2

TABLE OF CONTENTS: TABLE OF CONTENTS: TABLE OF CONTENTS: TABLE OF CONTENTS:

SERIAL SUBJECT CO-SUBJECT
PAGE
1. NUMBRER SYSTEM 3-4
WHAT IS DIGIT? 3
WHAT IS INTIGERS? 3
WHAT IS RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL NUMBER? 3
WHAT IS PRIME AND COMPOSITE NUMBER? 3
WHAT IS REAL NUMBER? 3
2. COMPLEX NUMBER 4-6
WHAT IS COMPLEX NUMBER? 4
PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX NUMBER. 4
PROVE THAT 2 IS IRRATIONAL. 5
ABSLUTE VALUE 6
3. INEQUALITIES 6-7
INEQUALITIES 6
INTERVAL 6

EQUATION AND IDENTITY AND THEIR DIFFERENCE 7
4. LINEAR EQUATION 7-9
WHAT IS LINEAR EQUATION? 8
EXERSIZES 8
5.
QUADRATIC EQUATION 9-14
QUADRATIC EQUATION 9
QUADRATIC FORMULA 9
DERIVATION OF QUADRATIC FORMULA 11
THE NATURE OF THE SOLUTION OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION 12
6. FUNCTION 14-17
EXERSIZES 14
EVEN FUNCTION 17
ODD FUNCTION 17
7. INDICES AND LOGARITHEM 17-24
8. NATURE OF SOLUTION LINEAR
EQUATION:
24-28
9. GUSSIAN LAW 29-31
10.
SERIES
32-47
ARITHMATIC PROGRESSION 32
GEOMATRIC PROGRESSION 32
11. EXTRA QUESTIONS 48-50

3

NUMBER SYSTEM: NUMBER SYSTEM: NUMBER SYSTEM: NUMBER SYSTEM:

Digit:
Digits are the integers 0 through 9 of which other number are comprised.
Integers:
The set of integer consists of natural number or positive integers, zero and the negative integers.
The set of integers is denoted by Z and defined as, Z={-.-2,-1,0,1,2,3}
*[set is expressed through second bracket]
Rational number:
A rational number is a number can be put in the form

, where p and q are integers and q is not equal

zero.
The set of rational number is denoted by Q and defined as Q= {

, p, q Z and q0}
Irrational number:
A rational number is a number can be put in the form

, where p and q are integers and q is not equal

zero.
The number which is not rational is called irrational number. The set of Irrational number is defined Q

For example: 2, 3, 5, etc.
Prime number:
A number greater than 1 which is not exactly divisible by any numbers except itself and unity is called a
Prime number.
For example: 2, 5, 13, 23, etc.
Composite number:
A number which is divisible by other numbers besides itself and unity is called a composite number.
Real number:
The collection of all the rational and irrational numbers is called the system of real numbers.
It is denoted by R and so R= {Q U Q

}
There are three kinds of rational fraction:

4
- If the upper digit is smaller than lower digit than proper fraction.
- If the upper digit is bigger than lower digit than improper fraction.
1 - than it will be Mix proper fraction.












Complex number:

Complex number:
The set of all complex number is denoted by C and is defined by C= {a+ib: a, bR and

=-1}, where a is
called the real part and b is called the imaginary part of complex number and is the imaginary unit.
Example:5+i6,3-4i,9+11i etc.
Properties of complex number:
The addition and subtraction of complex is again a complex number.
The multiplication and division of complex number is again a complex number.
*[only the term of conjugate complex multiplication of complex number is not a complex number]



REAL NUMBER
RATIONAL
NUMBER
IRRATIONAL
NUMBER
INTEGER RATIONAL
FRACTION
PROPER IMPROPER MIXED
POSITIVE NEGATIVE ZERO

5
EVALUATE

in form.
Solution,
=

=
*Prove that 2 is irraonal.
Proof:
Suppose, that 2 is a raonal number.
Then, 2=, where p and q are integers and q 0
Again, suppose that the rational number

is in its lowestb term.

