Evan Dipsiner ENC 1102 10-03-12

Annotated Bibliography Yu . Ivanova, R. I. Kuz'mina, K. E. Pankin, and S. N Shtykov, Comparison of Liquid Biofuels and Petroleum Fuels: Environmental Properties. Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, Vol 47. No 3. May-June, 2011. In this educational research article the researchers, chemists (Credit the authors with a more reliable description, i.e. chemists from the University of), and authors speak of alternative fuel sources and the potential safe replacements of fossil fuels. The main issue with using regular crude oil with a petroleum base is that it is not as environmentally safe as bio-fuels are. The reason being is the amount of Carbon Dioxide being released is not proportional to the amount of organisms that can synthesize the CO2 efficiently. Additionally, the amount of crude oils available are limited and will need to be replaced before there is a shortage of them. By switching from petroleum products to biofuels, the amount of resources available to provide efficient, reliable, and safe fuel sources will increase. This is critical in the explanation of my discussion of alternatives of petroleum fuel in the Chemical engineering field because fossil fuels are limited and by finding another resource to provide the same outcome would be revolutionary. The authors use date tables that represent the substance and its chemical relationship to the atmosphere, household, and other organisms. By observing Table 1 it is Observations make evident that the toxicity of other chemicals that are not biofuels are far more harmful than petroleum products. In order to replace petroleum these Researchers are looking into substances such as fats from animals and plants, and other lipids from oils such as cottonseed, solar oil and synthetic fats as replacements. If crude oil had the ability to be replaced by these biofuels there will be a drastically reducing

the amount of waste going into the air and water. The authors use logos in order to support their claims that by using safer resources the atmosphere would remain cleaner. Furthermore, the molecular weight of crude oils are far greater due to the amount of carbon dioxide to oxygen ratio than biofuels have which creates more harmful gases in the air when they combust. By switching to ethanol or methonal the amount of combustion could be increased by 2000mg/m^3 before it became as harmful as crude oils when they are combusted. The main argument is the toxicity of the biofuels versus petroleum products. Even though the biofuels are more environmentally friendly, they work under different conditions than normal fuels do. When the biofuels are ignited it is not the origin of the fuel it is how the fuel combusts under the chemical process that it undergoes. Therefore, by switching to biofuels and finding an efficient way to maintain the substance and combust it in a manner that is less harmful, biofuels will be the fuel of the future and surpass petroleum products.