BRIDGING PROBE. 16
REPAIR SERVICE . 16
PREPARATION FOR RESHIPMENT. 16
1. GENERAL
1.01 The Cushman CE-70 Frequency Selective
Levelmeter, Figure 1, is specifically designed
for maintenance of FDM multichannel carrier sys
tems of either the landline or radio services. It has
the capability of measuring signals, noise and fre
quency over the range of 1 kHz to 25 MHz. This
extended frequency range makes the CE-70 suitable
for testing high density systems including Bell
Systems LMX-1, LMX-2, LMX-3, L-Carrier sys
tems, L1, L3, L4, Coax and TD-2, TH-1, TH-3
radio multiplex systems.
1.02 A frequency synthesized tuning system is
controlled by digital Frequency Selector
dials which may be set to the desired frequency
with 10 Hz resolution. A search mode provides
"continuous" tuning. This covers the full frequency
range in either 10 Hz, 100 Hz or 1000 Hz steps.
Since the Local Oscillator frequencies are generated
by a frequency synthesizer which is referenced to a
very stable crystal oscillator, measurements are
stable and drift is nearly eliminated.
Printed in U.S.A. Page 1
5601"0062
COM CE-70
\n."I...
.. . ""
Figure 1. Model CE-70 Frequency Selective Levelmeter
(600 ohm jacks shown in photo is original configuration. See Figure 2
for later arrangement using a single W.E. 310 jack.!
1.03 The Level measurement range is from
+10 to -109 dBm at 0 dB on the meter
(+10 to -90 dBm in TONE and -10 to -109 dBm
in NOISE mode). To this may be added the meter
range of +2 dB to -20 dB. The meter also has a
i 1 dB expanded scale so that scale readings may
be resolved to .05 dB. Overall level accuracy is
iO.15 dB to -69 dBm to 18.6 MHz. Operation
in the EXP mode is signalled by a front panel
indicator light.
1.04 The CE-70 may be used with equipment
or systems having anyone of four standard
impedances, 75n, 124n, 135n, or 600n. The
impedances are switch selected. As an option 150n
is available in place of The CE-70 has internal
terminations of all these impedances. Bridging meas
urements require the use of a Bridging Probe.
1.05 The CE-70 is equipped with a selectable
1.74kHz equivalent C-message bandwidth
filter with a switchable NOISE, or TONE, mode.
This permits direct carrier or tone level-to-noise
measurements on fully loaded systems. This filter
also permits noise measurements directly in dBrnC
or dBp. A narrow band, switch selected 75 Hz
bandwidth filter for pilot or single frequency
measurements is also included.
1.06 Calibration is rapidly and efficiently per
formed without disturbing the frequency
and level settings. When the CAL button is depressed
all circuits are placed in the CAL mode at the fre
quency to which the CE-70 is tuned. It is then only
necessary to set the meter to zero with the calibra
tion control.
1.07 A Vernier Level control having a range of
about 1. 5 dB is provided for ease of setting
o dB in making relative level measurements. An
indicator light comes on to show that the control is
out of the calibration position.
1.08 A BFO output provides a 0 dBm signal
into 75n at the frequency to which the
CE-70 is tuned. This output is available at a BNC
connector on the rear panel. A RECORDER Output,
providing an 0.8 volt DC level for 0 dB reading on
the meter, is also available on the rear panel through
a BNC connecor.
1.09 A SIGNAL PRESENCE and an OVERLOAD
light monitor the instrument input circuits.
The SIGNAL PRESENCE light indicates the pres
ence of a signal that will cause the meter to read
-8 dB or higher. The OVERLOAD light will come
on whenever there is an interfering signal that will
cause distortion in the first mixer circuit.
Page 2
COM CE-70
1.10 Audio demodulation of USB, LSB or AM
is selected by front panel switches. Audio
output is available either through front panel phone
jacks or an internally mounted speaker. For check
ing the quality of demodulated voice communica
tions the optional 3.1 kHz BW should be used.
1.11 Provision is made on the front panel to
supply power to an external bridging probe.
2. DESCRIPTION
OPERATING FEATURES
2.01 The front panel controls of the CE-70
Frequency Selective Levelmeter are shown
in Figure 2. A description of the operating Controls,
Indicators and Connectors is given in Table A.
2.02 Rear panel connections are shown in
Figure 3. A description of the rear panel
connectors is given in Table B.
16}---------- "'"\
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
2.03 The physical size of the CE-70 is: 7-3/4"H
x 17-3/4" W x 22" D and the weight is
50 lbs. The instrument is powered from 115/230
VAC, 50-60 Hz and nominal AC input is 100 VA.
CHARACTE RISTICS
2.04 The characteristics of the CE-70 are given
in Table C.
