PARENTAL UPBRINGING: ITS RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

______________________

An Action Research

Presented to

The Faculty of the Teacher Education Department BUENAVISTA COMMUNITY COLLEGE BUENAVISTA, BOHOL ______________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor in Elementary Education by:

KAREN ALEMANIA CHERRYLYN DUAVIS IMEE MEMBREVE

MARCH 2011

APPROVAL SHEET

Action Research of: KAREN ALEMANIA, CHERRYLYN L. DUAVIS and IMEE C. MEMBREVE Title: PARENTAL UPBRINGING: ITS RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL: RESEARCH COMMITTEE

RENA DUALLO, Ph.D. E. M. Adviser JOEFAITH DEGAMO Statistician LOURDES BOLO, Ph.D. E. M. Editor, Dean of Education

_____________ Date _____________ Date _____________ Date

APPROVED:

RENA R.DUALLO, Ph. D. E. M.

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CERTIFICATION OF ACTION RESEARCH ACCEPTABILITY

This Action Research entitled PARENTAL UPBRINGING: ITS RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, prepared and submitted by ALEMANIA, KAREN P., CHERRYLYN L. DUAVIS and IMEE C. MEMBREVE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in Elementary Education is hereby accepted. RENA R. DUALLO, Ph. D. E. M. Adviser Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement6s for graduation of the degree of Bachelor in Elementary Education ( BEEd).

Oral examination passed with a rating of _________

LOURDES BOLO, Ph. D. E. M. Director of Instruction Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with the degree of Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEEd).

Rena R, Duallo, Ph. D. E. M. College President Recorded: Engr. CHONA C. LAMBOJON Registrar

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express and extend their heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to those who had extended their immeasurable and unselfish support and assistance for the realization of this study.

Former Municipal Mayor, Hon. Leandro T. Tirol, for establishing a tertiary level of education for the poor but deserving students;

Hon. Ronald Lowell G. Tirol, Municipal Mayor of Buenavista, for his assistance and encouragement;

Vice Mayor Atty. Joseph Randy Torregosa and Kag. Atty. Jonel Torregosa, Chairman of Education, for providing the needed facilities and financial stuff;

Former Municipal Vice Mayor, Engr. Apolonio B. Aparece, for his active support and endownment to the needs of the school;

Dr. Rena R. Duallo, Administrator of Buenavista Community College and the researchers adviser for her encouragement and supervision throughout the completion of the study;

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Dr. Lourdes A. Bolo, the Dean of the Teacher Education Department, the researchers editor, for her time and effort in making essential corrections and improvement in writing this study;

Mr. Joe Faith Degamo, the researchers statistician, for his time and services in editing, computing and improving the statistical interpretation and treatment of data;

Mr. Paul Torregosa, the School Principal of Cangawa Elementary School, Cangawa, Buenavista, Bohol, for his generosity in allowing the researchers to conduct and distribute the questionnaire to the respondents;

Mr. Joneses Lambojon, the adviser of Grade V pupils of Cangawa Elementary School, for providing the grades of the respondents;

Ms. Wilvia L. Manatad, BCC Librarian, for allowing them to use the learning resources necessary for their research work;

For the researchers beloved parents and guardians, who gave them the inspiration, unending love, encouragement and support;

The researchers brothers and sisters, for their inspiring love and encouragement; All their respondents, for their participation and cooperation in the study by answering the questionnaire;

Mr. Cyril Duavis, the researchers encoder whose expertise improved this study;

To all their friends and classmates who in one way or another rendered assistance in the realization of this study;

Most of all, the Almighty Father, the Master and Great Provider, for His divine guidance and unconditional love, which gave the researchers the strength and confidence that made this endeavor a reality.

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DEDICATION

To Our Heavenly Father, the Center of this Work

Our Family Parents: Mr. & Mrs. Crismelito Alemania Jr. Brother: Crismelito Jr. Sisters: Christine, Catherine, Crisale Parents: Mr. & Mrs. Anecito Membreve Sisters: Maria Luz, Marianie, Sheila Mae Brothers: Ryan and Marjun Parents: Mr. and Mrs. Edmundo Duavis Brothers: Michael, Arnel, Cyril Guardians: Mr. and Mrs. Rafael Bayal

Our relatives and friends, this small Piece of Accomplishment is Affectionately Dedicated to you.

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ABSTRACT

Alemania, Karen P., Duavis, Cherrylyn L., Membreve, Imee C., Buenavista Community College (BCC), Buenavista, Bohol. PARENTAL

UPBRINGING: ITS RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE.

Adviser: RENA R. DUALLO, Ph. D. E. M.

This study aimed to determine the parental upbringing of Grade V pupils in Cangawa Elementary School, Buenavista, Bohol, S.Y. 2009 2010 and its relation to academic performance. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions: (1) What is the profile of the respondents parents in terms of: age, occupation, educational attainment and family monthly income? (2) To what extent are the practices employed by the parents in the upbringing of their children in terms of: guidance, discipline and spirituality? (3) Is there a significant relationship between the parental upbringing of Grade V pupils and their academic performance?

The study was conducted in Cangawa Elementary School, Buenavista, Bohol with the 31 Grade V pupils as the respondents of the study. The questionnaire technique was employed by the researchers in gathering the data with the assistance of the adviser. The data gathered were computed by the use

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of simple percentage, weighted mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Test. It was found out that there was a high significant relationship between parental upbringing and academic performance because the result of parental upbringing and average grade of pupils were parallel.

Based on the findings, the researchers came up with several conclusions. Generally, the fathers were within the age bracket of 44-46 years old. And the mothers were within the age bracket of 47 49 years old. Furthermore, the common occupation of the fathers was farming and the mothers was housekeeping. The educational attainment of most fathers and mothers was in elementary level and the average family monthly income was within the bracket of 3, 000-5, 999. Parental upbringing in terms of guidance, discipline and spirituality was very good. There was a high significant relationship between parental upbringing of Grade V pupils and their academic performance. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected.

