Cpt’ The Future Is Working Together.e 1 Introduction WELL TESTING ‘A well test is the measurement, under controlled conditions, of all factors relating to the produc- tion of oil, gas, and water from a well. Acquired well test data is used to determine reservoir capa- bilities. Important decisions, such as production methods, well production improvement, and devel- ‘opmental drilling are made from this information, Regulatory bodies may use the test results to establish withdrawal allocations and tax bases. Well testers have a responsibility to provide com- plete, accurate data of the reservoir performance. Since the purpose of well testing is to gather information, well test equipment provides the ‘means to obtain essential data such as: 1. Pressures 2. Temperatures 3. Production Volumes @ 4, Gas, Oil and Water Rates 5. Samples of Produced Fluids Surface well test equipment provides well control, data measurement, well effluent processing, disposal and analysis. The exact combination of the components necessary to achieve these goals is dependent upon well conditions and test requirements. ‘The following page is a simplified schematic of surface equipment standard elements. Well production begins a controlled surface flow at the surface tree and concludes with disposal at the burners. Descriptions of the main individual pieces of equipment and their specific functions will follow in Section 2, Surface Well Testing Page 1-1abit WOuvuaas u¥ STNHWS ‘aasn waauocay sunivaaeaL ONY SuNSS 38a OWSHTEIM nam vaiens waisat LMOLRA va omva1ant aanivssaal nose alan 30LMO. shhanys 34049 angarn ana WoInaHo Anas sovuns 0193130 SNS AIRS Surface Equipment Package Page 1-7 Surface Well TestingSURFACE WELL TESTING COURSE e@ A variety of topics will be presented throughout the Surface Well Testing course. The course will cover the process by which a welt is flowed, controlled and monitored to gain insight to the resetvoit's capabilities. The class will cover the surface equipment used in the well testing process as well as the theoretical and practical principles on which the process works. The course seeks to combine learning with practical hands-on training. ‘The course’s manual is designed to be a study guide for learning many of the aspects of surface well testing. The Surface Well Testing manual consists of: Section Subject Page 1 Inuoduction 2 Surface Equipment 3 Surface Test Trees 21 Surface Safety Valves 2-13 Piping & Elastomers 2-21 ‘Choke Manifold 2-33 e Heaters 2-40 Separators 2-55 Disposal Equipment 2-86 3 Production Problems 4 Hydrocarbons 5 Data Recordings & Measurements Gas Flow Measurement Test Procedures Test Types Glossary Conversion Factors Dep ear. Rate Calculation Tables Surface Well Testing Page 1-3 aEUNITEST Surface Test Tree ‘The function of the UNITEST surface test tree is to control surface pressures during formation testing. The UNITEST is a component-style tree, allowing maximum versatility in arrangements of control assemblies. Another advantage of the design is to permit field personnel and customers to order only those components they need. Fluid can be pumped through UNITEST equipment for sub-surface pressure control. ‘Swabbing operations can also be done through this equipment. ‘Components include: Lift Nipple Bar Drop Sub Flow Tee Swivel Master Valve Access Valve Remote Controlled Safety Valve All UNITEST surface control subassemblies have a 4 3/8"-6 Stub Acme thread (male or fe- male) so interchangeability of components pre- sents no problem, ‘The flow tee and master valve are separate components; thus, a master valve can be run with or without a swivel, and master valves ccan be stacked in tandem. AU master valves are basically LO TORC plug valves. A remote controlled safety valve can be installed in place of or in tandem with the flow tee, and can provide a way to close in a well atthe surface from a remote location, UNITEST components can be provided for the standard service (S) applications (15,000 psi working pressure) and for sour service (SG) (10,000 psi WP). Litt Bar Drop Flow Nipple Device UNITEST Components Suryace Well Testing Page 2-1}—_ UFT NIPPLE BAR DROP SUB FLOW TEE MASTER VALVE, REMOTE CONTROL ‘SAFETY VALVE, FLOW LINE HYDRAULIC CONTROL UNE ‘20 SWIVEL MASTER VALVE ACCESS VALVE NIPPLE }-—_—— DILL PIPE Control Head and Component Descriptions cee eee ee ee lene nena ieininanan nines atatssiasasassinininintestastntntstt= ttt tsa tats] ‘The Lift Nipple, used instead of a pup joint, provides a latching point for tubing or drill pipe elevators. ‘The Bar Drop Device allows a bar to be dropped down the test string to operate a revers- ing valve without breaking any surface connec- tions. ‘The Flow Tee contains a side port that allows flow to exit from the surface