OPTIONS AND, ACCESSORIES
2.05 The CE-70 may be ordered with a 3.1 kHz
bandwidth in addition to the standard 75 Hz
and 1.74 kHz bandwidths. An input impedance of
150n may be ordered in place of 124n. Two BNC
to Coaxial adapters, PIN 2532-0001, are furnished
with each instrument.
------------.
HI)---+-_____
'-------------(10
'----------------{11
L--------------__--{Il
Figure 2. CE-70 Front Panel Controls, Connectors and Indicators
Page 3
5601"0062
COM CE-70
TABLE A
CE-70 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS, CONNECTORS AND INDICATORS
REF. NO.
IFlG.2l
CONTROL. CONNECTOR
OR INDICATOR FUNCTION
1 Frequency Display LED digital readout of frequency to which frequency dials
are set.
2 MHz kHz Frequency dial selectors.
3 Level Display LED digital readout of attenuator setting.
4 Level Uncal Lights when Vernier dial not in CAL detent position.
5 Bandwidth Hz Switches select indicated IF bandwidth. (3.1 kHz bandwidth
optional)
6 Search tl.F Manual tuning control for Search mode.
7 Search Decade Selects frequency increments for manual tuning.
8 Audio Monitor Dual or single jack output for headphone monitoring. Speaker
automatically disconnected.
9 Audio USB/LSB/AM Selects type of demodulation.
10 Audio Volume Pwr Off Adjusts audio output volume. Power off switch in detent
position.
11 Vernier Adjusts level between 1 dB steps.
12 1 dB/Step Adjusts one dB per step attenuator.
13 10 dB/Step Adjusts ten dB per step attenuator.
14 Tone/Noise Switches 20 dB attenuation between RF and IF for Tone or
Noise measurement.
15 Input 600 600n balanced input, single tip ring sleeve jack W.E. 310.
16 Input 135 135n balanced input, dual tip sleeve jacks.
17 Probe Power +15V, banana jack connector.
18 Input 75 75n unbalanced input, coaxial jack.
19 Input 124 124Q balanced input, coaxial jacks.
20 Impedance Q Selects the required input impedance.
21 Norm/Exp Selects the Normal -20 dBm to +2 dBm or Expanded -1 dBm
to +1 dBm meter scale. Resolution .05 dB.
22 Push to CAL Sets all circuits to the CAL mode.
23 Push to CAL Control Adjusts gain to calibrate meter.
24 Meter Indicates signal level referred to attenuator setting.
25 Input Overload Lights when input circuits overloaded.
26 Signal Presence Lights when input signal level is suitable for measurements.
Page 4 5601"0062
COM CE-70
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Figure 3. CE-70 Rear Panel Controls and Connectors
TABLE B
CE-70 REAR PANEL CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS
REF NO.
(FIG.31
CONTROL OR
INDICATOR FUNCTION
1 A (Black) A (Red) L.a. from CE-71 or CE-70.
2 E (Black) A (Red) L.a. to CE-71 or CE-70.
3 D (Black) 80 kHz to CE-71.
4 C (Black) C (Red) L.a. output to CE-71 or CE-72.
5 B (Black) 10 MHz output to CE-72.
6 Recorder Output 0.8V output for 0 dB on meter.
7 ON/OFF Switch to control BFa output.
8 BFa OUTPUT 0-25 MHz output at 0 dBm.
9 Cooling fan.
10 1-1/2A SB 115V
3/4A SB 230V
AC power fuse.
11 SWITCHED LINE
OUTPUT Switch controlled AC power to CE-71 or CE-72.
12. 115V/230V AC power source voltage select switch.
Page 5
5601'0062
COM CE-70
TABLE C
CE-70 SPECIFICATIONS
ITEM CHARACTERISTiC
FREQUENCY
Range
75.11
124.11
135.11
150.11 (Optional)
600.11
Accuracy
20 to 30 C
0 to 50" C
Aging Error
Modes of Operation
Resolution
Fixed Tune Mode
Search Mode
Display
1 kHz to 25 MHz
60 kHz to 11.5 MHz
10 kHz to 3.2 MHz
10 kHz to 5 MHz
1 kHz to 650 kHz
20 HZl PPM
25 Hz 2 PPM
< 5 PPM/year
Fixed tune
Search
10 Hz
10 Hz, 100 Hz, 1000 Hz
7 digit red L.E.D.
