Major Research Project

ON

Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development in Madhya Pradesh

(With special reference to Bhopal)

A Dissertation

Submitted to Devi Ahilya University Towards Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Of Master of Business Administration (Full Time) 2010-12

Guided By: -

Submitted By: Ajay Choudhary MBA (Full time)4th Sem

Ms. Shruti P Maheshwari

Asst Professor PG. Department SVIM, INDORE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All the first step of professional life got transformed in to a memorable experience while doing this study.The most awaited moment of successful completion of an endeavor is always a result of persons involved explicitly or implicitly there in and it is impossible without the help and guidance of the people around. The magnanimity shown by Ms. Shruti P Maheshwari (Asst. Professor) in accepting my candidature for the most valuable guidance and affable treatment given to me at every stage to boast my morals. I want to thank you for all of the hours you spent helping me carve my walking stick. You had such great patience with me, even when I made really big mistakes. My Project would not have turned out so well without your help. I am thankful to Ms. Shruti P Maheshwari (Asst. Professor) for being so helpful with all the information and explanation in spite of his busy schedule.

Their deep and insightful knowledge helped me to understand various difficult topics and their practical aspect. Valuable suggestions have also been made for my project, which made it integrated and readable than it might otherwise have been. I hope that they will continue to mentor young people, because they have so much to offer. Last but not the least my heartfelt gratitude to all those persons who knowingly or unknowingly supported me and boosted my morale to make this project a reality.

Ajay Choudhary MBA (Full Time) 4th Sem

CERTIFICATE

This is to be certifying that the Major Research Project entitled Rural Tourism and

Sustainable Development in Madhya Pradesh has been accomplished by

Ajay Choudhary under my guidance and supervision. This Major Research Project is being submitted by him in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration (Full Time) from Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore. To the best of my knowledge and belief this work has not being submitted by her anywhere else for the reward of any degree or diploma without proper citation.

Signature of H.O.D.

Signature of the Guide

Dr.MANASRANJAN DASHMISHRA

Asst.Prof.Shruti PMaheshwari

DECLARATION

I, Ajay choudhary of M.B.A (Full Time) IV semester of Shri Vaishnav Institute of Management, Indore Hereby declare that the Major Research Project entitled Rural Tourism and

Sustainable Development in Madhya Pradesh is the outcome of my own work and the
same has not been submitted to any University/Institute for the reward of any degree or any Professional Diploma.

Signature

INDEX
S.No.

TITLE
Page No. 1.

Introduction
1.1 Overview 1.2 Contributions of Rural Tourism Industry 1.3 Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development 1.4 Opportunities in Tourism art & crafts in Madhya Pradesh 1.5 Sustainability and carrying capacity

2.

Review Of Literature

3.

Rational Of The Study

4.

Objectives

5.

Hypothesis

6.

Research Methodology

7.

Demographic profile of respondents

7.1 Age 7.2 Gender 7.3 Occupation

8.

Data Analysis

9.

Results

10.

Conclusion

11.

References
11.1 Webliography

12.

Annexes
12.1 Questionnaire 12.2 Data sheet

Introduction Rural Tourism focuses on participating in a rural lifestyle. It can be a variant of ecotourism.
Any village can be a tourist attraction, and many villagers are very hospitable. Agriculture is becoming highly mechanized and therefore requires less manual labor. This is causing economic pressure on some villages, leading to an exodus of young people to urban areas. 1.1 Overview

Tourism being a very developing prospective area in India has also got impetus and

tourism in

India has started growing with considerable pace. India is being fabulous country offering almost all the tourism products available under a single roof (destination). From marvelous beaches to exotic hills, from oldest civilization to the youngest paradigm shift, from still existing barter system to highly developed system market everything in available in India and this industry of tourism is really offering challenging and very bright future to the people of India. In rural parts generally following kinds of products are available viz. historical, heritage, natural based ,medication based, religious based, cultural based and man made. Which have got a great potential with respect development of tourism, also if certain constraint are removed this could be developed to their fullest excellent and there are certain great examples and certainly few countries where will showing public and political will these things have been made possible. All of them religious and historical type of rural tourism products are give much space for rural development. It is estimated world travelers will spend over US$ 7,060.3 billion as per estimates of World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) for year 2007.It is expected to grow at a rate of 3.9% in year 2007 and expected to contribute 3.6% to the GDP. Every 12th person in the world is engaged in travel & tourism industry for livelihood with 231,222,000 persons will be employed in this industry in 2007. It is estimated the India generate only US$ 61.0 billion as per the report of World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) for year 2007. It is expected to grow at a rate of 8.7% in year 2007 and expected to contribute 2.0% to the GDP. Every 18.3th person in the India is engaged in travel & tourism industry for livelihood with 25,607,000 persons will be employed in this industry in 2007. 5.5% of the total population will be engage in travel and tourism industry. 1.2 Contributions of Rural Tourism Industry:

