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This list is of all known and predicted mesons. See list of particles for a more detailed list of particles found in particle physics. Mesons are unstable subatomic particles composed of one quark and one antiquark. They are part of the hadron particle family particles made of quarks. The other members of the hadron family are the baryons subatomic particles composed of three quarks. The main difference between mesons and baryons is that mesons have integer spin (thus are bosons) while baryons are fermions (half-integer spin). Because mesons are bosons, the Pauli exclusion principle does not apply to them. Because of this, they can act as force mediating particles on short distances, and thus play a part in processes such as the nuclear interaction. Since mesons are composed of quarks, they participate in both the weak and strong interactions. Mesons with net electric charge also participate in the electromagnetic interaction. They are classified according to their quark content, total angular momentum, parity, and various other properties such as C-parity and G-parity. While no meson is stable, those of lower mass are nonetheless more stable than the most massive mesons, and are easier to observe and study in particle accelerators or in cosmic ray experiments. They are also typically less massive than baryons, meaning that they are more easily produced in experiments, and will exhibit higher energy phenomena sooner than baryons would. For example, the charm quark was first seen in the J/Psi meson (J/) in 1974,[1][2] and the bottom quark in the upsilon meson ( ) in 1977.[3] Each meson has a corresponding antiparticle (antimeson) where quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks and vice-versa. For example, a positive pion (+) is made of one up quark and one down antiquark; and its corresponding antiparticle, the negative pion (), is made of one up antiquark and one down quark. Some experiments show the evidence of tetraquarks "exotic" mesons made of two quarks and two antiquark, but the particle physics community as a whole does not view their existence as likely, although still possible.[4]

Contents
[hide] 1 List of mesons 1.1 Pseudoscalar mesons 1.2 Vector mesons 1.3 Notes on neutral kaons 2 See also 3 References 3.1 Bibliography 4 External links

List of mesons
Main article: Meson These lists detail all known and predicted pseudoscalar (JP = 0) and vector (JP = 1) mesons. The symbols encountered in these lists are: I (isospin), J (total angular momentum), P (parity), C (C-parity), G (Gparity), u (up quark), d (down quark), s (strange quark), c (charm quark), b (bottom quark), Q (charge), B (baryon number), S (strangeness), C (charmness), and B (bottomness), as well as a wide array of subatomic particles (hover for name). The properties and quark content of the particles are given in the tables; for antiparticles, simply change quarks in antiquarks (and vice-versa), and Q, B, S, C, and B would be of opposite signs. Particles with next to their names have been predicted by the standard model but not yet observed. Values in red have not been firmly established by experiments, but are predicted by the quark model and are consistent with the measurements.

Pseudoscalar mesons
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List of mesons: Information from Answers.com Pseudoscalar mesons Particle Particle Antiparticle name symbol symbol Pion[5] Pion[6] Eta meson[7] + 0 Self Quark content ud
[a]

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Rest mass

(MeV/c2)

IG JPC

S C B'

Mean lifetime (s) (

0,139.570 18(35)

1 0 0 0 0 2.6033 0.0005 108 8.4 0.6 1017

[b]

0,134.976 6 0.000 6 1 0+ 0 0 0 0+ 0+ 0 0 0

Self

[a]

0,547.853 0.024

5.0 0.3 1019

Eta prime (958) meson[8] Charmed c(1S) eta [9] meson Bottom eta b(1S) meson
[10]

Self

[a]

0,957.66 0.24

0+ 0+ 0 0 0

3.2 0.2 1021

[b]

(0 +

Self

cc

2,980.3 1.2

0+ 0+ 0 0 0

2.5 0.3 1023

[b]

Se

Self

bb

9,300 40

0+ 0+ 0 0 0

Unknown

Se

Kaon[11]

K+

us

0,493.677 0.016

0 1 0 0 1.2380 0.0021 108

Kaon[12] K-Short
[13]

K0 KS

K0 Self

ds
[e]

0,497.614 0.024 0,497.614 0.024

0 1 0 0

[c]

[d] 1

0 (*) 0 0 8.953 0.005 1011

K-Long
[14]

KL

Self

[e]

0,497.614 0.024

[d] 1

0 (*) 0 0

5.116 0.020 108

D meson
[15] [16]