LEVEL
Range (ref. to 0 dB on meter)
Display
Accuracy, After Level Calibration, 75.11
(Ref. to 0 dB on meter)
Tone Mode, 25C 5C
75Hz Bandwidth
10 kHz to 18.6 MHz
-69 to +10 dBm
-89 to -69 dBm
18.6 MHz to 25 MHz
-69 to +10 dBm
-89 to -69 dBm
1 kHz to 10 kHz
-69 to +10 dBm
-89 to -69 dBm
1.74 kHz Bandwidth, 3.1 kHz
Bandwidth (Optional)
10 kHz to 25 MHz
-109 to +10 dBm
3 digit L.E.D.
0.15 dB
0.20 dB
0.25 dB
0.30 dB
0.30 dB
0.70 dB
0.05 dB additional
Page 6 56010062
COM CE-70
TABLE C (Cont)
CE-70 SPECIFICATIONS
ITEM CHARACTERISTIC
I
,
Tone Mode, OC to +55C
Noise Mode, 25C 5C
75 Hz Bandwidth
100 kHz to 18.6 MHz
-99 to -10 dBm
-109 to -99 dBm
18.6 MHz to 25 MHz
-99 to -10 dBm
-109 to -99 dBm
10 kHz to 100 kHz
-99 to -10 dBm
-109 to -99 dBm
1.74 kHz Bandwidth, 3.1 kHz
Bandwidth (Optional)
10 kHz to 25 MHz
Noise Mode, OC to +55C
Accuracy; 124, 135, 600n
25C 5C
OC to +55C
Accuracy: 150n (Optional)
.25C to 5C
OC to +55C
Digital Resolution
Analog Meter
Normal Mode
Expand Mode
Resolution
Linearity Error
Expand. +1 dB to -1 dB
Normal Mode
+2 to -10 dB
-10 to -15 dB
-15 to -20 dB
Calibrate - Push to CAL button
0.10 dB additional
0.25 dB
0.35 dB
0.30 dB
0.50 dB
0.40 dB
0.9 dB
0.10 dB additional
0.10 dB additional
0.10 dB additional to 75n
0.15 dB additional to 75n
0.15 dB additional to 75n
0.20 dB additional to 75n
1 dB and 10 dB steps plus vernier
-20 dB to +2 dB
-1 dB to +1 dB
0.05 dB
0.02 dB
0.1 dB
0.5 dB
0.7 dB
CAL adjust automatically calibrates at selected
frequency. Calibrate level: -40 dBm
Page 7
COM CE-70
TABLE C (Cont)
CE-70 SPECIFICATIONS
ITEM
INPUT
Impedance
Unbalanced
Balanced
Standard Unit
Optional Unit
Return Loss, 75D.
Tone Mode
-79 to +10 dBm
-89 to -79 dBm
Noise Mode
-89 to -10 dBm
-99 to -89 dBm
Return Loss, 124, 135, 600, 150D. (Optional)
Tone Mode
-79 to +10 dBm
-89 to -79 dBm
Noise Mode
-89 to -10 dBm
-99 to -89 dBm
Common Mode Rejection: 124,135,600,
150D. (Optional)
Input Protection
Overload Indicator (Display for
1800 channel noise input)
Tone Mode
Noise Mode
Signal Presence Indicator
CHARACTERISTIC
Push button selectable
75D.
124D., 135D., 600D.
135D., 150D., 600D.
;;;. 30 dB
;;;. 20 dB
;;;. 30 dB
;;;. 20 dB
;;;. 30 dB, except for 1st octave of frequency
range
;;;. 27 dB, including 1st octave of frequency
range
;;;. 20 dB
;;;. 30 dB, except for 1st octave of frequency
range
;;;. 27 dB, including 1st octave of frequency
range
;;;. 20 dB
30 dB nominal
60V DC, 1 ms transient
25 dB per channel overdrive, typical
45 dB per channel overdrive, typical
Displays for> -8 dB on meter.
