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Introduction
Mark three non-collinear point P, Q and R on a paper. Join these pints in all
possible ways. The segments are PQ, QR and RP. A simple close curve formed by
these three segments is called a triangle. It is named in one of the following ways.
Triangle
A triangle is a polygon of three sides. In fact, it is the polygon with the least
number of sides. A triangle PQR consists of all the points on the line segment PQ,
QR and RP.
1. Sides: The three line segments, PQ, QR and RP that form the triangle PQ, are
called the sides of the triangle PQR.
2. Angles: A triangle has three angles. In figure 4-1, the three angles are
∠PQR, ∠QRP and ∠RPQ .
3. Parts of triangle: A triangle has six parts, namely, three sides, PQ, QR, and RP ,
and three angles ∠PQR, ∠QRP and ∠RPQ . These are also known as the elements
of a triangle.
Vertices of a Triangle
The point of intersection of the sides of a triangle is known as its vertex. In figure
4-1, the three vertices are P, Q and R. In a triangle, an angle is formed at the
vertex. Since it has three vertices, so three angles are formed. The word triangle =
tri + angle ‘tri’ means three. So, triangle means closed figure of straight lines
having three angles.
Classification of Triangles
1. Equilateral Triangles: A triangle with all sides equal to one another is called
an equilateral triangle.
Here, PQ = QR = RP
Here PQ = QR
3. Scalene Triangle: A triangle in which all the sides are of different lengths and
no two sides are equal, the triangle is called a scalene triangle.
Here PQ ≠ QR ≠ PR
1. Acute angled triangle. A triangle whose all angles are acute is called an
acute-angled triangle or simply an acute triangle.
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