Engineering Steels:>

Fletcher Easysteel Page 15

Medium Tensile Steel:>

Medium Tensile Steel 1040/45
Product Shortname: MTI, MTM

Specifications: JIS G4051 S40C

JIS G4051 S45C BS EN8

Tolerances: CD Bar: H10

Typical Analysis:

C 0.40%

Mn 0.6/0.9%

Si 0.35% max.

S&P 0.050 max.

Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 600MPa

Yield approx 450MPa

Colour Code: Yellow Characteristics: AISI 1040/45 is a medium carbon medium tensile steel with improved strength over mild steel. Supplied
in black or cold drawn condition it is easily machineable and is generally used in the as supplied condition. It can be readily flame or induction hardened to approximately 58 Rockwell C.

Applications: All general engineering applications requiring a higher strength than mild steel such as shafts, axles, bolts, etc. Size Range:
Rounds (cold drawn) Imperial (inches)
1/4 7/16 5/8 5/16 9/16 3/8 1/2 7/8

Rounds (cold drawn) Metric (mm)

10 20 35 50 65 80 110 130 12 25 40 55 70 90 115 16 30 45 60 75 100 120

Rounds (Black) Metric (mm) 40 70 105 150 200 250 310 420 45 75 110 160 210 260 320 50 80 120 170 220 280 340 60 90 130 180 230 290 370 65 100 140 190 240 300 400

3/4 1 1/4 1 3/4 2 1/2 4

1 1 1/2 2 1/4 3 1/2

1 3/8 2 3

Before ordering black material, note comments on machining allowances (Refer to page 28). For tolerances refer to pages 97-102.

Fletcher Easysteel Page 16

Medium Tensile Steel:>

Medium Tensile Steel AISI 1040/45
Heat Treatment Procedures: AISI 1040 is available in either cold drawn or hot rolled condition. The cold finishing process of drawing does slightly improve the mechanical properties over those of a hot rolled bar. However, thermal treatments must be employed if higher mechanical properties are required. AISI 1040 is suitable for surface hardening by flame or induction methods. Hardness and tensile strength may also be further increased by conventional quenching and tempering though the results are somewhat sensitive to the materials section size (see tempering diagrams).
Thermal Process: Temperature Range: Remarks:
Cool slowly in furnace at not more than 65OC/hr. Air cool. Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil or water quenching. Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams). Tempering should be carried out immediately after quenching. The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section. Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the bar. Quench immediately into oil or water. Temper immediately at 150-200OC for maximum surface hardness. Surface hardness obtainable 56-60 HRC.

Annealing Normalising Hardening Tempering Flame/Induction

830-860OC 830-860OC 830-860OC 200-650OC 870-900OC

Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 Test specimen 14mm O quenched in oil from 860OC kp/mm2 Hardness, Brinell 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 103 1600 50 40 30 20 10 0 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 Test specimen 50mm O quenched in oil from 860OC kp/mm2 Hardness, Brinell 500 400 300 200 100 0 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0

% 80

500 400 300 200 100 0

% 80

50 40 30 20 10 0

600 660 400 200 0 40 20 0

600 660 400 200 0 40 20 0 100 700

Fletcher Easysteel Page 17

High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI 4140
Product Shortname: HTI, HTM, HTHX, HTGI, HTGM Rounds Supplied Black, Cold Drawn or Ground Specifications: AISI 4140
JIS G 4105 SCM440 EN19 42CrMo 4

Tolerances: CD Bar: H10

CG Bar: All sizes to H8

C 0.40% Mn 0.8% Cr 0.95% Mo 0.25%

Typical Analysis:

Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 850 - 1000MPa Colour Code: White

Yield approx 700 - 900MPa

Characteristics: AISI 4140 quality is supplied in the heat treated condition with an ultimate tensile strength in the range

850-1000MPa, although with further heat treatment tensile strengths of 1150MPa can be obtained on sections up to 100mm (4). In the as supplied, heat treated condition this grade is used for a wide range of shafting and high tensile applications, it possesses excellent toughness and is readily machineable. 4140 grade can also be nitrided to approximately 60 Rockwell C surface hardness or alternatively flame or induction hardened to approximately 58HRC surface hardness.