Page B
56010062
COM CE-70
TABLE C (Cont)
CE-70 SPECIFICATIONS
ITEM
BANDWIDTH
75 Hz
3 dB
60 dB
1.74 kHz (Equivalent Noise Bandwidth)
3 dB
60 dB
3.1 kHz (Optional)
3 dB
60 dB
INTERNAL DISTORTION, NOISE MODE
(10 kHz to 25 MHz)
Harmonic
For 60 dB Sensitivity Increase
Noise Power Ratio
Equivalent 1800 Channel System with
Stop Band Slot at 8.002 MHz or
2.438 MHz, for 40 dB Sensitivity
Increase
Equivalent 600 Channel System with
Stop Band Slot at 2.438 MHz, for 40 dB
Sensitivity Increase
INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCIES
IF 1
IF 2
IF 3
IF REJECTION
1 kHz to 100 kHz
1 kHz to 25 MHz
IMAGE REJECTION
AUDIO OUTPUT
Demodulation
Monitor Output
Level
CHARACTERISTIC
75 Hz 10%
< 350 Hz
2.3 kHz 10%
<4.6 kHz
3.1 kHz 10%
<6.2 kHz
> 75 dB below fundamental
54 dB minimum, 56 dB typical
56 dB minimum, 58 dB typical
50.7 MHz
10.7 MHz
80 kHz
> 70 dB
> 80 dB
> 80 dB
AM
USB, LSB (Offset by 2.0 kHz from IF)
odBm nominal into 600ft for 0 dB on meter
5601--0062
Page 9
I
COM CE-70
TABLE C (Cont)
CE-70 SPECIFICATIONS
ITEM
Residual Phase Jitter (CE-70 Tuned from
100 kHz to 25 MHz)
Tone Mode, for signals> -69 dBm,
20 Hz to 300 Hz away from carrier,
for 5 dB overdrive on meter
Harmonic Distortion, 1 kHz tone
Speaker Output variable
RECORDER OUTPUT
Level
Connector (Rear panel)
BFO OUTPUT
Level
10 kHz to 25 MHz
1 kHz to 10 kHz
Connector (Rear panel)
TIME BASE OUTPUT (Rear Connector BB)
Frequency
Level
Connector
FIRST LOCAL OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS
(Rear Connectors AA and CC)
Frequency
Level
Connector
THIRD IF OUTPUT (Rear Connector D)
Frequency
Level
Connector
PROBE POWER (Front Panel)
POWER REQUIREMENTS
0.5
0
P-P nominal
5% maximum
100 mw maximum
CHARACTERISTICS
0.8 volts DC, typical into 1Kn for 0 dB on meter
BNC
odBm 0.2 dB into 75n
odBm 0.25 dB into 75n
BNC
10.000000 MHz
-10 dBm 4 dB into 50n
BNC
50.7 to 75.7 MHz
-10 dBm 2 dB into 50n
BNC
80 kHz
-50 dBm 2 dB into 600n
BNC
+15V DC, 50mA maximum
115V 10% (230V 10% optional) 50 to 60 Hz,
100 VA nominal
Page 10 S6010062
COM CE-70
TABLE C (Cant)
CE-70 SPECIFICATIONS
ITEM CHARACTERISTIC
DIMENSIONS
WEIGHT
ENVIRONMENTAL
Temperature Range
Operating
Storage
7-3/4" H x 17-3/4" W x 22" D
50lbs.
OC to +55C
-40C to +75C
3. PREPARATION FOR USE
UNPACKING AND INSPECTION
3.01 When unpacking the CE-70 Frequency
Selective Levelmeter, inspect the packing
box and instrument for signs of possible damage.
Verify satisfactory performance as outlined in the
operating instructions (Section 5) of this manual. If
the instrument is damaged, fails to operate properly
or if any of the accessories are missing, file a 'claim
with the transportation agency, or, if insured sepa
rately, with the insurance company.
POWER REQUIREMENTS
3.02 The CE-70 operates from a 115 or 230 volt
(10%) AC source, 50 to 400 Hz with a
nominal 100VA input. A 1-1/2A SB (3/4A SB for
230 VAC) fuse provides protection.
GROUNDING REQUI REMENTS
3.03 The CE-70 is equipped with a three-
conductor power cable which, when plugged
into an appropriate receptacle, grounds the instru
ment. To preserve this protection when operating
the instrument from a two-wire outlet, use a three
prong to two prong adapter and connect the green
lead on the adapter to ground.
WARM-UP REQUIREMENTS
3.04 There are no special warm-up requirements
for the CE-70. The instrument is ready for
use as soon as it is turned on. Operational Calibration
should be performed periodically, however, for the
first sixty minutes of use.
5601"0062
4. CALIBRATION
4.01 In the Calibrate mode the instrument is
automatically set up and the calibration
signal supplied. The calibration signal is the same
frequency to which the instrument is tuned. For
calibration the Level is automatically set to -40
dBm, the instrument placed in the TONE mode
and the VERNIER disengaged.
4.02 Calibrate the CE-70 as follows:
(a) Ensure that rear panel BNC connectors EA
and AA are interconnected by a short cable.
(b) Depress the PUSH TO CAL and the METER
EXP switches.
(c) Set the BANDWIDTH to 75 Hz.
(d) Tune the CE-70 to the frequency to be
measured.
Note: It is advisable to disconnect the
instrument from the FDM carrier system
during calibration in order to obtain the
highest precision.
(e) Adjust the meter to 0 dB on the Expanded
(lower) scale, using the control to the right
of the PUSH TO CAL switch.
(f) Depress the Meter NORM switch. The meter
should read 0 dB O.l dB on the upper scale.