Since guidance is a very heavy task, parents should let their children experience life on their own because it will serve as learning vehicle to prepare them to cope with future trials and struggles. Hence, in performing scholastic assignment and projects, they must only act as supporters and teachers, not doers of the assigned tasks. In disciplining the child, parents must give punishment of the offense committed and should remember that discipline is

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teaching self - discipline not self depreciation. In teaching spiritual values, parents should be models to their children in going to church and attending religious activities.

Since, parental upbringing needs time and understanding, parents must be patient, loving all through out their childrens lives.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TITLE PAGE ......I APPROVAL SHEET....II CERTIFICATION OF ACTION RESEARCH ACCEPTABILITY.III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTIV DEDICATION.VII ABSTRACT........................................................................................................VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS....XI LIST OF TABLES.XIII LIST OF FIGURES..XIV

CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction ...1 Theoretical Background...2 The Problem.10 Statement of the Problem.10 Hypothesis...11 Significance of the Study...11 Scope and Limitations13 Research Methodology..14

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Research Environment and Subject14 Research Instrument..14 Gathering of Data...15 Data Analysis..15 Statistical Treatment..16 Operational Definition of Terms19 II. III. PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS20 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS31 Summary..33 Conclusions.....34 Recommendations.....35 BIBLIOGRAPHY..36 APPENDICES A. B. C. D. Letter request of Permission from the Dean..39 Letter request from the School Head...40 Questionnaire..41 Average Academic Performance of Grade V Pupils of Cangawa Elementary School, Buenavista, Bohol.45 E. Transmutation.46

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F. G. H.

Computation of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Test...47 Numerical and Descriptive Ratings.50 Total Average and Its Descriptive Meaning...51

CURRICULUM VITAE LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE

1. Age of Parents21 2. Occupation of Fathers22 3. Occupation of Mothers..23 4. Educational Attainment of Parents..24 5. Monthly Income of the Family..24 6. Guidance Practices of Parents.26 7. Disciplinary Practices of Parents.28 8. Spirituality Practices of Parents29 9. Relationship Between Parental Upbringing and Academic Performance30

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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. Theoretical Framework of the study and Conceptual Framework ..8 Page

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CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction Rationale The family is the smallest social institution with the unique function on producing and rearing the young. It is the basic unit of Philippine society and the educational system where the child begins to learn ABC. The family is also the basic agent of socialization because it is where the individual develops values, behaviors, and ways of life through interaction with members of the family (Vega 2004).

However, being a parent is one of the most challenging but rewarding job anyone could ever adopt. It is the longest task and responsibility that an individual will ever perform. Parenting is an active process that demands that individuals use their skills and knowledge, plan, give birth, raise and provide for children. The parenting process includes protecting, nourishing, and guiding the child. It involves a series of interaction between the parent and the child through the life span (Prof Ajith DSouza et. al., http//www.yahoo.com).

Parents have a vital role in the global development processes of their child and also more importantly one of the most common factors in the childs life. They play a primary role in the upbringing, protection and development of their children (http//www.yahoo.com).

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As cited by Moulana Moosa Ahmad Olgar, the foremost desire of parents after having children is to prepare them for a bright and successful future through education. Thus, every parent hopes and wishes that their children be pious with excellent character but this can only be achieved if the correct method towards this goal is adopted and the right environment created from the very beginning.

School, as the second home of the child is a place for the contemplation of reality. There are teachers who facilitate learning, who teach children and youth certain types of acceptable behavior and see to it that children develop in all aspects: physically, emotionally, socially and academically.

It is on these premises that the researchers would like to conduct a study of the parental upbringing of children in relation to their academic performance.

Theoretical Background There is no amount of success that can compensate for the failure at home. (McKay, 1980).

Legal Bases: Article 220 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Decree 603, stated the following rights and duties of parents to their children:

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1. To keep in their company, to support, educate and instruct them by right perception and good example and to provide for their upbringing in keeping their means. 2. To give them love and affection, advice and council companionship and understanding. 3. To provide them with moral and spiritual guidance inculcate in them honesty, integrity, self-discipline, self-reliance, industry and thrift, and simulate their interest in civic affairs. 4. To enhance, protect and maintain the physical and mental health at all time. 5. To furnish them with good and wholesome educational materials, supervise their activities, reaction and association with others, protect them from bad company and prevent them from acquiring habits detrimental to their health, studies and morals. 6. To present them in all matters affecting their interest. 7. To demand from them respect and obedience. 8. To impose discipline on them as may be required under the circumstances. Educational Act of the Philippines, enumerated the rights and duties of parents as follows: Article 43. The parents shall have the right to the company of their children and in relation to all persons or institution dealing with the childrens

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development. Their primary right and obligation is to provide for the upbringing of their children. Article 45. Parents have the right to discipline the child as may be necessary for the information of this good character and may therefore require them obedience to just and reasonable rules. Article 46. Parents shall have the following duties toward their child: 1. To give them affection, companionship and understanding. 2. To extend to them the benefits of moral guidance, self-discipline and religious instruction. 3. To advice them properly on any matter affecting his development as wellbeing. 4. To always set a good example.

Literature Background

Parenting is not an easy task. Becoming a parent is the easiest part, whereas, being a conscious and positive parent is a momentous task. Parenting is the most important role one faces in a lifetime. Parents who provide an encouraging environment for their children are rewarded when, as adults, their children realize a successful fit into the culture and society

(http//www.yahoo.com).

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According to Zaide, Jr., 1998, p. 171, as quoted by Celocia, Perfecto and Villamor, James, parents should realize that being a father and mother carries with it a new set of duties and obligations. Becoming a parent represents important transition for most married couples.