*[lowest term: it is not possible to divide]
i.e.: p and q have no common factors, without 1.squaring both side of the above equation we get,
2=

Or,

=2

The term 2

represents an even integer, so

is an even integer, and hence p is an even

integer, say p=2r, where r is also an integer.
Replacing, p by 2r in the equation

=2

we get,
2

=2

Or, 4

=2

Or, 2

6
The term 2

repreesnts an even integer .so

is an even integer and hence q is an even integer, Thus

we have seen that both p and q are even integers. That is they have a common factor 2, which,
contradicts our assumption that p and q have no common factors. Hence it, follows that 2 is not a
rational number. Therefore, 2 is an irraonal number.
[Proved]
Absolute value:
The absolute value of a real number a is denoted by lal
and defined as,
a =
, 0
, 0
0, 0



Inequalities:

Inequalities:
A number a is greater than another numberb if (a-b) is positive which denoted by a>b
Again a is smaller than b when(a-b) is negative and we denote it by a<b.
The expressions a<b ,a>b ,ab ,ab are called inequalities.
*even number-2,4,6,8[E V E N]
*odd number-1,3,5,7,9[O D D]
Interval:
Open interval-(5, 6)-when the set is in first bracket.
Closed interval-[6, 7] when the set is in third
Open closed interval-(6, 9]-when first bracket and second third bracket
Closed open interval-[3, 2) when first third bracket and second first bracket


Interval inequality notation graph

(a,b) a<x<b

7
[a,b] axb 0 A b
0 a b



Interval inequality notation graph
[A,b) ax<b
(a,b] a<xb 0 a b
0 a b

Equation:
Any two algebraic expressions connected by the sign of equity(=) is called equation.
For Example: 9x+3=21, 3x=9 etc.
Identity:
When equity holds true whatever be the value of the variables, than it is called an identity.
Example:
1.

2.

=(a+b)(a-b)
*Give the difference between equation and identity.
Equation Identity
1) Any two algebraic expressions
connected by the sign of equity(=) is
called a equation.
1) When equity holds true whetever be the
value of the variables, then it is called an
identity.
2) Equity holds true in specific variables. 2) Equity holds true in specific variables.
3)Example:
9x+3=21
3x=9 etc
3)Example:

8
Linear equation:

Linear equation :( )
Expressions such as ax=b or ax b=o are called linear equations in x or equations of first degree of x.
The expression ax=0 is the standard form of linear equation x.
[Here x is a variable]
Example: 5x+14=0, 26x-11=0 etc.

8x 28x 3 8x 2x 6
8x

24x 28x 84 8x

6x 2x 12
8x

4x 84 8x

64x 96
8x

64x 8x

4x 96 84
60x 180
x 3
solve the equation,

solve,

0
,

0
x ab bc ca 0
x ab bc ca

9
Solve the linear equalities and draw the graph.

Solution,

:
: : }
Graph:

-2 13

*same number addition +subtraction=order no change
*same negative number multiplication+division=order change

: Quadratic equation:

Quadratic equation:
A quadratic equation in x is an equation that can be written in the standard form,

0
where a,b and c are real numbers with a0
Example:
2

5 9 0
5

3 0



10
Quadratic formula:
The solution of

0 with (a0) are given by the quadrac formula,

4
2

[*x ]
Solve,

3 9 0
Solution,

3 9 0. 1
, 1

0, ,
1
3
9
We know,

4
2

3 3

4.1. 9
2.1

3 9 36
2

3 45
2

3 5 9
2

3 35
2


Either, or,

3 35
2

3 35
2

Solve,

11
2

5 0
Solution,
2

5 0. 1
, 1

0, ,
2
1
5
We know,

4
2

1 1

4. 5.2
2.2

1 1 40
4

1 41
4



Either, or,

1 41
4

1 41
4


Derivation of quadratic formula:
We have,

2. .

12

2. .

Which is the required quadratic formula.

There are three kinds of root:
1. Real-the root where number is available.
2. Imaginary-where i is available
3. Repeated root-x =

The nature of the solution of a quadratic equation:
The nature of the solution of quadratic equation,

0, 0can bbe classified by the

discriminant

-4ac as follows:
1. If

-4ac>0, the equation has two distinct real solution.

2. If

-4ac<0, the equation has two distinct imaginary solution.

3. If

-4ac=0, the equation has one repeated real solution.

5

7 1 0
5

7 1 0 . 1
, 1

0, ,
5
7
1
Discriminant of (1) is,
= 7

4.1.5
= 49 20
= 29
= 29 0

4 29 0

13
.

6

11 15 0
6

11 15 0 . 1

, 1

0, ,
6
11
15
Discriminant of (1) is,
= 11

4.15.6
= 121 360
= 239
= 239 0

4 239 0
.