(g) Depress and release the PUSH TO CAL
switch. The CE-70 is now ready for making
measurements.
Page 11
COM CE-70
5. MEASUREMENTS
COMMON PROCEDURES
5.01 Set the CE-70 controls as follows:
(a) Select the proper input impedance by
depressing the switch having the appro
priate label. Connect the system to the jacks with
a suitable cable. The 75.12 line is an unbalanced
input while the 124.12, 135.12, 600.12 (150.12
optional) are balanced inputs.
Note: Although separate inputs are pro
vided for each impedance, only one system
should be connected to the CE-70 at any
one time. This will avoid errors in the
measurement due to crosstalk.
(b) Set the LEVEL controls for the expected
signal levels using both the 10 dB/step and
the 1dB/step controls. The LEVEL readout shows
the level for 0 dB on the meter. The actual level is
the algebraic sum of the Level readout and the
meter reading. The Level may be set over the range
of +10 dBm to -89 dBm in the TONE mode and
from -10 dBm to -109 dBm in the NOISE mode.
(c) Set the FREQUENCY selector controls to
the desired frequency.
(d) Set the BANDWIDTH switch to 1.74 kHz.
The signal should appear on the meter. If
not, set the SEARCH/DECADE switch to either
1 kHz, 100 Hz or 10 Hz. Rotate the 6 F Control
to search for the signal. As the CE-70 is tuned
through the signal the SIGNAL PRESENCE light
will come on momentarily. Adjust 6 F until the
light stays on and note the Frequency of the
readout. Switch the SEARCH/DECADE Control
to OFF and set the Frequency controls to the
Frequency noted. The signal will now appear on
the meter.
Note: If the INPUT OVERLOAD light
comes on it indicates that there is in the
input a signal 25 dB higher (in the TONE
mode; 45 dB higher in the Noise mode)
than the signal being measured, and that
the input circuits of the CE-70 are being
overloaded. Inaccurate measurements could
result because the CE-70 is not being
operated in its specification region. If the
INPUT OVERLOAD light comes on in the
TONE mode, switch to the NOISE mode.
If the light comes on in the NOISE mode
a bandpass, low pass or high pass filter in
the input of the CE-70 is required.
Page 12
5.02 Relative dB measurements are easily made
by using the VERNIER LEVEL control.
The Level is adjusted to the 0 dB mark on the
meter at the Frequency of interest by adjusting
the VERNIER control. The difference in dB is then
readily found for bandwidth measurements or for
the comparison of other signals by tuning to the
frequencies of interest and reading the difference
on the meter. The LEVEL UNCAL light remains
on whenever the VERNIER is out of its calibrated
position to indicate this fact.
5.03 Noise measurements, using the 1.74 kHz
bandwidth, are easily made by using the
relationships .of dBrnC == .CE-70 reading in dBm
+90.5 dB and dBp == CE-70 reading in dBm +
90.0 dB. This is based on the CE-70 measured
dBm reading related to C message equivalent or
psophometric equivalent weighted noise as follows:
dBrnC or dBp =CE-70 dBm + 90 dB + BWfdB + MfdB
BWf == Bandwidth factor
Cmsg == -0.35 dB
p =-1.2 dB
M
f
= Meter factor
CE-70 average reading rectifier meter
calibrated for RMS = +1.05 dB
dBrnC == CE-70 dBm +90 dB -0.35 dB +1.05 dB
~ CE-70 dBm +90.5 dB
dBp =CE-70 dBm +90 dB -1.2 dB +1.05 dB
~ CE-70 dBm +90 dB
FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENT USING BFO
OUTPUT
5.04 Proceed as follows:
(a) Calibrate the CE-70 and perform the
Common procedures of paragraphs 4.02
and 5.01.
(b) Connect to the system under test as shown
below:
SYSTEM
UNDER TEST OUTPUT
7Sfl
ATTENUATOR
5601"0062
COM CE-70
OPERATING NOrES
The following general operating principles should
be kept in mind so that most effective use may
be made of the CE-70 FSIM.
(a) When making tone level measurements
the CE-70 should always be set to the
TONE mode and to 75 Hz BANDWIDTH.
Tone measurements may be made down to
-89 dBm.
(b) For precision tone measurements the
CE-70 should always be calibrated in the
75 Hz BANDWIDTH. If tone measurements
must be made in the 1.74 kHz or 3.1 kHz
BANDWIDTH, the tone should first be tuned
in using the 75Hz BANDWIDTH. Then the
tone signal should be disconnected and the
CE-70 set to the wider BANDWIDTH and
then calibrated without altering the Frequency
setting. The signal is then reconnected and the
measurement made.