From parents, children acquire beliefs, values and attitudes that shape their lives (Hermida, 1997). But, it is important not only to work towards shaping the childrens behavior but also to help them feel good about themselves in the process (internet, http//www.yahoo.com).

There are different styles of parenting. These are the following: (1) Permissive parenting permissive parents give too much freedom, set no limits of boundaries and provide no guidelines for the child to follow socially accepted norms. Often these parents are uninvolved in parenting and spend little time with their children. Children will have less self-control, become aggressive and irresponsible and have low-esteem; (2) Authoritarian parenting - authoritarian parents are demanding, strict, give punishment and do not allow choices or the freedom to express various opinions; (3) Authoritative parenting - authoritative parents employ explanations, reasoning; they balance their parenting style by using rewards appropriately. Punishment is never harsh or physical. Generally, the reward is proportionate to the positive behavior that is being reinforced. Such parenting style results in children who have good self-control, high self-esteem,

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self-confidence, responsibility, independence and control over their emotions (internet, http//www.yahoo.com).

Related Studies

According to David O. McKay, the home is the first and most effective place to learn the lessons of life: truth, honor, virtue, self-control, the value of education, hones work and the purpose and privilege of life. Nothing can take the place of home in rearing and teaching children.

Effective parenting enables children to build and develop positive behaviors and good solid self-concepts that are important to functioning fully as a healthy adult. However, parenting skills can be strengthened if parents learn about themselves as a parent and about child development. Learning about the stages of development helps parents understand about their ever, changing roles in the lives of their children and also what is expected of at parent at each stage (internet).

Indeed, the family remains the primary group in which intimacy and affection can be freely expressed. A specialized institution whose unique mission is to provide the emotional support that the larger, more impersonal worlds of education, work and politics do not provide. (Grolier Encyclopedia, 2003).

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Theory: There is no amount of success that can compensate for the failure at home.

Legal Bases: Educational Act of the Philippines Constitution Decree 603 Article 43, 45 and 46.

Grade V Pupils of Cangawa Elementary School

Parental Upbringing; Its Relation to Academic Performance

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Problems: 1. Profile of the respondents parents in terms of age, occupation, educational attainment and family monthly income. 2. Practices employed by the parents in terms of guidance, discipline and spirituality. 3. Significant relationship between parental upbringing and academic performance.

Recommendations: 1. Parents should be encouraged to attend community conferences. Moreover, strive hard to find another source of income. 2. Parents should let their children experience their lives on communication with those around them and in the society they belong. 3. Parents should have constant interaction with the teachers to assess and assist the performance of their children. Figure 1. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to determine the parental upbringing of Grade V pupils in Cangawa Elementary School, Buenavista, Bohol, School Year 2009 2010: Its relation to their academic performance. Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions:

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1. What is the profile of the parents of Grade V pupils in terms of a. Age b. Occupation c. Educational Attainment d. Family Monthly Income

2. To what extent are some practices employed by parents in upbringing their children in terms of: a. Guidance b. Discipline c. Spirituality

3. Is there a significant degree of relationship between the parental upbringing of children and their academic performance? Null Hypothesis of the Study

There is no significant degree of relationship between parental upbringing and academic performance of Grade V pupils in Cangawa Elementary School.

Significance of the Study

The researchers believe that the findings of the study would be useful to the following:

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Community

Whatever development attained or aimed through education in the respective schools would reflect the communitys development, progress and prosperity, in particular and in the country in general.

School Administration

The study encourages the school administration to improve the teacher parent guardian relationship through Parents, Teachers and Community Association (P.T.C.A.) and that would enhance the cooperation of the two, for the exchange of information towards the betterment of the pupils. Teachers

The teachers would be given the opportunity to recognize some family practices employed in the home. This knowledge could increase their awareness in school development of the pupils and guide them in understanding their different behavior.

Parents

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The parents are made aware that implementing discipline to their children may help them to understand better the psychology of their children. It would also challenge them to add and stock knowledge and to improve their attitudes and skills so that they would be more adequately prepared to face actual life situation and academic problems.

Pupils

The pupils are made aware of their task and responsibilities that without the cooperation and effort of their parents and teachers for their welfare, they would not be successful. It would also help them understand that parents discipline is positive pervasive form of life training aimed at the development and reinforcement of good behavior. Student Researchers

The findings could help the student researchers ascertain and understand the prevailing conditions and facts between parental upbringing and academic performance of the pupils which could enhance better parent child relationship.

Scope and Limitation

Scope

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The study focused on the parental upbringing in relation to the academic performance of Grade V pupils in Cangawa Elementary School, Buenavista, Bohol, School Year 2009 2010.

Limitation

The constraints that threatened the conduct of the study were the difficulty of the pupils in comprehending the questionnaire since it was in English and the difficulty in gathering data due to respondents hesitations in answering the questions honestly. However, these were resolved by explaining the questions thoroughly and explaining the purpose and importance of the study. Research Methodology

This study utilized the descriptive correlational method with the aid of the questionnaire as tool for gathering data from the Grade V pupils of Cangawa Elementary School to determine the significant degree of relationship between parental upbringing and academic performance in the school year 2009 2010.

Research Environment and Subjects

The locale of the study is Barangay Cangawa, Buenavista which is found in the southern part of Buenavista, Bohol.

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The subjects of the study were the thirty one Grade V pupils of Cangawa Elementary School, Buenavista, Bohol, School Year 2009 2010. The academic performance of the respondents was based on their final grades.

Research Instrument

The questionnaire was made as a data gathering tool to determine the personal data of the respondents and their parental upbringing in terms of guidance, discipline and spirituality. The final grades of the pupils were used as basis for their academic performances. Gathering of Data

Permission to conduct the study was secured from the Dean of Teacher Education Department of Buenavista Community College (BCC), Buenavista, Bohol. Likewise, permissions were secured from the Principal of Cangawa Elementary School and from the Grade V adviser to distribute the questionnaires. To measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, these were pretested by 10 pupils.

