KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS

URINE

1. Color normal pale yellow

2. composition Na 0.6 g/day
K 2 /day
Urea 20- 30 g/day
Creatinine 1.2g /day
Uric acid 0.6 g/day
3. Volume 1- 2.5 L/day
4. Specific Gravity
1001- 1040
5. pH 4.5 -8.0
Average 6.5
1. microscopic examination normal 1-2 WBC

PRESENCE OF ANY GRANULAR CATS, GLUCOSE, RBC, ALBUMIN, and

KETONE is ABNORMAL

BLOOD

1. B. Urea – 20- 40 mg%

2. S. Creatinine 0.8- 1.2 mg%
3. S. K- 3.5- 5.1 mEq/L
4. S. Na+ 135-150 mEq/L
5. S. Ca+ 9- 11 mg%
6. S. Mg+ 1.5 – 2.5 mEq/L
7. S proteins total 6.4 – 8.5 gm%
Albumin 3-5 gm%
Globulin 2-3 gm%
8. S Cholesterol – 150- 240mg%
9. uric acid 2- 4 mg%

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Cortical nephrons constitute _____%of total nephrons

a) 55%
b) 65%
 c) 75%
d) 85%

2 One of the following doesn't constitute juxta glomerular apparatus

a) macula densa cells
b) Juxta glomerular cells
c) Lacis cells
d) Principal cells

3 Normal GFR is
a) 100 ml/min
b) 125 ml/min
c) 150 ml/min
d) 200 ml/min

4 Factors affecting GFR

a) Capillary permeability
b) Osmotic pressure gradient
c) Size of capillary bed
d) All of the above

5 One of the following decreases GFR

a) Increased blood flow
b) Hypoproteinemia
c) Increased size of capillary bed
d) Advancing age

6 Renal threshold of glucose is

a) 125 mg%
b) 150 mg%
c) 180 mg%
d) 250 mg5

7 Almost 100% glucose is actively reabsorbed through

 a) PCT
b) DCT
c) Collecting Duct
d) Loop of Henle

8 Loop of Henle handles all except

a) Na
b) K
c) Cl
d) Water

9 Following is false of potassium transport

a) Completely filtered
b) Reabsorbed as well as secreted
c) Reabsorption occurs in DCT
d) Secretion occurs in DCT

10 One of the following is actively secreted by renal tubules

a) Na
b) K
c) Cl
d) HCO3

11 HCO3 is reabsorbed mainly in

a) PCT
b) DCT
c) Loop of Henle
d) CD

12 Active reabsorption of glucose occurs in

a) PCT
b) Loop of Henle
c) DCT
d) CD
13 Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to
a) Water
b) Na
c) K
d) Cl

14 Urine acidification occurs in mainly in

a) PCT
b) Loop of Henle
c) DCT and CT
d) None of the above

15 Counter current mechanism consists of

a) PCT and DCT
b) Loop of Henle and vasa recta
c) PCT and Loop of Henle
d) DCT and CD

16 One of the following is false

a) H secreted that reacts with HCO3 is not excreted
b) H secreted is buffered by HPO4
c) No net secretion of H occurs
d) Major site for acidification is DCT

17 In primary respiratory acidosis

a) CO2 increases
b) HCO3 increases
c) H increases
d) O2 increases

18 All are causes of metabolic acidosis except

a) Diabetic ketoacidosis
b) Severe diarrhoea
c) Lactic acidosis
d) Hyperventilation
19 Respiratory acidosis occurs in
a) COPD
b) Hyperventilation
c) Anxiety
d) Starvation

20 Respiratory alkalosis is compensated by

a) Decreased HCO3 reabsorption
b) Increased renal tubules secretion of H
c) Hyperventilation
d) All of the above

21 In metabolic alkalosis there is

a) Increased HCO3
b) Increased CO2
c) Decreased CO2
d) Decreased HCO3

22 One of the following is false regarding loop of Henle

a) Ascending limb is diluting segment
b) Thin segment is impermeable to water
c) Thick segment is permeable to water
d) Descending limb is permeable to water

23 Tubular fluid flowing through Ascending limb of loop of Henle is

a) Hypoosmotic
b) Hyperosmotic
c) Isoosmotic
d) None

24 Concentrating segment is
a) ALH
b) DLH
c) CD
 d) PCT

25 Normal value of blood urea is

a) 5-10 mg%
b) 10-20 mg%
c) 20-40 mg%
d) 40-60 mg%