Economic development Infrastructure development Employment generation Community development Restoration of culture Environmental preservation

Promotion of harmony and understanding

1.3 Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development The concept of sustainable development was introduced by the World Commission on Environment and Development in the Brundtland Report in 1987, defining sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present without ability of future generations to meet their own needs". Sustainable tourism refers to development in such a manner and at such a scale, that it remains viable over an indefinite period. It should neither degrade nor modify the existing environment to such a degree that prohibits development and well-being of other activities. The major concerns for sustainable development include: compromising the

1.3.1Economical sustainability: Economic sustainability refers to a level of economic gain from tourism that is sufficient to provide an appropriate income for the local community (compared to the inconvenience caused by the activities of the tourism sector) and to cover all the costs of any special measure taken to satisfy the tourists (thus a precondition of economic sustainability is the attractiveness of an area and the perceived high quality of its tourist supply: without being in a competitive position in the world market, no destination can be economically sustainable).

1.3.2 Ecological sustainability: Ecological sustainability, which means that tourism development does not cause irreversible changes in a given destination's ecosystem, is the most commonly accepted dimension, since there is an obvious need all over the world to protect natural resources from the negative impacts of tourism activities. The general growth of environment-awareness has significantly contributed to this trend.

1.3.3 Socio-cultural: Social sustainability refers to the ability of a community to absorb tourism (both the industry and the tourists themselves) without the creation of social disharmony. Cultural sustainability in the context of tourism assumes that a given community is able to retain

or adapt their own distinctive cultural traits against the pressure of both the so-called "tourist culture" and the "residual culture" of the visitors (Jafari, 1987).

1.3.4 Environmental sustainability, experiences suggest that considerable investment needs to be undertaken in the environmental management of vulnerable natural assets in order to make rural tourism in any sense sustainable. Tourists are usually most attracted by the industrially least developed regions, which are particularly sensitive to human interference. In addition, managed agricultural landscapes do not always meet the expectations of tourists based on the images of "traditional rural" landscapes represented in the tourist literature and in promotional materials.

2 OPPORTUNITIES IN TOURISM ART & CRAFTS IN MADHYA PRADESH 2.1 Artistic Leather Craft A fine example of contemporary art and craft, the Madhya Pradesh leather crafts owe their widespread popularity and development due to some innovative work done by gifted artists. 2.2 Brass & Bell Metal A many-splendored craft of Madhya pradesh.Handed down to generations of metalworkers. From domestic utensils for everyday use to vessels for observance of rituals, the emphasis is always on strength of form. From the depths of time and the earliest chapters of civilization, comes a craft that endures. 2.3 Ceramic This is a tradition built up in contemporary times-several centuries of interaction with foreign craftsmen and a legacy left us by many years of British rule. 2.4 Clay Dolls Clay fantasies of real-life stylized, sometimes even graphic in their representations, mark traditional Indian clay dolls and toys. Terracotta The earth turns and bears life, so does the potters wheel. Creating forms of plastic consciousness from ordinary clay to which multitudes have reacted, spontaneously, for aeons of time. "Nowhere in the world, the part played by traditional folk pottery is greater than in India," quotes a publication of the Geneva Museum of Ethnology. And how true it holds for the superb specimen by the master potters and clay craftsmen. Wood Carving

Wood is probably the most primitive material that was fashioned by man to suit his needs. Among those who turned wood carving into an art were the Kasthakaras or the ancient Sutradharas, traditional craftsmen who worked with wood, stone, earth and color.

SUSTAINABILITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY The detraditionalisation associated with modernity is also marked by a growing reflexivity both at individual and institutional levels (Urry, 1995, p87). As Urry (1995) points out, one of the most important consequences of this reflexivity is an increased concern for the environment, and a growing awareness of the links between the local and the global environment. In the shift from an industrial to a risk society (Eagles 1992), the need for development to be sustainable becomes paramount. Local communities become important in terms of actions taken to pretend their own natural environment, and also form part of wider alliances to preserve the environment globally (Richards & Hall, 2000). Place-based communities have become more interested to the concept of sustainability, which integrates environmental, economic, political, cultural and social considerations. In this way there is recognition that to be sustainable, the preservation of the natural environment must be grounded in the communities and societies, which exploit and depend upon it (Richards & Hall, 2000).

Review of Literature :
A thorough study was done on information available about tourism from various research papers, journals and literature. The literature surveyed can be classified as shown below: Tourism marketing Sustainable tourism Tourism trends Other related articles News articles The motivation behind most villages is to escape limitations and the urban routine life and the regulations opposite to the free will and voluntary

entertainment. Nevertheless, organizing the tourists is a crucial part in the procedures of rural tourism management (Taj, 2004).

The economic strategy in the regional development requires a small commerce perspective for rural tourism. In a two dimensional model, rural tourism is like a tile within a mosaic pattern. It helps consider a spot as a category to a regional planning, taking the regional system at the head category in order for hierarchical allocations to become equal as far as tourist attraction activities are concerned (Ziari ,2002) Critical work on tourism development focused on how the tourism industry often exploited colonial associations and turned to colonial power structures to promote and construct the industry in developing countries (Perez 1974, 1975;Britton 1982; Nash 1989).In response, tourism studies turned its attention to alternative forms of tourism, suggesting that these were more likely to overcome the exploitative dimensions of mass tourism in developing countries (Lea 1993; Brohman 1996; Khan 1997)The pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach can be seen as an attempt to take these questions into account and to target the benefits of tourism more directly towards poverty reduction (Brown and Hall 2008)PPT has been extensively debated in the literature, with critics arguing that it serves to facilitate a reinforcement of global inequalities by not taking into account broader power relations of global political economy (Harrison 2008).Scholars within tourism studies have long argued that tourism is a highly gendered industry (Kinnaird, Kothari and Hall 1994; Kinnaird and Hall 1996). Tourism has been particularly attractive to governments as a development strategy because of tourism expenditures strong multiplier effectthe phenomenon in which tourist dollars initiate increased spending on local goods and services, thereby promoting employment and growth in multiple sectors of industry (Wearing and Neil 22).According to Sharpley, given the variety of goods and services demanded by tourists in destination sitesincluding those from accommodation, local transport, and souvenirs"tourism potentially offers more opportunities than other industries for backward linkages throughout the local economy, whether directly meeting tourists needs, such as the provision of food to hotelsor through indirect links with, for example, the construction industry (Sharpley 15).The fact that tourism development is often based on already existing attractionssuch as wilderness areas, heritage sites, and beaches means that tourism frequently has relatively low start-up cost compared to other industries (Sharpley 15).The researchers and analysts hold the view that the rapid growth of tourism sector causes an increase of household incomes and government revenues through its multiplier effects, improvements in the balance of payments, and growth of the tourism industry by itself. As such,

the development of tourism has usually been considered a positive contribution to economic growth (Khan et al, 1995; Lee and Kwon, 1995; Lim, 1997 and Oh, 2005).Keeping in view such positive impact of tourism on economic growth many researchers have investigated the relationship between tourism sector development and economic growth in a country. Using Spains economic data, Balaguer and Cantavella-Jorda (2002) examine the role of tourism sector in the long-run economic development of the country. In Turkey, Tosun (1999), Guduz and Hatemi (2005) and Zortuk (2009) have also found empirical support for the tourism-led growth hypothesis. Dritsakis (2004) shows that tourism has a long-run economic growth effect for Greece. Oh (2005) on Korean tourism concluded that the increase in tourism income influences the economic growth. Kim et al (2006) examine the causal relationship between tourism development and economic growth in Taiwan and find a reciprocal relationship between tourism development and economic growth. Gmm Khalil et al (2007) examines the role of tourism in the short-run economic development in case of Pakistan through error correction model, and the Causal relationship between tourism receipts and economic expansion. The results points out that there is strong relationship among tourism, receipts and economic expansion which means that economic expansion is necessary for tourism development in Pakistan. Wickremasinghe and Ihalanayake (2006) investigate the issue that tourism industry leads to economic development for a developing country - Sri Lanka, using annual data from 1960 to 2000. The results of the study suggest that there is a significant causal relationship from tourism receipts to the GDP of Sri Lanka. Eugenio-Martin et al (2004) investigate the relationship between tourism and economic growth for Latin American countries from 1985 through 1998. The empirical results show that tourism development can contribute to the economic growth of medium or low-income countries, while such a role is unclear for developed countries. Comparing the relative growth performance of 14 tourism countries within a sample of 143 countries, Brau, Lanza, and Pigliaru (2003) and Lee and Chang (2008)