The

presented

questionnaires

were

personally

distributed

and

administered to the respondents during the first period of their class.

Data Analysis

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After the retrieval of the questionnaires, the data were summarized and analyzed using the appropriate statistical method. The analysis focused on the parental upbringing of Grade V pupils in Cangawa Elementary School. This was determined according to the age of the parents, occupation, educational attainment and family income. Moreover, parental upbringing in terms of guidance, discipline and spirituality determined the said focus.

Statistical Treatment

Sub-problem 1 which is about the Profile of the parents of Grade V pupils in terms of age, occupation, educational attainment and family monthly income was solved through the use of frequency count and percentage. The formula is:

f P= n

x 100%

Where: P = percentage f = frequency of the respondents n = number of cases

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Sub problem 2 on the practices employed by parents in upbringing their children was treated using descriptive statistics, the weighted mean. The weighted mean formula is:

x=

fx f

Where: X = weighted mean fx = sum of the product of x where f is the frequency of each score and x is the weight of each score. f = sum of all respondent

The descriptive rating was assigned according to the value as follows:

Scale 5 4 3 2 1

Level of Awareness Excellent (E) Very Good Good Fair Poor

The mean scale was attained by multiplying the frequency with scale value, the product added and the sum as the total value, then the sum was divided by the number of respondents and the quotient was the scale value. The mean value was interpreted as follows: xxix

Mean Scale 4.50 - above 3.50 4.49 2.50 3. 49 1.50 2.49 0.50 1.49

Descriptive Interpretation Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor

Sub problem 3 on the significant relationship between parental upbringing of Grade V pupils and their academic performance and the following: guidance, discipline and spirituality were computed through the use of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Test. The formula is: N ( xy ) (x ) (y ) rxy = { N (x) (x ) } } { N (y ) (y ) }

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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Academic Performance the pupils knowledge and skills performed in school. In this study, it is the average grade of the respondents during their Grade V year level. Age the number of chronological years of a persons existence ; i.e, since birth up to present. Discipline - the training that is expected to produce specified character or pattern of behavior especially that which produces moral and mental development. Family Monthly Income - the money or salary earned every month by the family. Guidance - the procedures applied by parents to assist their children to find maximum satisfactions in their educational and vocational careers. Home - the place where the individuals live and find comfort and convenience. Occupation - parents ways of earning money and livelihood.

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Profile

background information provide by respondents of this study in terms of name, sex, age and religion.

Spirituality

- the value derived from parents responsibility or inculcating and molding children based on the Christian doctrine. CHAPTER II PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

To achieve the purpose of this research, a survey was conducted to the Grade V pupils of Cangawa Elementary School, Cangawa, Buenavista, Bohol.

This chapter deals with the presentation of data required to answer the specific questions of the study.

Table I on the next page indicates the age of parents. For the father, there were two (6.45%) who were between 32 34 years old; four (12.90%) who were between 35 37 years old; three (9.68%) who were between 38 40 years old; five (16.13%) who were between 41 43 years old; seven (22.58%) who were between 44 46 years old; three (9.68%) who were between 47 49 years old; four (12.90%) who were between 50 55 years old; two (6.45%) who were between 53 55 years old; one (3.23%) who was between 56 58 years old; For the mother, three (9.68%) were between 29 31 years old; four (12.90%) were between 35 -37 years old; five (16.13%) were between 38 40

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years old; one (3.23%) was between 41 43 years old; five (16.13%) were between 44 46 years old; eight (25.81%) were between 47 49 years old; four (12.90%) were between 50 52 years old; one (3.23%) was between 53 55 years old. TABLE I. Age of Parents

56 58 53 55 50 52 47 49 44 46 41 43 38 40 35 37 32 34 29 31 Total

Age Range Father 1 2 4 3 7 5 3 4 2 0 31

% 3.23 6.45 12.90 9.68 22.58 16.13 9.68 12.90 6.45 0 100

Response Mother 0 1 4 8 5 1 5 4 0 3 31

% 0 3.23 12.90 25.81 16.13 3.23 16.13 12.90 0 9.68 100

Table II on the next page shows the occupation of the fathers. Eight (25.81%) were farmers;; six (19.25%) were fishermen; five (16.13%) were drivers; three (9.67%) were carpenters; one (3.23%) was an engineer; one (3.23%) was a principal; one (3.23%) was a government employee; one (3.23%) was a welder; one (3.23%) was a laborer; one (3.23%) was a housekeeper; one (3.23%) was a businessman; one (3.23%) was a security guard; one (3.23%) was a policeman.

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TABLE II. Occupation of the Fathers Occupation Engineer Principal Farmer Government Employee Welder Laborer Driver Housekeeper Businessman Carpenter Fisherman Security Guard Policeman Total Frequency 1 1 8 1 1 1 5 1 1 3 6 1 1 31 Response % 3.23 3.23 25.81 3.23 3.23 3.23 16.13 3.23 3.23 9.67 19.35 3.23 3.23 100

Table III on the next page presents the occupation of the mothers. Nineteen (61.29%) were housekeepers; three (9.67%) were vendors; two (6.45%) were teachers; two (6.45%) were businesswomen; two (6.45%) were housemaids; one (3.23%) was a nurse; one (3.23%) was a midwife; one (3.23%) was a government employee.