We know,

4
2

=

..
.

=

Describe the nature of the roots of the equation and then solve it.
13

7 1 0
13

7 1 0. 1

14

, 1

0, ,
13
7
1
Discriminant of (1) is,
= 7

4.13.1
= 49 52
= 3
= 3 0

4 3 0
.

We know,

4
2

=

.

=

.

Independent variable:
3x+9y=1
Or, 9y=1-3x
Or, y=

Here, x is independent and y is independent variable.



15
FUNCTION:

Function:
A function is a special type of relationship between a dependent and independent variable.
For example: father and son, office and employ
Domain and range:
13x+5y+7=0
Or, 5y=7-13x
Or, y=

Independent variable is domain so x is domain
Dependent variable is range so y is range.
Explicit function:
If a function expressed directly in terms of independent variable is called explicit function.
Example: 3x+9y+7=0, x+y=5 etc.
Implicit function:
If a function cannot expressed directly in terms of independent variable is called implicit function.
Example:

,log

If 5

Let,

,
.

1



16
,
5

9
5

9
1,
5

9
5

9
5

9
5

[Solve]

If

Let,

,
.

1
,

13
19

/

17
23


13
19

/

17
23

1,

17

/

437 323
299

Even function: Even function: Even function: Even function:
A function given by x is even if for each x the domain such that x -x
Example:
I. The function, (x)

is even
II. The function, (x)

is even
ODD function: ODD function: ODD function: ODD function:
A function given by (x) is odd if for each x the domain such that (-x) -(x)
Example:
I. The function, (x)

is odd.
II. The function, (x) sin is odd.

Exponential Function
The exponential function f with base a denoted by f(x) = a
x
; where a>0, a 0 and x is only real
number.
Example: 2
x
, 5
x-1
etc

Natural exponential function
The function f(x) = e
x
is called the natural exponential function where x is variable.
Example: e
5x
, e
3x+7
etc

18
Indices and Logarithm:

Problem: e
x
= 7
Solution: e
x
= 7
Taking ln both side we get
ln
(ex)
= ln(7)

or, xlne = ln (7)
or, x
*
1= ln 7
or, x= ln 7




NOTE:
lnx = p
or, x = e
p


lnx = -3
or x = e
-3


Problem: 5+2lnx = 4
Solution: 5+2lnx =4
2lnx = 4-5
2lnx = -1
lnx = -

x = e

x =

x =

Solve


19
Problem: e
2x
- 3e
x
+ 2 = 0
Solution: e
2x
- 3e
x
+ 2 = 0
(e
x
)
2
- 3e
x
+ 2 = 0
Let e
x
= p
p
2
- 3p + 2 = 0
p
2
- 2p p + 2 = 0
p(p-1) - 1(p-1) = 0
(p-2) (p-1) = 0
Either, or,
p-2= 0 p-1= 0
p=2 p= 1
e
x
= 2 e
x
= 1
x = ln2 x= ln1
x = ln2 x= 0


The required solution: x=0, ln2

Logarithmic Function
Logarithmic function:- for x 0 and a 1 the function given by f(x) = log
a
x
is called the
logarithmic function with base a.
Example: f(x) = log
2
x
is a logarithmic function with base 2






20
Properties of Logarithms
1. loga
1
= 0
2. loga
a
= 1
3. loga

= xloga
a
= x
4. loga
x
= loga
y
x = y
5. loga
x
= b x = a
b

6. log10
(MN)
= log10
M
+ log10
N

7.
log10
(M/N)
= log10
M
log10
N





Problem: 2
3X-2
= 3
2X+1

Solution: Taking logarithm on both sides we get
Log
2(3x-2)
= log
3(2x+1)

(3x-2)log
2 =
(2x+1)log
3

3xlog
2
2log
2
= 2xlog
3
+ log
3

3xlog
2
- 2xlog
3
= log
3
+ 2log
2
x(3log
2
2log
3
) = log
3
+ 2log
2

log
3
+ 2log
2

x =
3log
2
2log
3


log
3
+ log
2
2
=
log
2
3
log
3
2


log
3
+ log
4
=
log
8
+ log
9



21
log
(34)
=
Log
(8/9)

log
12
x =
log
(8/9)

This is the required solution.




Problem: Find the value of
/
.

3



/
. (

)
1/5
. (

)
1/7

= .
(

)
1/8
. (

)
1/5

/



/
.
/
.
/

= .