Applications: Medium to heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, rods, spindles, crow bars, nuts, etc. Size Range:
Rounds (cold drawn) Metric (mm)
10 65 12 70 16 75 20 80 25 90 30 100 35 40 45 50 60

Rounds (black) Metric (mm)

20 90 200 24 100 210 30 105 220 40 110 240 45 120 250 50 130 260 60 140 270 65 150 280 70 160 300 75 180 320 80 190

Ground Metric (mm)

20 75 25 80 30 90 35 100 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

See over page for Hexagon and imperial sizes and ranges.

Fletcher Easysteel Page 18

High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI 4140
Hexagon (cold drawn & HT) Imperial (inches)
5/8 AF 7/8 AF 3/4 AF

1 AF

1 1/8 AF

1 1/4 AF

1 1/2 AF

1 3/4 AF

2 AF

Rounds (cold drawn) Imperial (inches)

3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8

1 4

1 1/8

1 1/4

1 1/2

1 3/4

2 1/4

2 1/2

Ground Imperial (inches)

1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8

1 3

1 1/8 3 1/2

1 1/4 4

1 1/2

1 3/4

1 3/8

2 1/4

2 1/2

Heat Treatment Procedures: Although AISI 4140 is supplied in the already heat treated condition at a tensile strength of 850-1000MPa, there will inevitably be certain applications where a higher strength is required or where a higher surface hardness is needed to withstand abrasion. The following recommendations are intended as a guide to further thermal treatments. Note: Before any further through hardening treatments are carried out the material should first be annealed.
Thermal Process:
Annealing Normalising Hardening Tempering Flame/Induction Hardening 850-880OC 850-880OC 850-880OC 200-650OC 870-900OC

Remarks: Temperature Range:

Cool slowly in furnace at not more than 65OC/hr. Air cool. Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil or water quenching. Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams). Tempering should be carried out immediately after quenching. The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section. Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the bar. Quench immediately into oil or water. Temper immediately at 150-200OC for maximum surface hardness obtainable 54-60 HRC.

Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 130 2000 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 600 400 200 0 Test specimen 35mm O quenched in oil from 860OC 200 180 kp/mm2 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0 100 80 60 40 20 0

Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 Test specimen 100mm O quenched in oil from 860OC 130 2000 200 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 600 400 200 0 180 kp/mm2 100 80 60 40 20 0 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0

% 80 60 40 20 0 100 700

% 80 60 40 20 0 100 700

Fletcher Easysteel Page 19

High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI 4340
Product Shortname: HTI, HTM, HTGI, HTGM Rounds Supplied Black and Centreless Ground Specifications: AISI 4340
JIS G 4103 SNCM439 EN24 40CrNiMo6

Tolerances: CG Bar: All sizes to H8 Typical Analysis:

C 0.4% Mn 0.7% Ni 1.85% Cr 0.8% Mo 0.25%

Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 950 - 1100MPa

Yield approx 680 - 750MPa

Colour Code: Black Characteristics: AISI 4340 is supplied in the heat treated condition with a tensile strength in the range 950-1100MPa.
This grade has a high hardenability enabling it to be used for high tensile applications in large sections. AISI 4340 can be flame or induction hardened to produce a surface hardness of approximately 58 HRC.

Applications: High strength machine parts, collets, spindles, high tensile bolts and studs, gears, pinions, axle shafts, tappets, crankshafts, connecting rods, arbors, etc. Centreless Ground can be used where tight tolerances, e.g. bearing fits, are required whilst at the same time having the high tensile strength. Size Range:
Rounds (black) Metric (mm)
25 75 160 30 80 180 35 90 200 40 100 210 45 105 220 50 110 250 55 120 280 60 130 300 65 140 320 70 150

Rounds (centreless ground) Metric (mm)

20 35 40 50 60 80 100

Rounds (centreless ground) Imperial (inches) 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 3

Before ordering black material please note comments on machining allowances. (Refer page 28.)