control equipment. At the top it contains a plus which can be replaced with a check valve or can be completely removed if the tee is located below the bar drop device. The Double Ported Flow Tee is an optional flow tee with two 1.62 in. ID flow outlets. One of the outlets can be used for direct connection of a kill line. The Remote Controlled Safety Valve is used when the surface equipment is too high above the rig floar for the safe manual operation or when it is desireable to control a well from a remote location when testing. The valve is normally closed but can be opened with the application of fluid or gas pressure and will remain open as long as external pressure is maintained. Where high flow is expected the optional Double Ported Remote Controlled Safety Valve with a 1.62 in. ID flow is avail- able. ‘The Master Valve provides a means for surface closures and pressure control. The LO TORC plug valve design allows pressure control in harsh conditions. The master valve is de- signed to operate with string weight hanging through the valve. One quarter tum is all that is required to operate the valve. The Access Valve is used to introduce hydrate inhibitors into the flow stream to prevent freezing. Surface Well Testing Page 2-2Bar Drop Device Uft Nipple 3-7/8 in. 6 Stub Acme 3-7/8 in, 6 Stub Acme 3. Master Valve: -7/8 In. 6 Stub Acme ST Pressure Balanced Swivel 3-7/8 in. 6 Stub Acme oT Modular Compact Test Tree Surface Equipment Assembly Page 2-3 Surface Well TestingStiff Joint A stiff joint is a heavy walled joint of tubing that is placed in the upper section of the test string. This joint replaces thin wall tubing sections which run through the rotary table and below the surface test tree. These joints provide extra support, safety and stability to the control head if the elevators are removed. SPECIFICATIONS -Meets requirements of NACE MR-01-75. NOTE: Other sizes and configurations are available w meet most applications. Stiff Joint Surface Test Tree ‘The basic designed Surface Test Tree incor- porates four valves - waster, swab, kill, and. flowline (hydraulic actuator). ‘The assembly also has a swivel to-allow pipe rotation for manipulat- ing downhole tools without turning the test head. Er Stiff Joint Specifications A lifting sub is supplied with the tree to allow rig elevators to raise and lower the tee in the derrick. Some designs may incorporate a hydraulically actuated kill valve, lower master valve, and/or chemical injection sub. Two distinct styles of test trees exist: (1) component aud (2) solid block. Surface WellTesting Page 2-4UFT SUB SOLID BLOCK CONTROL HEAD CHECK VALVE ‘SURFACE CHEMICAL INJECTION VALVE FROM KILL LINE CONNECTION Surface Test Tree ats EMERGENCY SHUT DOWN ACTUATED WING VALVE HYORAULIC ACTUATOR ‘VALVE FLOWLINE D FLEXIBLE TEST LINE Lower MASTER VALVE STIFF JOINT AC TO STIFF JOINT ya hae CONNECTION Surface Well Testing Page 2-5SPECIFICATIONS (683.0020 683,00300 683.0500 Cameron Type FC ‘Cameron Type FC ‘Cameron Type FC 29/16 in 18K 31/16 in 10K 31/16 in 15K Service HS’ Hs! Bs" Size 2-9/16 in 3-1/16 in 3-1/16 in ‘Working 115,000 psi. 10,000 psi ‘15,000 psi Pressure End 5.75 in - 4 Stub Acme Box | 5.75 in - 4 Stub Acme Box | 5.75 in - 4 Stub Acme Box Connections Flanges +2-9/16 API 6 Bx 15K 3-1/16 API 6 Bx 15K 3-1/16 API 6 Bx 15K Studs A320 GRL7 A320 GRL7 4320 GR L7 NACE Class II NACE Class If NACE Class II el I Wing Tee WLead-filed target W/Lead-filled target W/Lead-filled target Cross Overs | 2-9/16 APL6 Bx x Weco | 3-1/16 APL6BxxWeco | 3-1/16 API6 Bx x Weco Fig 2202 Union Fig 1502 Union Fig 2202 Union One wing ‘One wing half, One wing half. half, one thread half ‘one thread half ‘one thread half e@ whbull plugs woul plugs whoull plugs Lint Eye 3 in Dia Hole x 1.5 thick x | 3 in Dia Hole x 1.5 thick x | 3 in Dia Hole x 1.5 thick x pin thread pin thread pin thread Lift Sub 61771021 617.7101 617.7101 Operating. -20°F Ambient temperature | -20°F Ambient temperature | -20°F Ambient temperature ‘Temperatures | 250°F Maximum fluid 250°F Maximum fluid 250°F Maximum fluid temperature temperature. temperature “Meets requirements of NACE MR.01-75. NOTE: Other sizes, configurations, and pressure ratings are available to meet most applications. Surface Test Tree Specifications Test tree flowheads are installed on the DST _They also provide an exit through a flow string to give a means of entry into the DST wing valve for the well stream fluids. Since tubing by: they are a complicated piece of equipment they should only be operated and maintained by LKill, circulating, or stimulation fluids ‘competent personnel. 2.Wireline or Coil Tubing ‘To operate the valves with the tree installed on e a floater, takes considerable skill and dexterity, ‘Surface Well Testing Page 2-6