(c) When making noise level measurements
the CE-70 should always be placed in
the NOISE mode and the BANDWIDTH set
to 1.74 kHz.
(d) The CE-70 should not be operated below
10 kHz unless in the 75 Hz BANDWIDTH
mode to prevent noise and L.a. feedthrough
from degrading the measurements.
(e) If the instrument is operated below 3 kHz
in any BANDWmTH mode, the Band
width filters may take a 0.1-0.3 dB set. After
again tuning above 3 kHz this set will die out
gradually in about 15 minutes. If the instru
ment is to be used above 3 kHz immediately
afterwards, it should be calibrated before every
measurement for about 15 minutes, until the
set has disappeared.
(f) When voice quality is to be checked the
3.1 kHz BANDWIDTH should be used.
(g) To avoid any errors due to crosstalk,
only one system at a time should be
connected to the CE-70.
(h) When making Frequency Response mea
surements using the BFa output the level
should not be adjusted lower than -69 dBrn,
and frequency should stay above 10 kHz.
(i) Remember that dBrnC = CE-70 dBm
+90.5 dB, and dBp = CE-70 dBm +90 dB.
(c) Set the BFa switch on the rear panel to
ON. The output level is 0 dBm. Adjust
the level to the system under test with an
external attenuataI'.
(d) Set SEARCH control to OFF. Set the
Frequency to the reference frequency to
be used in the test using the Frequency selector
digital dial controls.
(e) Set the CE-70 to the TONE mode. Set the
LEVEL controls for an indicated level of
o dB on the meter, using the Expanded scale.
The absolute level should be -69 dBm or higher,
and the frequency should be 10 kHz or higher.
(f) Adjust the VERNIER control for an exact
o dB reading on the meter. In this manner
the frequency response may be obtained relative
to the reference frequency specified.
(g) Set the SEARCH DECADE control to either
1 kHz, 100 Hz or 10 Hz. Rotate the t:J. F
Control to tune over the desired frequency range.
The Frequency readout and the BFa output will
5601"0062
advance in steps according to the DECADE Con
trol setting. The rate at which the frequency is
changed is directly proportional to the rate at
which the t:J.F Control is rotated.
(h) The frequency response down to the 20 dB
points can be measured directly on the
meter. Lower levels may be reached by adjusting
the 10 dB/step and 1 dB/step attenuataI'.
CautiO/I: Do not make frequency response
measurements using the BFO output at a level
lower than -69 dBm at meter zero or lower than
10kHz, to prevent BFO crosstalk.
SINGLE FREQUENCY (PILOTS, CARRIER LEAK AND
TEST TONES)
5.05 Proceed as follows:
(a) Calibrate and perform the common pro
cedures as given in paragraphs 4.02 and 5.01.
(b) Set the Frequency controls to the frequency
of the signal to be measured. Set th e BAND
WIDTH to 75 Hz.
Page 13
I
COM CE-70
(c) Set the SEARCH DECADE control to 10 Hz.
Tum the t. F Control for a maximum indi
cation on the meter.
(d) Increase the sensitivity to bring the signal
peak toward the 0 dB region of the meter
scale. Depress the EXP Control for 1 dB full
scale reading on the meter for greater resolution.
(If a slight beat is noticed on the meter needle,
detune the frequency by 10 Hz.) The level in
dBm is the algebraic sum of the LEVEL display
and the meter reading. This is true for all im
pedance .modes.
(e) Before taking the reading make certain that
the LEVEL UNCAL light is out, and the
SIGNAL PRESENCE and EXP lights are on. For
precision measurements the TONE mode should
always be used.
Note: If TONE measurements must be
made using 1.74 kHz or 3,1 kHz BW, first
peak the signal in the 75Hz BW mode,
disconnect signal from input, switch to
desired BW, CAL the CE-70 and then
reconnect the signal to the input to make
the measurement. This procedure gives the
highest accuracy.
SINGLE FREQUENCY IN dBmO
5.06 The term dBmO is widely used in Microwave
and Carrier systems to express noise and
signal power in terms of the levels that should
exist at zero transmission level points (OTLP). The
power level at any transmission level point can
be expressed in dBmO by adjusting the measured
power by the difference in level between the
measured power and the reference level at that
transmission level point.
(a) For example: A tone level of -40 dBm
measured at a -16 dB transmission level
point is equivalent to -24 dBmO.
(b) A tone level of +17 dBmO is equivalent to
+7 dBm measured at a -10 dB transmission
level point.
SPURIOUS TONES IN TERMS OF dBrn AND dBrnO
5.07 Proceed as follows:
(a) Since any spurious tones or noise super
imposed on a conversation have an inter
fering effect, it is desirable to have all interfering
Page 14
effects expressed in positive numbers. A 1000 Hz
tone at -90 dBm was selected as a reference
power having negligible interfering effect. Any
interfering effect above the reference level of
-90 dBm at 1000 Hz is defined in units of dBm.