TABLE III. Occupation of the Mother Occupation Housekeeper Vendor Frequency 19 3 xxxiv Response % 61.29 9.67

Teacher Housemaid Nurse Businesswoman Midwife Government Employee Total

2 2 1 2 1 1 31

6.45 6.45 3.23 6.45 3.23 3.23 100

Table IV on the next page represents the educational attainment of parents. Eight (25.81%) fathers were college graduate; twelve (38.71%) were elementary level; five (16.13%) were high school level; two (6.45%) were college level; two (6.45%) were high school graduate; two (6.45%) were elementary graduate. The educational attainment of the mothers, ten (32.26%) were elementary level; six (19.35%) were high school level; six (19.35%) were high school graduate; four (12.90%) were college graduate; three (9.67%) were college level; two (6.45%) were elementary graduate.

TABLE IV. Educational Attainment of the Parents Educational Attainment Father College Graduate 8 College Level High School Graduate High School Level Elementary Graduate Elementary Level Total 2 2 5 2 12 31 Response Mother % 4 12.90% 3 6 6 2 10 31 9.67% 19.35% 19.35% 6.45% 32.26% 100%

% 25.81% 6.45% 6.45% 6.13% 6.45% 38.71% 100%

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Table V on the next page indicates the monthly income of the family. Seventeen (54.84%) families earned 3,000 5,999; five (16.13%) 6,000 14,999; five (16.13%) 2,000 and below; four (12.90%) 20,000 and above.

TABLE V. Monthly Income of the Family Monthly Income 20,000 above 15,000 19,999 6,000 14,999 3,000 5,999 Frequency 4 0 5 17 Response % 12.90% 0 16.13% 54.84%

2,000 below 5 16.13% Total 31 100% Table VI on the next page presents the guidance practices of parents to their children. In doing their assignments, 9 pupils rated their parents very good; 14, good; 3, fair and 5, poor. In helping the children in doing their projects, 4, excellent; 7, very good, 16, good and 4, fair. In encouraging the children to reason out properly, 3, excellent, 9, very good, 12, good, 7, fair. In giving counsel and encouragement when children have problems, 7, rated excellent, 5, very good, 13, good, 3 fair, 3, poor. In inspiring children to attend classes daily, 13, excellent, 8, very good, 6 good, 4, fair. In teaching children how to gather information, 5 excellent, 12, very good, 8, good, 6, fair. Give children appraisal and encouragement when they get good grades, 10, excellent; 7, very good; 10, good; 3, fair and 1, poor. In listening and knowing the achievement of the children, 6, excellent; 6, very good; 15, good; 3, fair and 1, poor. In teaching

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children how to read and write and spell words, 6, excellent; 6, very good; 13, good; and 6, fair. In allowing children to play with their friends and classmates, 6, excellent; 8, very good; 17, good; In Encouraging children to show their skills and talents, 5, excellent; 8, very good; 14, good and 4, fair. In encouraging children to participate school activities, 5, excellent; 13, very good; 11, good, 1, fair and 1 poor. In encouraging children to try again when they fail, 5, excellent; 9, very good; 12, good; 3, fair and 2, poor. In giving money for projects, 2, excellent, 18, very good, 8, good; 3, fair. In giving money for fees, 18, excellent; 9, very good; and 4, good. In giving children allowance, 11, excellent, 12, very good, 7, good and 1, fair. TABLE VI. Guidance Practices of Parents ITEMS 1. Helps you in doing assignments 2. Helps you in doing projects. 3. Encourages you to reason our properly. 4. Gives counsel and encouragement when you have school problems. 5. Inspires you to attend classes daily. 6. Teaches you how to find or gather information. 7. Gives appraisal and encouragement when you get good grades. E (5) 0 4 3 7 VG (4) 9 7 9 5 G (3) 14 16 12 13 F (2) 3 4 7 3 P(1) 5 0 0 3 WMS 2.87 3.35 3.25 3.32 X DI G G G VG

13 5 10

8 12 7

6 8 10

4 6 3

0 0 1

3.97 3.52 3.71

VG VG VG

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8. Willing to listen and know your achievement in school. 9. Teaches you how to read, pronounce, and spell words. 10. Allows you to play with your friends and classmates. 11. Encourages you to show your skills and talents to everybody. 12. Encourages you participate any school activity. 13. Encourages you to try again when you fail. 14. Gives money for your projects. 15. Gives money for any fees in school. 16. Gives you enough allowance. TOTAL

15

3.42

13

3.38

17

3.65

VG

14

3.45

5 5 2 18 11

13 9 18 9 12

11 12 8 4 7 14.03

1 3 3 0 1 1.74

1 2 0 0 0 0.26

3.65 3.39 3.64 4.45 4.06 57.08

VG G VG VG VG 3.57 VG

27.42 18.84

Legend: E excellent VG very good G good F- fair P poor WMS Weighted Mean Scale

Table VII on the next page presents the disciplinary practices of parents to their children. In telling children to go home after attending class, 7, excellent; 9,

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very good; 15, good; In letting children to respect elders, 17, excellent; 8, very good; 5, good; and 1, fair. Giving routinary works, 11, excellent; 11, very good; 9, good. In letting children to study lessons, 15, excellent; 13, very good; 1 good; 1, fair and 1 poor. In implementing curfew hour, 7, excellent; 10, very good; 10, good; 4, fair. In prohibiting children to watch TV, 7, excellent; 20, very good, 3, good and 1 fair. TABLE VII. Disciplinary Practices of Parents ITEMS 1. Tells you to go home after attending class. 2. Let you respect elders. 3. Gives routinary works. 4. Let you study lesson daily. 5. Implements curfew hours. 6. Prohibits you to watch TV during examination. TOTAL Legend: E excellent VG very good G good F- fair P poor WMS Weighted Mean Scale` E (5) 7 17 11 15 7 7 10.32 VG (4) 9 8 11 13 10 20 9.16 G (3) 15 5 9 10 10 3 4.16 F (2) 0 1 1 1 4 1 0.45 P (1) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.03 WMS 3.74 4.32 4.06 4.29 3.65 4.06 24.12 X DI VG VG VG VG VG VG 4.02 VG