Fletcher Easysteel Page 20

High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI 4340
Heat Treatment Procedures: As with AISI 4140, AISI 4340 is also supplied in the heat treated condition but to the higher strength level of 950-1100MPa. If higher tensile strengths are required, or if a higher level of surface hardness is desirable, this can be achieved by the thermal treatments outlined below. Note: Before any further through hardening treatments are carried out, the material should first be annealed.
Thermal Process: Temperature Range:
820-860 C 820-860OC 820-860OC
O

Remarks:
Cool slowly in furnace at not more than 65OC/hr. Air cool. Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil quenching. Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams). Tempering should be carried out immediately after quenching. The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section. Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the bar. Quench immediately into oil. Temper immediately at 150-200OC. Surface hardness obtainable 56-60 HRC.

Annealing Normalising Hardening Tempering Flame/Induction

200-650OC 850-880OC

Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 Test specimen 35mm O quenched in oil from 860OC 130 2000 200 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 600 400 200 0 180 kp/mm2 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0 100 80 60 40 20 0

Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2 Test specimen 100mm O quenched in oil from 860OC 130 2000 200 115 1800 103 1600 90 1400 78 1200 65 1000 52 39 26 13 0 800 600 400 200 0 180 kp/mm2 100 80 60 40 20 0 160 140 120 100 200 300 400 500 600 Tempering Temperature in OC 80 60 40 20 0

% 80 60 40 20 0 100 700

% 80 60 40 20 0 100 700

Fletcher Easysteel Page 21

High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel AISI P20
Product Shortname: MOLD, MLDF (Flat) Supplied Hardened, Tempered and Stress Relieved Supplied Black or Premachined Flats, Squares and Rounds Specifications: AISI P20
DIN 1.2311/1.2738

Typical Analysis:

C 0.40%

Mn 1.5%

Cr 1.9%

Mo 0.2%

Ni (2738) 1.0%

Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 950-1100MPa Colour Code: 2311 Red

2312 Red/White 2738 Red/Yellow

Characteristics: Although predominantly used in tooling applications in the plastic mould industry, these steels are also

suited for use in applications where a high tensile strength is the prime requirement. These steels are supplied in the hardened and tempered condition with a tensile strength of 950-1100MPa. Further heat-treatment can produce tensile strength of 1400MPa in sections up to 100mm (4) and 1200MPa in sections as large as 200mm (8). In the as-supplied heat-treated condition this grade possesses excellent toughness and endurance strength and is therefore also ideally suited for high tensile applications such as heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, etc. It may be nitrided to produce a surface hardness of 60 Rockwell C and flame or induction hardened to 58 Rockwell C.

Applications: High tensile applications such as heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, etc. Size Range:
Rounds - Metric (mm)
16 140 25 355 32 443 45 50 65 80 90 100 110

Flats (mm)
25 35 45 50 70 75 80 100 130 150 200

Metric - Flats (mm) Grade 2311, 2312 and Grade 2738

We can cross cut to your specific requirements. 2311 is also available in a free machining grade, 2312 (P20+S) which is available in a range of flats.

Fletcher Easysteel Page 22

High Tensile Steel:>

High Tensile Steel DIN 1.2767
Product Shortname: MLDH, MHTF (Flat) Rounds and Flats supplied Annealed Specifications: En30B types Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 770-930MPa Typical Analysis:
C 0.45% Cr 1.4% Mo 0.3% Ni 4.0%

Colour Code: Grey/Purple Characteristics: DIN 2767 is supplied in the annealed condition, but is capable of being hardened to a tensile strength
in excess of 1500MPa and is therefore ideal for applications where ultra high tensile strengths are required. The chemical make-up of this steel enables it to be air hardened or vacuum hardened with a minimum of distortion. DIN 2767 also displays excellent polishability and high toughness and can be successfully carburised.