(b) To convert a spurious signal level from dBm
to dBm add 90 dB to the dBm level.
(c) To convert dBm to dBmO subtract the
transmission level point (TLP) level from
the dBm number. For example: A +40 dBm
level at a -10 dB transmission level point is
equivalent to +50 dBmO (+40 dBm - (-10 dB)
= +50 dBmO).
TONE LEVEL ON SSB CHANNELS
5.08 Proceed as follows:
(a) Calibrate and make control settings as given
in paragraphs 4.02 and 5.01.
(b) Tune the CE-70 to the center of the channel.
(Carrier frequency plus 2 kHz for USB, or,
minus 2 kHz for LSB.)
(c) The audio signals will be present at the
MONITOR output jacks and the channel
may be monitored for noise and interference.
Adjust the volume control for audible signals
on the speaker.
(d) To measure the amplitude of any tone set
the CE-70 BANDWIDTH to 75Hz and tune
for maximum indication on the meter. Adjust
the signal to about the 0 dB level on the meter
using the step attenuator controls. The level will
be the algebraic sum of the LEVEL display and
the meter reading.
FLUCTUATION NOISE IN dBp, dBrnC, dBrnCO
5.09 Proceed as follows:
(a) Calibrate and make control settings as given
in paragraphs 4.02 and 5.01.
(b) Tune the CE-70 to the center of the channel.
(c) Set the TONE/NOISE switch to NOISE and
set BANDWIDTH to 1. 74kHz.
(d) Increase the sensitivity wi th the step atten
uator controls for an on scale reading on
the meter. If the meter suddenly "pegs" with a
56010062
small increase in sensitivity the mixer is being
overloaded by the adjacent channel. In this case
the INPUT OVERLOAD light will come on to
indicate that the input mixer is overloaded. When
this is the case a high pass, low pass, or bandpass
filter is required between the system being tested
and the CE-70 input.
(e) The channel noise level in dBm is the
algebraic sum of the LEVEL display and
the meter reading.
(f) The dBp (psophometric weighted) noise
reading is equal to the CE-70 reading in
dBm plus 90 dB.
(g) The dBrnC (C-message weighted) noise
reading is the CE-70 reading in dBm plus
90.5 dB.
(h) The dBrnCO noise reading is equal to the
noise reading in dBrnC minus the TLP
level. For example: A noise level of 40 dBrnC
at a -10 dB TLP is equal to +50 dBrnCO (+40
dBrnC - (-10 dB) ::= +50 dBrnCO).
SPURIOUS SIGNALS
5.10 Proceed as follows:
(a) Determine the lower frequency at which the
search is to begin. Tune the CE-70 to this
frequency with the SEARCH/DECADE Control
in the OFF position.
(b) Set the SEARCH/DECADE Control to
1 kHz and set BANDWIDTH to 1.74 kHz.
(c) Set the LEVEL Controls to the specified
level limits for spurious tones.
(d) Search for spurious signals by rotating the
flF Control in a clockwise direction. This
steps the CE-70 up in 1 kHz steps. The SIGNAL
PRESENCE light will come on as the frequency
is tuned through spurious tones greater than
-8 dB on the meter.
(e) To make an absolute level measurement,
place the SEARCH/DECADE switch in the
10 Hz position and set BANDWIDTH to 75 Hz.
Tune for a maximum reading on the meter. The
spurious tone level is the algebraic sum of the
LEVEL display reading and the reading on the
meter.
56010062
COM CE-70
NOISE POWER RATIO (NPR)
5.11 Proceed as follows:
(a) Connect the CE-70 to the baseband output
at the receive side of the FDM system (the
entrance link for coaxial cable; the output of
the FMR receiver discriminator for microwave
radios).
(b) Load the FlDM system with the full load
white noise specified for that system, at
the baseband input On the Transmit side of the
Coax Cable system (baseband input of the FMT
for microwave radios).
(c) Calibrate the CE-70 and perform COmmon
procedures as given in paragraphs 4.02
and 5.01.
(d) Place the CE-70 in the NOISE mode and
set BANDWIDTH to 1.74 kHz.
(e) Tune to the center of the channel in which,
the NPR is to be measured.
(f) Measure the noise level in this channel
(algebraic sum of LEVEL display and meter
reading). Note level in dEmo
(g) Slot out the noise in this channel at the
transmitter end of the FDM system.
(h) Again measure the residual noise at the
receiver end of this channel.