Table VIII on the next page shows the spiritual practices of parents taught by them to their children. In teaching children how to pray, 13, excellent; 11, very good; 7, good; in letting children to attend prayer meeting, 3, excellent; 10, very

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good; 12, good, 1, fair and 5, poor. In letting children to attend mass, 7, excellent, 8, very good, 10, good, 3, fair and 3, poor. In letting children to join the family prayer, 6, excellent; 7, very good; 15, good; 2, fair and 1, poor. In letting children to join religious activities, 8, excellent; 11, very good; 10, good; and 2, fair. TABLE VIII. Spiritual Practices of Parents

ITEMS 1. Teaches you how to pray. 2. Let you attend prayer meeting regularly. 3. Let you attend mass every Sunday. 4. Let you join family prayer every night. 5. Let you join religious activities. TOTAL Legend: E excellent

E (5) 13 3 7 6 8 5.97

VG (4) 11 10 8 7 11 6.06

G (3) 7 12 10 15 10 5.23

F (2) P (1) 0 0 1 3 2 2 0.52 5 3 1 0 0.29

WMS 4.19 3.16 3.42 3.48 3.81 18.06

DI VG G G G VG

3.61 VG

F- fair P poor WMS Weighted Mean Scale

VG very good G good

Table IX on the next page shows the relationship between parental upbringing and academic performance of Grade V pupils. The Pearson Product of Correlation tested it. It revealed that the computed tr 4.66 was higher than the tabular value of 29df at 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance with the value of 2.045

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and 2.756. this implies that the parental upbringing affects the academic performance of Grade V pupils. TABLE IX. Relationship Between Parental Upbringing and Academic Performance

PAIRED

r-

QUALITATIVE

COMPUTED CRITICAL t -VALUE AT 0.05

DECISION

VARIABLES VALUE DESCRIPTION Parental upbringing and academic performance 0.654 Substantial Positive Correlation

Null 4.66 2.045 Hypothesis Rejected

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CHAPTER III SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study aimed to determine the parental upbringing of Grade V pupils in Cangawa Elementary School, Buenavista, Bohol, School Year 2009 2010: Its relation to academic performance.

Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions:

What is the profile of the parents of Grade V pupils in terms of: 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. Age Occupation Educational Attainment Family Monthly Income

2.

To what extent are the practices employed by parents in the upbringing of their children in terms of: 2.1 Guidance 2.2 Discipline 2.3 Spirituality

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3.

Is there a significant relationship between the parental upbringing of the Grade V pupils and their academic performance?

Thirty One Grade V pupils were the respondents of the study. The questionnaire technique was employed by the researchers in gathering data with the assistance of the class adviser.

The data gathered were subjected to statistical treatment using frequency counts and simple percentage to determine the profile the of the respondents parents in terms of age, occupation, educational attainment and family monthly income. It also used descriptive statistics and weighted mean to determine the practices employed by the parents to their children in terms of guidance, discipline and spirituality. To determine the relationship between parental upbringing and the academic performance, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Test was used.

It was found out that there was a high significant relationship between the parental upbringing and the academic performance of the pupils because the respondents rated these practices as very good. Similarly, the academic performance of the pupils was also very good. Hence, the statements were parallel.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

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1.

The profile of the respondents parents revealed that the majorities of the fathers were within age bracket of 44 46 years old and the mothers were within the age bracket of 47 49 years old. Furthermore, the common occupation of the fathers was farming and the mothers was housekeeping, the educational attainment of the parents was in elementary level and the average family income was 3,000 5,999.

2.

Generally, the upbringing practices of parents to their child in terms of guidance, some parents do not have a proper parental guidance with their child because of lack of time, but in terms of discipline, parents are strict to their child. Moreover, in the spirituality, some are good and religious parents but some are poor in inculcating proper spiritual values that they implement for the goodness of their child.

3.

There is a high significant relationship between parental upbringing and academic performance of Grade V pupils. The computed tr is 4.66, 29df @ 5% is 2.045 and 29df @ 1% is 2.756.

CONCLUSIONS

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Based on the problems presented and the findings arrived at, the researchers came up with these conclusions.

1.

The profile of the respondents parents reveals that the majorities of the fathers are within the age bracket of 44 46 years old and the mothers are within the age bracket of 47 49 years old. Furthermore, the common occupation of the fathers is farming and the mothers is housekeeping. The educational attainment of the parents is in elementary level and the average family income is within the bracket of 3,000 5,999.

2.

Generally, the upbringing practices of parent to their children in terms of guidance, some parents of not have proper parental guidance with their children because of lack of time, but in terms of discipline, parents are strict. Moreover, in spirituality, some are good and religious parents but some are poor in inculcating proper spiritual values that they implement for the welfare of their child.

3.

There is a high significant relationship between parental upbringing and academic performance of Grade V pupils. Hence, the null hypothesis is rejected.

RECOMMENDATIONS

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Based on the foregoing conclusions, the following recommendations are hereby presented.

1.

Parents should be encouraged to attend community conferences like responsible parenthood for them to gain better understanding on their ever, changing roles to their children. Moreover, they should strive hard to find another source of income to provide the needs of their children (e.g. hand wavering, dressmaking, merchandising and other possible source of income that is within the capability of the parents.)

2.

Parents should let their children experience their lives in communicating with those around them and in the society they belong. Because these experiences will serve as learning vehicles to prepare them to cope up with future trials and struggles. Hence, in performing scholastic assignments and projects, they must only act as teachers and supporters not doers of the assigned tasks. In disciplining the child, parent must give punishment appropriate to the offense committed and should remember that discipline is teaching self discipline not self depreciation. In teaching spiritual values, parents should be models to their children in going to church and in attending religious activities.

3.