/
. y .
/

/

. y

= . y

/



/

= . y

/



/

= . y

/


=

. y


22
= 1 . y

= y
This required solution.


Problem: If log

(log + log y) then show that

= 23.

Here,
Log

(log + log y)


log

log
1/2

=
1/2

2
=xy

= xy

+2xy+y
2
= 25xy
x
2
+ y
2
= 23xy

= 23
[SOLVED]


Problem: If

then show that, a b = 1.

Here,

..

23

.
=

27

. 1 =

27

= 27

b-a = -1 [ Multiplying both side with -1]

a-b = 1

[Showed]



Problem: If log

( log a + log b) then shoe that, a = b

Here,
log

( log a + log b)
log

log ab

log

= log (ab)
1/2

= ab [ Squaring both side]

= ab

24

= 4ab

2 4

= 0

= 0

(a-b

= 0

a-b = 0

a = b
[Showed]


Find the value of ,
log
2
[log
2
{ log
3
(log
3

)}]
= log
2
[log
2
{ log
3
(

}]
= log
2
[log
2
{ log
3
(

)}]
= log
2
[ log
2
(log
3
9
)}]
= log
2
[log
2
( log
3
3

)}]
= log
2
[log
2
2
]
= log
2
1

= 0



If

= 0 and x+y 0 then shoe that log ( x+y) =

(logx + logy + log

3
)
Here,

= 0
(x+y

3xy (x+y) = 0

(x+y) { (x+y

3xy}


25
NATURE OF SOLUTION LINEAR EQUATION:
But, x+y 0
(x+y

= 3xy
(x+y) = (3xy

log (x+y) =

log (3xy)

( x+y) =

(logx + logy + log

3
)
[Showed]




System of equation:
ax + by + cz R
1
a
1
x+b
1
y+c
1
z R
2
a
2
x+b
2
y+c
2
z R
3
c
1
c
2
c
3
ORDER SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

The system of linear equation of 33 is given by:
Solution:
I. Unique solution
II. Infinite number of solution
III. No solution

Number of equation = number of variable = Unique solution
4x 9y = 7 (i)
7x + 5y = 6(ii)


26
Number of equation number of variable= Unique number of solution.
3x + 7y +9 = 0
9x + 4y + 6 = 0

No solution:
Problem: -x-2y = 3 ..(i) 2
-2x+4y = 1 .(ii) 1

x-2y = 3
x= 3+2y
Putting the value of x in the equation (ii) we get
-2 (3+2y) + 4y = 1
-6 - 4y + 4y = 1
0 = 7
So, the equation has no solution.

Describe the nature of solution of a system of liner equation.
2x+3y=1
3x-y = 4
Solve by:
i. Method of substitution.
ii. Method of elimination.
iii. Method of cross multiplication.


Method of Substitution:

2x + 3y = 1 .(i)
3x y = 4 (ii)

From the equation (ii), we get,

27
3x y = 4
- y = 4 3x
Y = 3x 4 ..(iii)
Putting the value of (iii) in equation (i), we get,
2x + 3 (3x 4) = 1
2x + 9x 12 = 1
11x = 13
x =

y = 3 .

4
=

4
=

Method of Elimination:
2x + 3y = 1 .(i)
3x y = 4 .(ii)
Multiplying (i) 1 and (ii) 3 and adding them, we get,
2x +3y = 1
9x 3y = 12
11x = 13
x =

Putting the value of x in equation (ii) we get,
3 .

y = 4

y =

4

28
y = -

Method of cross Multiplication
x + 3y 4 = 0 ..(i)
3x y 3 = 0 ..(ii)
By the law of cross multiplication, we can write

x =

y =

The required solution: x =

, y =

Problem: 3x 10y +5 = 0 ..(i)
2x 7y + 20 = 0 (ii)
Method of Substitution:
From the equation (i) we get
3x -10y + 5 = 0
3x = 10y -5
x =

..(iii)
Putting the value of (iii) in (ii), we get,
2 .

7y + 20 = 0

29

= 0
20y 10 -21y +60 = 0
- y 10 = -60
y + 10 = 60
y = 50


x =
.