(i) The NPR is the difference in the readings
of (f) and (h). If step ,(f) reading is -40 dBm
and step (h) is -80 dBm the NPR is 40 dB (-40
dBm -,(-80 dBm) "" 40 dB).
PHASE JITTER
5.12 Proceed as follows:
(a) Calibrate the CE-70 and perform cornman
procedures as given in paragraphs 4.02
and 5.01.
(b) Set controls to TONE mode, 1.74 kHz
BANDWIDTH and LSB.
(c) Connect a Phase Jitter Meter to either one
of the MONITOR jacks on the CE-70 front
panel. (A Bradley 75LS Phase Jitter Meter or
equivalent is suggested.)
Page 15
COM CE-70
(d) Tune to the carrier or reference frequency
minus 1.00 kHz in the FDM system being
tested. For example: if the phase jitter on the
group pilot, 104.08 kHz, is being measured, tune
the CE-70 to 103.08 kHz. This will provide
a frequency translated tone of 1 kHz at the
MONITOR output jacks.
(e) Adjust the LEVEL controls for a level +5
dB higher than the 0 dB level of the meter.
(f) Adjust the VOLUME control for the proper
level into the phase jitter meter.
(g) Measure phase jitter directly with the Phase
Jitter Meter.
No te.' Phase jitter can be further reduced
by adjusting the LEVEL controIs for a level
greater than +5 dB but not more than +20
dB higher than the 0 dB level of the meter.
This will cause the meter to peg high which
is acceptable as meter is protected.
BRIDGING PROBE
5.13 Proceed as follows:
(a) Set the CE-70 to 75.12. Insert the Probe
connector into the 75.12 INPUT jack making
certain that the banana plug properly enters the
PROBE PWR connector.
(b) Perform the calibration and common pro
cedures of paragraphs 4.02 and 5.01.
(c) Connect the Probe to the system and per
form measurement according to the fore
going procedures.
REPAI R SERVICE
5.14 In the event that repair is required, contact:
Cushman Electronics, Inc.
Customer Service Department
2450 North First Street
San Jose, California 95131
Telephone: (408) 263-8100
5.15 Cushman Electronics repair service is also
available at the following service centers:
Page 16
16 Pages
Cushman Eastern Service Facility
100 Parish Drive
Wayne, New Jersey 07470
Telephone: (201) 696-0545
B.C.S. Associates, Inc.
940 North Fern Creek Avenue
Orlando, Florida 32803
Telephone: (305) 896-4881
Reshal Associates, Inc.
219 West University Drive
Arlington Heights, Illinois 60004
Telephone: (312) 398-7660
PREPARATION FOR RESHIPMENT
5.16 It is recommended that the shipping box
and foam packaging be kept in case it
becomes necessary to return the instrument to the
factory or the service center for service or repair.
5.17 The following 'paragraphs contain a general
guide for repackaging of the instrument for
shipment.
(a) Attach a tag to the instrument identifying
the owner, and indicate the service or repair
to be made. Include the model number and full
serial number of the instrument. In any corre
spondence, identify the instrument by model
and serial number.
(b) Place the instrument in the original con
tainer. Make certain that the container is
well sealed with strong tape.
(c) If the original container is not used, wrap
the instrument in plastic or heavy paper
before placing in an inner container.
(d) Place packing material around all sides of
the instrument.
(e) Place the instrument and inner container
in a heavy carton and seal with strong tape.
(f) Mark the shipping container:
"DELICATE ELECTRONIC
INSTRUMENT", "FRAGILE".
5601"0062.
Dear Customer:
Every effort is made at Cushman to deliver a better product.
If a correction or improvement should be made in this manual,
please indicate it on one of the postpaid cards attached and drop it
in the maHo
Help us to help you.
Cushman Electronics, Inc.
Publications Department
Operations
Cushman Maintenance
Manual, Model!CE- _
Instruction
I would like to see the following corrections/improvements made
in this manual:, _
Signature__~ _
Company _
Operations
Cushman Maintenance Manual, Model!CE- _
Instruction
I would like to see the following corrections/improvements made
in this manual:, _
Signature, _
Company .....
5599-0002
I II II I
NO POSTAGE
NECESSARY
IF MAILED
IN THE
UNITED STATES
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 6411 SAN JOSE, CA
POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
Cushman
Electronics, Inc.
2450 North First Street
San Jose, CA 95131
ATTN: PUBLICATIONS DEPT.
I II II I
NO POSTAGE
NECESSARY
IF MAILED
IN THE
UNITED STATES
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 6411 SAN JOSE, CA
POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE
Cushman
Electronics, Inc.
2450 North First Street
San Jose, CA 95131
ATTN: PUBLICATIONS DEPT.

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