Parents should collaborate with the teachers in any school affairs like PTCA Meeting. There should be a constant interaction between them to assess and assist the performance of the children in the school.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS The Family Code of the Philippines ( Executive Order No. 209) Vega, Violeta A. Social Dimensions of Education. Quezon City: Adriana Printing Co. Inc., 2006 Zaide, Ceferino Jr. Preparing for Responsible Parenthood Fourth Edition. Metro Manila: National Bookstore, 1998. ENCYCLOPEDIA Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, 2003. International Edition. USA UNPUBLISHED BOOK Celocia, Perfecto A. and Villamor, James C., Parental Upbringing in Relation to Academic Performance of Grade V Pupils of Cangawa Elementary School, Buenavista, Bohol, S.Y. 2004 2005. INTERNET SOURCES D Souza, Ajith et.al., http//www. yahoo.com Olgar, Moulana MOOSA A., http//www.yahoo.com McKay, David O., http//www.yahoo.com

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A Republic of the Philippines BUENAVISTA COMMUNITY COLLEGE BUENAVISTA, BOHOL LOURDES A. BOLO, Ph.D. E. M. Dean, Teacher Education Department Buenavista Community College Buenavista, Bohol March 10, 2010 Madame: The undersigned, BEED IV students of Buenavista Community College, Buenavista, Bohol, are conducting an action research entitled, PARENTAL UPBRINGING: ITS RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEED). The undersigned, BEED IV students hope that this request will merit your approval. Thank you. Very respectfully yours, KAREN ALEMANIA CHERRYLYN DUAVIS IMEE MEMBREVE Approved: LOURDES A. BOLO, Ph.D. E. M. Dean, Teacher Education Department

APPENDIX B Republic of the Philippines

BUENAVISTA COMMUNITY COLLEGE BUENAVISTA, BOHOL Mr. Paul Torregosa Principal Cangawa Elementary School Buenavista, Bohol March 10, 2010 Sir: The undersigned, BEED IV students of Buenavista Community College, Buenavista, Bohol, are conducting an action research entitled, PARENTAL UPBRINGING: ITS RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEEd). In this regard, the undersigned BEEd IV students humbly request your office to be allowed to distribute to the respondents of the study. Thank you. Very respectfully yours, KAREN ALEMANIA CHERRYLYN DUAVIS IMEE MEMBREVE Noted: LOURDES A. BOLO, Ph.D. E. M. Dean, Teacher Education Department Approved: PAUL TORREGOSA Principal APPENDIX C QUESTIONNAIRE March 10, 2010

li

Pupils, The undersigned, BEED IV students of Buenavista Community College, Buenavista, Bohol, are conduction an action research entitled, PARENTAL UPBRINGING: ITS RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. The undersigned, BEED IV students are asking you a favor to take part in our study by answering honestly the questionnaire. Thank you very much for you cooperation.

Very respectfully yours, KAREN ALEMANIA CHERRYLYN DUAVIS IMEE MEMBREVE

QUESTIONNAIRE I. Profile of the Respondents Name: Gender: Address: Age: Religion:

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Fathers Name: Occupation: Address: Educational Attainment of Father: _______ College Graduate _______ College Level _______ High School Graduate _______ High School Level Mothers Name: Occupation: Address: Educational Attainment of Mother: _______ College Graduate _______ College Level _______ High School Graduate _______ High School Level Family Monthly Income 20, 000 above 15, 000 19, 999 6, 000 14, 999 3, 000 5,999 2, 000 below II. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

Age: Monthly Income:

_______ Elementary Graduate _______ Elementary Level _______ No Formal Education

Age: Monthly Income:

_______ Elementary Graduate _______ Elementary Level _______ No Formal Education

Practices of the parents in the upbringing of their children Direction: The items below are practices or your parents in upbringing you. Check () the number that corresponds to your honest answers using the scale. 5 Excellent 4 Very Good 3 Good ITEMS 2 Fair 1 Poor

RATINGS

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A. GUIDANCE 1. Helps you in doing assignments. 2. Helps you in doing projects. 3. Encourages you to reason our properly. 4. Teaches you how to find or gather information. 5. Inspires you to attend classes daily. 6. Gives counsel and encouragement when you have school problems. 7. Gives appraisal and encouragement when you get good grades. 8. Willing to listen and know your achievement in school. 9. Teaches you how to read, pronounce and spell words. 10. Allows you to play with your friends and classmates. 11. Encourages you to show your skill and talents to everybody. 12. Encourages you to participate school activities. 13. Encourages you to try again when you fail. 14. Gives money for your projects. 15. Gives money for any fees in school. 16. Gives you enough allowance. 17. Others, please specify.

5 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

4 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

3 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

2 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

1 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _________________________

B. DISCIPLINE 1. Tells you to go home after attending class. 2. Let you respect elders. 3. Gives routinary works. 4. Let you study lessons daily. 5. Implements curfew hours. 6. Prohibits you to watch TV during examination day. 7. Others, please specify. C. SPIRITUALITY 1. Teaches you how to pray. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _________________________

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2. Let you attend prayer meeting regularly. 3. Let you attend mass every Sunday. 4. Let you join the family prayer every night. 5. Let you join religious activities. 6. Others, please specify.