Applications: After heat treatment this grade is used for applications involving high tensile strengths in conjunction with extremely good toughness used where the strength of 4340 is not sufficient, such as shafts, axles, gears, etc. Can also be used for gears requiring shock resistance. Size Range:
Rounds - Metric (mm)
16 20.5 25 30 35.8 40 45.8 50 75 100 111.5

Flats (mm)
20 25 40 50 60 80 110

We can cross cut to your specific requirements.

Heat Treatment Procedures:

Hot Forming:
Hot forming OC
1050-850

Cooling
slow, e.g. in furnace

Heat Treatment:
Soft annealing OC
610-650

Cooling
furnace

Hardness HB
max. 260

Hardening from OC
840-870 Tempering OC HRC

in

Hardness after quenching HRC

oil, air or hot bath 56 180-220OC 100 200 300 400 500 600 56 54 50 46 42 38

Fletcher Easysteel Page 23

Case Hardening Steel:>

Carburising Steel En 36A, En 39B
Product Shortname: CASE Products supplied Annealed
Specifications: En 36A - AISI 3310 En 39B - AISI 9310 - BS665 A12 - BS835 M15 - JIS 94102 SNCM220 - JIS 94102 SNCM815

Typical Analysis:
En 36A En 39B

C 0.15% C 0.15%

Mn 0.5% Mn 0.5%

Si 0.2% Si 0.2%

Ni 3.25%, Ni 4.2%

Cr 0.85% Cr 0.85%

Mo 0.2%

Colour Code: En 36A - Yellow/Brown

En 39B - Orange/Brown

Characteristics: Case hardening steels with high core strengths. En 39B has the higher core strength and toughness after
heat treatment. In addition to case hardening both grades are also used in the through hardened condition for high tensile applications. Supplied in the annealed state, approx 269 HB.

Applications: Components requiring good wear resistance and a tough core, i.e. carburised splined shafts, piston pins, camshafts, guide pins. Size Range:
EN 36A Rounds - Metric (mm)
22 140 25 150 33 170 40 180 50 200 55 210 75 260 90 105 120

Rounds - Metric (mm)

25 90 33 105 40 120 45 140 50 210 55 60 70 75 80

Fletcher Easysteel Service Centres have the ability to cut to your specific requirements.

Fletcher Easysteel Page 24

Case Hardening Steel:>

Carburising Steel En 36A, En 39B
Annealing 820-860C Carburising 880-930C

Thermal Process:

Temperature Range:

Remarks:
For 1 hour per 25mm of section, slow furnace cool at no more than 65OC/hour.

The following table indicates approximate case depths achievable: Time in hours at the stated carburising temperature to produce the given case-depth

Case Depth (inches)

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

880OC Solid
1.5 2.4 6.0 10.7 24.0 43.0 67.0

900OC Gas
0.65 2.0 4.5 8.0 18.0 32.0 50.0

925OC Gas
0.45 1.5 3.2 5.25 12.0 21.0 33.0

Solid
1.2 2.1 4.4 7.8 17.6 31.2 52.0

Salt
0.6 1.8 4.0 7.2 16.0 -

Solid
0.8 1.7 2.7 4.8 10.8 19.2 30.0

Gas
0.35 1.0 2.25 4.0 9.0 16.0 25.0

Post Carburising Treatments:

Treatment A
(Direct oil quench) Oil quench direct from carburising temperature and temper at 200OC for 1 hour per 25mm of section.

Treatment B

(For maximum dimensional stability)

Treatment C
(Single refine) Air cool from carburising temperature. Reheat to 850-880OC and oil quench. Temper at 200OC for 1 hour per 25mm of section.

Air cool direct from carburising temperature and temper at 200OC for 1 hour per 25mm of section.