D+ D0 Ds B+ B0

D D0 Ds B B0

cd cu cs ub db

1,869.62 0.20 1,864.84 0.17 1,968.49 0.34 5,279.15 0.31 5,279.53 33

1 1

2 2

0 0 +1 0 1.040 0.007 1012 0 0 +1 0 4.101 0.015 1013 5.00 0.07 x 1013

Se Se Se Se Se

D meson strange D meson

[17] [18] [19]

0 0 +1 +1 0
1 1 2 2

B meson B meson Strange

0 0 0 +1 1.638 0.011 1012 0 0 0 +1 1.530 0.009 1012

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List of mesons: Information from Answers.com B meson

[20]

Page 3 of 4 5,366.3 0.6 6,276 4 0 0 1 0 +1 0 0 0 +1 +1 1.4700.027 1012 4.6 0.7 1013 Se Se

Bs Bc

Bs Bc

sb cb

Charmed B meson
[21]

[a] [b] [c]

^ Makeup inexact due to non-zero quark masses. ^ PDG reports the resonance width (). Here the conversion = is given instead.

^ Strong eigenstate. No definite lifetime (see kaon notes below) ^ The mass of the KL and KS are given as that of the K0. However, it is known that a difference between the masses of the KL and KS on the order of 2.2 1011 MeV/c2 exists.[14] [e] ^ Weak eigenstate. Makeup is missing small CPviolating term (see notes on neutral kaons below).
[d]

Vector mesons
Vector mesons Particle Particle Antiparticle Quark name symbol symbol content Charged rho + meson (770)
[22]

Rest mass (MeV/c2) 0,775.4 0.4

Commonly de IG JPC S C B' Mean lifetime (s) (>5% of dec 1+ 1 0 0 0 ~4.5 1024
[f][g]

(770)

ud

+ 0

Neutral rho 0 meson (770)

[22]

Self

0,775.49 0.34 1+ 1 0 0 0

~4.5 1024

[f][g]

+ + + + 0 + 0 +

Omega meson (782)

[23]

Self

0,782.65 0.12

0 0 0 7.75 0.07 10

23[f]

Phi meson (1020)

[24]

Self Self Self K K 0

ss cc bb us ds cd cu cs

1,019.445 0.020 0 3,096.916 0.011 0

J/Psi[25] Upsilon meson

[26]

J/ (1S) K + K 0

K+ + K KS + KL 1 0 0 0 1.55 0.01 10 ( + ) / (+ + See J/(1S) d [f] 1 0 0 0 7.1 0.2 1021 modes

22[f]

9,460.30 0.26 0 1 0 0 0 1.22 0.03 1020[f] 0,891.66 0.026 12 1 1 0 0 ~7.35 1020

[f][g]

See

(1S) d modes

Kaon[27] Kaon[27] D meson

[28] [29]

See K (892) modes

7.346 0.002 1020 See K (892) 0,896.00 0.025 12 1 1 0 0 [f] modes 2,010.27.62 0.17 12 1 0 +1 0 2,006.97 0.19 12 1 0 +1 0 2,112.3 0.5 0 1 +1 +1 0 6.9 1.9 >3.1 >3.4
[f] 1021

D + D (2010) (2010) D 0 D 0(2007) (2007) D

s

D 0 + + o D + + 0 D0 + 0 o D0 + D ++ D ++

D meson strange D meson

[30]

[f] 1022 [f] 1022

B meson http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-mesons 1/2/2010

List of mesons: Information from Answers.com

[31]

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1 1 2 2

B + B 0 B

B B 0 B

ub db sb

5,325.1 0.5 5,325.1 0.5 5,412.8 1.3

1 0 0 +1 1 0 0 +1

Unknown Unknown Unknown

B+ + B0 + B s + Unknow

B meson
[31]

Strange B meson
[32]

0 1 1 0 +1 0 1 0 +1 +1

Charmed B meson
[f] [g]

cb

Unknown

Unknown

^ PDG reports the resonance width (). Here the conversion = is given instead. ^ The exact value depends on the method used. See the given reference for detail.

Notes on neutral kaons

There are two complications with neutral kaons:[33] Due to neutral kaon mixing, the KS and KL are not eigenstates of strangeness. However, they are eigenstates of the weak force, which determines how they decay, so these are the particles with definite lifetime. The linear combinations given in the table for the KS and KL are not exactly correct, since there is a small correction due to CP violation. See CP violation in kaons. Note that these issues also exist in principle for other neutral flavored mesons; however, the weak eigenstates are considered separate particles only for kaons because of their dramatically different lifetimes.[33]

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