= 165
The solution of the equation is ( x,y ) (165,50)

Method of Elimination:
3x 10y +5 = 0 .(i)
2x 7y + 20 = 0 .(ii)
Multiplying (ii) by 3 we get
6x 20y +10 = 0
6x 21y +60 = 0


(-) (+) (-)
Y 50 = 0
y = 50
Putting the value of y in equation (i) we get,
3x 10 . 50 + 5 = 0
3x = 500 5
x =

x = 165

30
GUSSIAN LAW:
The solution of the equation is ( x,y ) (165,50)



Method of cross Multiplication:
3x 10y +5 = 0 .(i)
2x 7y + 20 = 0 .(ii)

By the law of cross multiplication we get,

Either,

x =

x = 165
or,
-

=-

y = 50
The required solution is (x,y) : (165,50)

3x + 4y +5z = 7 R
1

9x + 5y + 4z = 5 R
2
7x + 8y + z = 16 R
3

c
1
c
2
c
3


Solve the following linear equation:

31
2x + 4y + z = - 4
2x 4y + 6z = 13
4x 2y + z = 6

2x + 4y + z = - 4
0 - 8y + 5z = 17 [R
2
= R
2
R
1
]
4x - 2y + z = 6

2x +4y +z = - 4
0 8y + 5z = 17
0 10y z = 14 [R
3
= R
3
2R
1
]


2x +4y +z = - 4 .(i)
0 8y + 5z = 17 .(ii)
0 0 58z = -58 ..(iii) [R
3
= 8R
3
10 R
2
]
From the equation (iii), we get
-58z = -58
z =

z = 1

Putting the value of z in equation (ii) , we get
-8y + 5 .1 = 17
-8y = 17 5
-8y = 12
y = -

Putting the value of y and z in equation (i) , we get
2x + 4

+ 1 = -4
2x 6 + 1 = -4
2x 5 = -4

32
x =

The required solution is (x,y,z) : (

, -

,1)
- x 2y + 3z = 9
-x 3y + 0 = - 4
2x 5y + 5z = 17

- x 2y + 3z = 9
0 + 5y 3z = -13 [R
2
= R
2
R
1
]
2x 5y + 5z = 17

- x 2y + 3z = 9
0 + 5y 3z = -13
0 9y + 8z = 26 [R
3
= R
3
+ 2R
1
]

- x 2y + 3z = 9 .(I)
0 + 5y 3z = -13 .(II)
0 0 + 13z = 13(III) [R
3
= 5R
3
+ 9 R
2
]

From the equation (iii) we get,

13z = 13
z = 1

Putting the value of z in equation (ii) we get,
5y 3 .1 = - 13
5y = - 13 + 3
y = -2

Putting the value of z , y in equation (i) we get,
- x 2 (-2) + 3 . 1 = 9
- x + 4 + 3 = 9

33
- x = 2
x = - 2
The required solution is (x , y , z) = (-2 , -2 , 1)
SERIES
Arithmatic progression:( ): :: : Arithmatic progression is a progression which is increasing or
decreasing by a common difference.
Example:
1+3+5+7+
d=3-1=2
Geometric progression( ) :geometric progression is a progression which is increasing or by a
common ratio.

Example:
1+3+9+27+
Arithmetic progression:
GT a + (n-1) d Common defense

a n

Fast term number of term

Sum =

{2a + (n-1) d}

1 + 2 + 3 + ..+ n =

1
2
+ 2
2
+ 3
2
+ .+ n
2
=

1
3
+ 2
3
+ 3
3
+ .+ n
3
= {

1
2
+ 3
2
+ 5
2
+ (2n -1)
2
= n
2




34
Geometric progression( ) :
GT = aq
n-1 Number of term



1st term Common ratio

Sum =

. q 1

=

, q 1

1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + ..


Sum =

, r 1

=

, r1
a = 1
st
term
r = common ratio

Find the value of the series

1 , -

=1 (

2
-

3
..

=

2
,

3


r = -

1

a = 1

1
st
term a-1

Common ratio =

1

r 1 we know

Sum =

35
=

Ans.


Problem: 8 , 42 , 4 to infinity

1
st
term a = 8

Common ratio r =

.