Note: For most applications treatment C would be the recommended procedure.

Typical Results: Case hardness up to 64 HRC. Core strength up to 1300MPa tensile.

Fletcher Easysteel Page 25

Phosphor Bronze:>
Phosphor Bronze LG2

Product Shortname: BZHB, BZR Specifications: BS 1400 LG2

SAE 40 JIS H5111-BC6 DIN 1705-RG5 AS 1565 83600 ASTM A505 & B271-83600 ISO 1338-CuPb5Sn52n5 Zn 5% Pb 5.0% P 0.05%

Typical Analysis:

Cu 85%

Sn 5%

general resistance to pick up or sticking with ferrous material in slow or medium friction applications. Its excellent machineability, and freedom from gas and porosity enable complicated parts to be made. xcellent resistance to general corrosion. E

Characteristics: Phosphor bronze LG2 (leaded gunmetal) is the common general purpose bearing grade particularly for

Applications: Bushes and bearings in equipment, irrigation, bearing rings, hydraulic control equipment, h ydraulic ram components, crank gears, valve seats, wear rings. Size Range: All standard sizes in round (solids) from 25.5mm - 101mm
A ll standard sizes in cored hollow bar from 1 x 1/2 to 4 x 3.5 (Other sizes on application)

Typical Mechanical Properties

UTS Centrifugally Cast Continuous Cast
270Mpa 300Mpa

Yield
120Mpa 120Mpa

Elongation
20% 20%

Hardness
75BHN 75BHN

Welding: Suitable for being joined by soldering and brazing. Oxyacetylene welding not recommended.

Fletcher Easysteel Page 26

Engineering Steels
Dia. INCHES 1/4 3/8 5/16 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 9/16 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 3/8 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4 METRIC 10 12 16 20 22 24 25 30 33 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 90 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 280 290 300 310 320 340 370 400 420 MEDIUM TENSILE 1040 BLK 1040 CD BLK ` 4140 CD CG BLK 4340 CG CASE EN36A/EN39B

Engineering Steels:>
Forms of Supply & Machining Allowances
Our suppliers endeavour to meet the requirements of the market at all times. Apart from the black condition they can offer tool steels in the premachined condition, which presents economic advantage in many cases. The production programmes are subdivided into the following product groups: black condition premachined tool steels precision-machined tool steels Current market analysis guarantees the consumer optimum stock in all common steel grades and sizes, annealed or heattreated with the necessary working strength or hardness. The machined bars offer the customer the following advantages: no loading and soiling of the machines by rough machining flexible and improved time schedule ready-made for further processing, consequently shortening of tool production time significant reduction of the manufacturing costs indirect extension of capacity without further investment allocation of preliminary work to the tool steel supplier, thus freeing the toolmakers for other skilled work

Black condition

Material is produced under consideration of the common machining allowances indicated in DIN 17350, part 10 (draft 6/83). When manufacturing tools sufficient allowance must be made for machining to remove scale which originated during forging, rolling and annealing as well as decarburization and sometimes surface imperfections.

Premachined Tool Steels

Premachined tool steels offer to the user a smooth surface with machining allowances already strongly narrowed down. The advantages of a premachined surface can be seen from the diagram shown on page 96. Depending on size 7 to 10% of the weight can be saved.

Basic sizes and pertinent largest finished sizes for rolled or forged round, square, hexagonal and octagonal bars.
Basic Size Thickness DR* 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 22 25 30 35 40 Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 8 10 12 12.5 13.5 15.5 17.5 19.5 22.5 27 32 36.5 Basic Size Thickness DR* 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 100 110 Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 41.5 46 51 55.5 60.5 65 70 75 80 84 94 103 Basic Size Thickness DR* 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 113 123 132 142 151 161 170 180 189 199 209 218 Basic Size Thickness DR* 240 250 260 300 350 400 450 500 600 Largest Finished Size Thickness DR* 228 237 247 285 333 380 428 476 571