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _________________________

APPENDIX D AVERAGE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE V PUPILS OF CANGAWA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, BUENAVISTA, BOHOL NAME OF RESPONDENTS Angco, Ingay Neil Aora, Kim Martin Dabon, Mineo Francisco Degamo, Robert Erojo, Rhyno Gimongala, Ariel Jumao as, Jundy Logrosa, Alexander Jr. Lumagbas, Bryan Paul Minguito, Ceasar Monteron, Juan Knith AVERAGE GRADE 78 85 86 80 86 79 80 82 81 80 81 NAME OF RESPONDENTS Apa ap, Mia Joy Apa ap, Theresa Degamo, Donalyn Mae Degamo, Joan Rhea Duavis, Myra Lou Escabas, Mara Maturan, Marichu Mellino, Ruth Menguito, Imee Rose Monteron, Mickee Ann Omo, Ranila AVERAGE GRADE 84 81 81 81 83 77 80 84 80 88 81

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Ojendras, Nimrod Rex Petalcorin, Rollie Sumasino, Johny Sumasino, Axciel Watimar, Joselito

88 79 78 77 80

Quimada, Rhyneth Mico Tapilot, Maria Jean Torregosa, Blessel Gay Torregosa, Dawnah

83 82 84 87

APPENDIX E TRANSMUTATION Total Mean 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 Average Grade 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 Total Mean 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 Average Grade 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66

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3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0

86 85 84 83 82 81 80

1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0

65 64 63 62 61 60

APPENDIX F COMPUTATION OF PEARSON - PRODUCT CORRELATION TEST Number of Pupil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total Mean 3.45 4.03 4.08 3.94 4.39 3.54 3.16 4.12 3.67 3.15 3.93 4.7 3.54 3.34 3.15 3.79 4.10 3.88 3.64 x 85 90 91 89 94 85 82 91 87 82 89 97 85 83 82 88 91 89 86 x 7225 8100 8281 7921 8836 7225 6724 8281 7569 6724 7921 9409 7225 6889 6724 7744 8281 7921 7396 y 78 85 86 80 86 79 80 82 81 80 81 88 79 78 77 80 84 81 81 y 6084 7225 7396 6400 7396 6241 6400 624 6561 6400 6561 7744 6241 6084 5929 6400 7056 6561 6561 xy 6630 7650 7826 7120 8084 6715 6560 7462 7047 6560 7209 8536 6715 6414 6314 7040 7644 7209 6966

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20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

4.09 4.31 3.39 3.64 4.10 3.34 4.26 3.67 3.86 3.66 4.13 3.77

91 93 84 86 91 83 93 87 89 87 91 88

8281 8649 7056 7396 8281 6889 8649 7569 7921 7569 8281 7744

81 83 77 80 84 80 88 81 83 82 84 87

6561 6889 5929 6400 7056 6400 7744 6561 6889 6724 7056 7569

7371 7719 6468 6880 6744 6640 8184 7047 7387 7134 7644 7656

WHERE: x = scale value y = average grade COMPUTATION: x = 2,729 y = 2,536 x = 240,681 y = 207,843 xy = 223,535

rxy =

N ( xy ) (x ) (y ) { N (x) (x ) } } { N (y ) (y ) } 31 ( 223, 535 ) ( 2, 729 ) ( 2, 536 ) { 31 ( 240, 681 ) ( 2, 729 ) } { 31 ( 207, 843 ) ( 2, 536) } 6, 929, 585 6, 920, 744 ( 7, 461, 111 7, 447, 441 ) ( 6, 444, 683 6, 431, 296 ) 8, 841 ( 13, 670 ) ( 13, 387 )

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8,841 183, 000, 290

8,841 13, 537. 75998

rxy = 0.654

tr =

rn2 1 - r 0.654 31 2 1 ( 0.654 )

0.654 29 1 0.427716

0.654 (5.385164807) 0.572284

3.521898 0.756494547

tr = 4.66 29df at 5% is 2.045 29df at 1% is 2.756

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lx

APPENDIX G

Numerical and Descriptive Ratings

r-value

1.00 .81 - .99 .61 - .80 .41 - .60 .21 - .40 .01 - .20 .0

Descriptive Meaning Perfect Positive or Negative Correlation Very High Positive or Negative Correlation Substancial Positive or Negative Correlation Moderately Positive or Negative Correlation Low Positive or Negative Correlation

Negligible Correlation No Correlation

APPENDIX H TOTAL AVERAGE AND ITS DESCRIPTIVE RATING

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RANGE 90-100 80-89 70-79 60-69 50-59

DESCRIPTIVE RATING Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor

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CURRICULUM VITAE

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CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

NAME ADDRESS BIRTH DATE CIVIL STATUS CITIZENSHIP SEX PARENTS

: Karen P. Alemania : Cangawa, Buenavista, Bohol : January 5, 1990 : Single : Filipino : Female : Mr. and Mrs. Crismelito P. Alemania

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

ELEMENTARY

: Jugan Elementary School Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu, S.Y. 2001 - 2002

SECONDARY

: Jugan National High School Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu, S.Y. 2005 - 2006

COLLEGE

: Buenavista Community College Buenavista, Bohol

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CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

NAME ADDRESS BIRTH DATE CIVIL STATUS CITIZENSHIP SEX PARENTS

: Cherrylyn L. Duavis : Cangawa, Buenavista, Bohol : August 11, 1990 : Single : Filipino : Female : Mr. and Mrs. Edmundo Duavis

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

ELEMENTARY

: Bayugan ll Elementary School San Francisco, Agusan del Sur, S.Y. 2001- 2002

SECONDARY

: Agusan del Sur National High School San Francisco, Agusan del Sur, S.Y. 2005 - 2006

COLLEGE

: Buenavista Community College Buenavista, Bohol

CURRICULUM VITAE

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PERSONAL BACKGROUND

NAME ADDRESS BIRTH DATE CIVIL STATUS CITIZENSHIP SEX PARENTS

: Imee C. Membreve : Overland, Buenavista, Bohol : July 8, 1989 : Single : Filipino : Female : Mr. and Mrs. Anecito B. Membreve

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

ELEMENTARY

:Overland Elementary School Buenavista, Bohol S.Y.2002 - 2003

SECONDARY

: Cangawa National High School Buenavista, Bohol, S.Y. 2005 - 2006

COLLEGE

: Buenavista Community College Buenavista, Bohol

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