=

1 = r 1
we know ,
Sum =

[ Multiplying denominator and nominator by 2 1 ]
= 16 + 82
= 27.3137 Ans.
Problem: Find the sum of the series 72 , 70, 68 40

Here,
First term, a = 72
Common difference = 70 72
= -2
Let,
n
th
term be 40


36
We know,
n
th
term = a + (n 1) d
40 = 72 + (n 1) (-2)

40 = 72 2n +2

40 = 74 2n

2n = 74 40

2n = 34

n = 17
Sum =

{ 2a + (n -1) d }
=

{ 2. 72 + (17 1) (-2)}
=

{ 144 + 16 (-2)}
=

(144 32)
=

112
= 952

Problem: 21 + 15 + 9 + .+ (-93)

Here,
Frist term a = 21
Common difference d = 15 21
= - 6

Let,
n
th
term = a + (n-1) d
-93 = 21 + (n -1) (-6)

-93 = 21 6n + 6

- 93 = 27 6n

6n = 27 +93

6n = 120

37

n=

n = 20
Sum =

{ 2a + (n -1) d }
=

{ 2. 21 + (20 1) (-6)}
= 10 { 42 + 19 (-6)}
= 10 (42 144)
= 10 (-72)
= - 720 Ans.

Problem: 7 + 11 + 15 + .. sum up to 15 term the first term of a series in A.P is 17 ,
the last term 12

and the sum 25

, find the number of term and common difference.

Let,
The number of terms be n
And common difference be d

Here,
First term a = 17

n
th
term = - 12

Sum = 25

We know,
n
th
term = a + (n-1) d
- 12

= 17 + (n-1) d

-

= 17 + (n-1) d

(n-1) d = -

17

(n-1) d =

(n-1) d =-

..(i)
Again,

38
Sum =

{ 2a + (n -1) d }
25

{ 2 17 + (n-1) d}

{ 34 + (n-1) d}

34

[using equ .1]

407 = 37n

37n = 407

n =

n = 11
Putting the value of n in equation (i)
(n-1) d =

(11-1) d =

10 d =

d =

d =

Number of system = 11
And common difference =

39
Problem: 7 +11 + 15 + sum up to 15 term.
Here,
First term a = 7
Common difference d = 11 7
= 4
We know,
Sum =

{ 2a + (n -1) d }
=

{ 2 7 + (15 -1) 4 }
=

(14 + 14 4)
=

(14 + 56)
=

= 525 Ans.

G.P
GT aq
n-1

Sum:

: q 1

: q 1
Infinite: sum

,



Problem: The third term of a G. P

and 6
th
term is

find the 8
th
term.
Solution,

40
Let the 1
st
term of the G.P be a
And common ratio of the G.P be q
Third term = aq
3 1
= aq
2

A/Q aq
2
=

..(i)
Again,
6
th
term = aq
6 1
A/Q, aq
5
=

(ii)
Dividing equation (ii) by equal (i)
we get,

q
3
=

q
3
=

q
3
=

3


q =

Putting the value of q in equation (i) we get
a

2
=

a =

9

a = 6
8
th
term = aq
8 1

=aq
7

= 6

7


41

= 6

Ans.
Problem: The 4
th
term of a G.P is

and 7
th
term is -

find the 6
th
term.
Solution,
Let the 1
st
term of the G.P be a
And common ration of the G.P be q
4
th
term = aq
4 1
= aq
3

A/Q, aq
3
=

(i)
7
th
term is = aq
7 1

= aq
6

A/Q, aq
6
= -

(ii)
Dividing equation (ii) by equal (i)

q
3
= -

81

q
3
= -

q
3
= -

q =

3


q = -

Putting the value of q in equation (i) we get,
aq
3
=

42
a

3 =

a = -

- 27

a = -

6
th
term aq
6 1
= aq
5

= -

5

= -

Ans.
Problem: Find the sum up to n term of the series: 11 + 102 + 1003 + 10004 + .
Let,
Sum of the n
th
term be Sn
Sn = 11 + 102 + 1003 + 10004 + .to n term
= 10 + 1 + 100 +2 +1000 + 3 10000 + 4 + to n term
= 10 + 1 + 10
2
+ 2 + 10
3
+ 3 + 10
4
+ 4 + to n term
= ( 10 + 10
2
+ 10
3
+ ..... to n term) ( 1+ 2 +3 + 4 + to n term)
q 1

1
1

=

( 10

1 +

Ans.




