Miskolci Egyetem Kolaj s Fldgz Intzet Gzmrnki Intzeti Tanszk

Gzelkszts
BEADAND

Ksztette: Tabi Barnabs Neptunkd: COOFU4 Tankr: MF09MO

Miskolc, 2012.11.05.

1. What is the usually range of water content in natural gas?

Water content is usually in the range of 400-500 lb/MMscf. At the wellhead, reservoir fluids almost invariably contain water and, except for a few shallow wells, natural gas is produced saturated with water.

2. What does water vapour cause?

Water vapour in the gas stream can cause hydrate formation, corrosion CH2S, C02 + water), water condensation (water slugs, erosion, corrosion) and decreases the heating value of the gas

3. What kind of factor depends water content?

The water content of natural gas depends on the following factors: Pressure - At higher pressure the water content decreases Temperature- At higher temperature the water content increases Salt Content By increasing the salt content of the associated reservoir water, the water content of the gas will decrease Composition - Higher gravity gases usually have less water

4. What does the gas hydrat like?

Gas hydrates are solid crystalline compounds, like ice or wet snow, but much less dense than ice. Valves, fittings or even pipelines can be plugged with hydrates if the temperature of the water saturated gas drops below the hydrate expectancy value. They cause many operating problems, such as partial or complete blocking of gas gathering flowlines, fouling and plugging of heat exchangers.

5. What does drying the natural gas with?

Drying the natural gas with triethylene glycol (TEG) or solid desiccant is the best protection against hydrate formation, but dehydration is generally carried out at a central facility.

6. What does it mean TEG?

Triethylene glycol, a hydrate formation inhibitor.

7. What is the different between methanol and glycol system?

Methanol injection is quite different from glycol injection because it is often not recovered and reconcentrated, therefore no regeneration equipment is needed. With methanol the injection technique is not as critical. Because of its high vapour pressure all or a considerable fraction of the methanol evaporates into the gas stream, thus providing protection. A suitable low-flow metering pump is all that is required. The assurance of protection and the simplicity of injection account for methanol's popularity.

8. Where does glycol lost in the system?

Glycol is lost in three ways: Solution in liquid hydrocarbons Vaporisation and entrainment in the exit gas Decomposition and carry-over from the regenerator

9. How can we calculate the weight of inhibitor requirement?

With Hammerschmidt's equation: ( where w=inhibitior concentration in the aqueous phase, weight % d=required dew point reduction, F M= molecular weight of the inhibitor K= a constant, 2335 for methanol, 4000 for the glycols ) ( )

10.What is the different between the absorption and adsorption?

In chemistry, absorption is the taking up of one substance by another. For example, water may be absorbed, or dissolved, in glycol. Adsorption, which is often confused with absorption, refers to the adhering of molecules of gases and liquids to the surfaces of porous solids. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon; absorption is an intermingling or interpenetration of two substances.

11.What is the concentration of the lean TEG from the regeneration system?
Generally in the range of 99 to 99.9 %.

12.How can we calculate the number of tray?

A procedure for calculating the number of trays required is to use McCabe - Thiele diagrams, widely used in designing equilibrium separation process equipment.

Generally a tray efficiency used for calculations is equal to: 25% for bubble-cap trays 33.3% for valve trays The figure for the actual number of trays is rounded off to the next higher integer value.

13.Name some operating problems on glycol dehydration units.

On glycol dehydration urtits the following common problems can occur: High exit gas dew point: - change in gas flow rate, temperature, or pressure - insufficient glycol circulation (should be 1.5 to 3 gal TEG!lb water removed) - current operating conditions different from design High glycol losses: Loss from contactor - Inlet_ separator passing liquids Loss from still - excessive stripping gas Loss from separator - glycol dumped with hydrocarbons Leaks, spills:

- piping, fittings, valves, gaskets - pumps, especially packings Glycol contamination: - carryover of oils, brine, corrosion inhibitors, well treating chemicals, sand, corrosion scales from inlet separator - oxygen leaks into glycol storage tanks - inadequate pH control (low pH) increases corrosion - overheating of glycol in reboiler due to excessive temperature or hot spots on fire tube - improper filtration Poor glycol reconcentration: - low reboiler temperature - insufficient stripping gas - rich glycol leaking into lean glycol in glycol heat exchanger - overloading capacity of reb oiler - fouling of fire tubes in reb oiler

14.Name the types of solid desiccants.

The types of solid desiccants are: Silica gel Silica-base beads Activated alumina Molecular sieve

15.Name some operating problems about dehydration units.

Most solid desiccant dehydration units are reliable and require relatively little operating attention. However, poor design, operation and maintenance can cause unnecessary problems like: bed contamination incomplete removal of contaminants in the inlet gas separator (the most frequent) lubricating oil from compressors. high dew point of the outlet gas cracks in the internal insulation (wet inlet gas bypasses the dehydrator) fast water breakthrough rapid rise in the. effluent eas temperat1rre during regeneration. leaking valves increased flow rate - excessive water content