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11/11/2012

WILAYAH URBAN PERI-PERI


ADIPANDANG YUDONO 12

In more developed regions,

URBAN POPULATION

952 million people, or 77% of the population (of 1.23 billion) will live in urban areas by 2015

In less developed regions,


2.9 billion people, or 48.7% of the population (of 5.97 billion) will live in urban areas by 2015
Source: United Nations, Population Division (2004) World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2003/WUP2003Report.pdf Data Tables and Highlights http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2003/2003WUPHighlights.pdf Downloadable data available in the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision Population Database. http://esa.un.org/unup

VARIATIONS EXIST AMONG THE MORE URBANIZED COUNTRIES IN THE DEVELOPED WORLD AND THE LESS URBANIZED COUNTRIES IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD

URBANIZATION AND URBAN GROWTH - Urbanization: share of population that live in urban
areas. It could be a result of rural-to-urban migration, etc. - Urban Growth: refers to the overall growth in the population that lives in cities. - When national population grows, cities may grown even without the real shift/migration of people from rural to urban areas. - Third world urbanization mostly comes from ruralurban migration

Demographic Factors

CAUSES OF URBAN GROWTH

THEORIES OF URBANIZATION & DEVELOPMENT KAPLAN ET AL. PP 433-440 AND PACIONE, PP 433-435 . .

Natural increase Birth rate minus death rate Migration Net migration = in-migration minus out-migration Rural-to-urban migration
For job opportunities outside the primary sector For education for children

Theories of development and underdevelopment Modernization Theory: Trickle-down of growth from large to smaller cities The developing countries are in a process of transition from preindustrial to industrial society, and are in the midst of a capitalist transformation: follows western industrial society Cultural changes are at work, the society will soon be westernized and will achieve a modern/developed status Dependency Theory: colonizers and colonies Role of Third World port cities in colonies to export natural resources World Systems Theory- Wallerstein Core, semi-periphery, periphery

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WORLD-SYSTEM THEORY
Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein
Sociologist, historical social scientist and world system analyst Draws from Marx Fernand Braudel Core-periphery

Contemporary Economic Landscapes


Identifying pattern Core and Periphery (World Systems Theory!) Immanuel Wallerstein (1984) Historical - Structural relationship! Attributes Core Dominant, active in world trade, rich, market type economy, primarily industrial, exporter of manufactured goods, control on capital Periphery Secondary/passive, in world trade, maybe market type or subsistence type, external dependence, import led economy and borrower of capital

Core-Periphery Model
Globally, uneven economic development and distribution of power.

Interdependent
Core Semi-periphery Periphery

Other characteristics Core Controls the most advanced technologies High levels of productivity Low birth rate, low death rate, low infant mortality rates Periphery Socio-economic inequalities Historical experience of colonialism Semi-periphery exploits peripheral regions but are themselves exploited and dominated by center regions. A mix of both sets of processes

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CHARACTERISTICS
Core
Rich areas Diversified economies High levels of technology High wages Economic and political power

DEPENDENCY THEORY
Periphery Core-periphery relationship is problematic.
Poorer areas Narrow range of production Lower level of technology Lower wages Little economic or political power primary activity, raw material extraction

Semi-Periphery
Countries between core and periphery status Characteristics of both core and periphery

Economic exploitation of periphery Core growth is the result of exploitation Caused underdevelopment Periphery can only grow by separating from global capitalistic structure

APA YANG DIMAKSUD WILAYAH URBAN PERI-PERI ?

PEMAHAMAN WILAYAH PERI URBAN

Istilah peri merupakan kata sifat yang bermakna pinggiran atau sekitar dari suatu objek tertentu.

Wilayah Tempat pertemuan perkotaan dengan pedesaan

Sementara istilah urban merupakan istilah yang berarti sifat kekotaan atau sesuatu yang berkenaan dengan kota.

LANJUTAN PEMAHAMAN WILAYAH PERI URBAN


secara harafiah berarti sifat kekotaan dan sekitar peri urban region mempunyai makna sebagai suatu wilayah yang berada disekitar perkotaan

JENIS PEMBANGUNAN APA SAJA YANG MENJADI INCARAN PARA INVESTOR UNTUK BANGUN DI WILAYAH PERI-PERI ?

Perumahan Kawasan Perindustrian Pergudangan Kawasan Kota Baru Airport

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Mengapa Bandara dibangun dilokasi Wilayah Urban Peri-peri ?

HOUSING
Mengapa Developer menginginkan membangun Perumahan di wilayah Periperi ? Harga Tanah Yang murah Tenang

Prediksi lalulintas udara yang padat dimasa yang akan datang Pengembangan terminal baru dan jalur penerbangan yang baru Keamanan dari bangunan yang dapat mengganggu jalur penerbangan Jangkauan polusi suara terhadap kawasan terbangun

Tingkat kriminalitas kurang Akses yang baik untuk menghubungkan dengan kota lain Akses yang terjangkau oleh kendaraan

APA DAMPAK NEGATIF ADANYA PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH URBAN PERI-PERI?


Wilayah Cadangan pengembangan akan hilang secara cepat Karakteristik budaya lokal akan terdegradasi menjadi budaya modern yang bersifat kekotaan Perubahan Wujud Desa menjadi Bentuk Kekotaan Kemacetan akan meningkat dengan adanya peningkatan jumlah pergerakan Polusi udara, suara, air dan tanah akan terjadi dalam jumlah besar

CLASSIC INDUSTRIAL CITY 1850S

INDUSTRIAL CITY 1945-1975

THE POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY

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BAGAIMANA PERKEMBANGAN PESAT PADA WILAYAH URBAN PERI-PERI DAPAT DIKENDALIKAN ? Menciptakan Sabuk Hijau pada wilayah Urban Peri-peri dengan tujuan: Mengendalikan pesatnya Perkembangan Perkotaan Mengendalikan terjadinya Towns-Merging Mempertahankan karakteristik lokal Wilayah Peri-peri

Pemahaman tentang Green Belt


kawasan sabuk hijau adalah kebijakan untuk mengontrol pertumbuhan perkotaan. Gagasannya adalah untuk mengelilingi sebuah kawasan dengan pedesaan yang diharapkan akan menekan laju urbanisasi untuk masa yang akan datang, menjaga kawasan di mana pertanian, kehutanan dan kawasan terbuka bisa diharapkan untuk tetap membentang.

CONTOH GREEN BELT DI ADELAIDE

OF DISTRIBUTED URBAN FARMING


GREEN BELT

Settlements

CBD

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TERIMA KASIH

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