43
Find term up to n term of the series: 8 + 88 + 888 + 8888 + ..
Let,
Sn be the sum of the n
th
term
Sn = 8 + 88 + 888 + 8888 + .n term
8(1 + 11 + 111 + 1111 + to n term)

(9 + 99 + 999 + 9999 + . to n term)

10 1 + 100 1 + 1000 1 + 10000 1 + to n term

10 1 + 10
2
1 + 10
3
1 + 10
4
1 + .. to n term

{ ( 10 + 10
2
+ 10
3
+ 10
4
+ .+ 10
n
) (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + . to n term)}

Sn =

(10
n
1) -

8 + 88 + 888 + 8888 + .to n term

(10
n
1) -

Find the 12
th
term of 2 , -2 , 6
Here,
a = 2
q =

= - 3

12
th
term = aq
12 1

= 2 ( - 3)
11

= 2 - (420 8883)

44
= -841.776692 Ans...




Find the sum up to n term of the series 0.5 +0.55+ 0.555+
Let
Sn be the sum of the series to n term
Sn = 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 + to n term
= 5(0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + to n teem)
=

(0.9 +0.99 + 0.999 + + to n term)

=

( 1 - .10 + 1 - .01 + 1 - .001 + .. to n term)

=

( 1 + 1 + 1 + to n term ) ( 0.10 + 0.01 + 0.001 )

=

{ n -

}
=

Sn =

The third term of a g.p is

and 6
th
term is

,find the 8
th
term.
Solution,
Let, the 1
st
term of the g.p be = a
And common ratio of the g.p be=q

45
3
rd
term=

According to question,

2
3

Again,
6
th
term=

According to question,

2
81

Dividing equation (2) by equation (1), we get,

2
81

2
3

2
81

2
3

1
3

1
3

Putting the value of q in equation (1), we get,
.
1
3

2
3

.
1
9

2
3


2
3

9
1

6
8
th
term

46
=

= 6.

= 6.

Find the sum up n term of the series:
11+102+1003+10004+..
Let, sum of the

term of the series be

11 102 1003 10004 ..

10 1 100 2 1000 3 10000 4 ..
10 1 10

2 10

3 10

4 ..
10 10

10

10

. . tonterm + (1+2+3+4. . tonterm

1010

1
10 1

1
2

10
9
10

1
1
2

Sum of the

term of the series:

0.777+0.77+0.7+
Let, sum of the

term of the series be

0.777 0.77 0.7

70.111 0.11 0.1 .

7
9
0.999 0.99 0.9 . .

7
9
1 0.001 1 .01 1 .1 . .

1 1 1 1 . . 0.001 0.01 0.1 .

47

7
9

1
1000
10

1
10 1

7
9

1
1000
10

1
9

7
9

7
9

1
9000
10

7
9

7
81000
10

1
A firm pays taka 4000 to its manager, the manager is given an increment of tk. 500 every year.
(1) Find the total salary paid to the manager in 10 years.
(2) Salary of the end of 10 years.

Here,
1
st
term, a =4000
Number of term, n=10
General termed=500
Total salary in ten years:

2
2 1

10
2
2.4000 10 1500

10
2
8000 4500
5 12500
62500
Salary of the end of ten years:
1
4000 10 1500
8500
A person has two parents, four grandparents, eight great grandparents etc.
Find the number of ancestors which a person has in the 12
th
generation back and total number of all
ancestors in those proceeding.

Here, number of parents of 1
st
, 2nd and 3
rd
generation are 2, 4, and 8 respectively.
1
st
term = 2
Common ratio,q =

2 1



48



12
th
generation,

=

= 2 2

= 2

= 4096
Total number of ancestors in their proceeding to 12
th
generation,

1
1


22

1
2 1

24096 1
2 1

2 4095
8190

EXTRA QUESTIONS:
1. The term

of p,p+d,p+2d,p+3d,..
Here,
a=p
d= p+d p
d=d.
We know,
n
th
term = a + (n-1) d
p+ 1d



2. If ,thanc

..

1


49

1


3. What is the

of 3+9+27+.to n term = ?
We know,

term =

Here,
a=3
q=

3 1

term=3.3

= 3

= 3

4. If

?
Given,

Ans.

5. How many neutral number lies between 25 to 59.
There are 8 neutral number lies between 25 to 59 they are:
29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59
6. How many root in a quadratic equation?
There are 2 root in a quadratic equation they are:
7. How many even prime in real number set?
There is one even prime in real number set and that is 2.

8. When the roots of Q.E become real and equal?
When

4 =0 than the roots of Q.E become real and equal.

50

9.

.
We know,

12 1
6

Here,n=20

2020 12.20 1
6

20 19 39
6

2470
10. General term of A.P and G.P.
General term of A.P:
1
General term of G.P:

THANK YOU