Rationale of the Study

The present study has been conducted in Indore And Bhopal, the sample respondents comprising both tourists from different socio-economic category of society . Though absence of infrastructural facilities is a major drawback for exploiting this potential, lack of well coordinated and properly directed efforts in marketing is also a reason behind the inability of the rural tourism industry to mobilize a good number of tourists from within and outside India. Past studies on the tourism industry in India have focused main on how to

sell the tourism product. But it is more important to view it from the tourists point of view.

This study will help to understand their perceptions and needs and thus aims to Exploit the full potential of rural tourism Improve the image of "rural tourism Increase tourist arrivals Combat the competition by newly developing tourist destinations This is an exploratory study which attempts to analyze various factors that effect rural tourism in the Places of Indore , Bhopal and Dhar with the help of questionnaire. The study basically concentrates on analyzing a tourists needs, preferences, perceptions and satisfaction. The study analyses the responses provided in the questionnaires by the tourists who have visited these places. The study analyses perceptions, preferences, and satisfactions of respondents.

Objectives :
1. 2. 3.

To study the potential of rural tourism for Madhya Pradesh To find out the impact of rural tourism to our society To develop some strategies to develop rural tourism

Research Methodology
Types of Research: Descriptive research The major objective with a descriptive research is to describe something, such as a population or phenomena. It seeks to answer who, what, where and how questions. Consequently a descriptive research doesnt give the answer to why questions, in other words, it doesnt give the explanations of the cause of the findings.

The Sample Profile

During the sample design process the target population is identified as well as the sampling frame, sampling technique and the size of the sample.

Sample Element
All Tour Planners and people planning for rural tours in Madhya Pradesh.

The Population
The population for the research includes all Tour Planners and people planning for Rural tours in Madhya Pradesh.

Sampling Frame
The sampling frame of the research is All Tour Planners and people planning for Rural tours in Madhya Pradesh.

The Techniques
In this study, the non probability convenience sampling technique will be used.

Sample Size
Around 50 tour operators and 50 customers will be selected for the study.

Data Collection
To collect Primary data a structure questionnaire using a five point likert scale will be developed including all dimensions above.

Preferred Location of Accommodation for Pleasure Trip (%)

Travel to a Rural Destination (%)

(Scale: 1 = Very Unimportant; 5 = Very Important)

15.0%

CONCLUSION The major roots of the global socio-ecological problems can be traced back to moral crises emerging from unsustainable consumption and a new vision of sustainable development, focused on holistic spiritual, moral, psychological, physical and intellectual approach units, human for development rural and instead of dominating :harnessing units) and

consumerism is the need of the hour propose a three pillar sustainable actors development endogenous potential, developing social capital (endogenous local/global neo-endogenous promoting local participative democracy. This approach draws from the endogenous potential for development dormant in rural areas and is quite appropriate for rural tourism too. Rural tourism as a green-coated reincarnation of the urban consumption paradigm cannot be a solution for the present day sustainability crisis. Unfortunately, even governments and community organizations are slow to understand this. The Government of Madhya Pradesh through the Ministry of Tourism is working round the clock to develop the tourism in order to make it an international and domestic tourist destination. A greater part Madhya Pradesh is made up of rural areas, which means that most of the touristic activities and features that this region can offer are based in the rural areas within Madhya Pradesh, The ironical part of it is that this area is well endowed
9.0%

with natural resources which have been majorly used for economic activities such as agriculture and trade. Natural wealth has not helped in reducing the poverty levels in this area and hence, another economic activity should be developed especially tourism in order to improve the wellbeing of the area. Most rural areas have been seen as production base agricultural raw materials and extractive units of mined materials declining economic activity, restructuring of the agricultural sector, dwindling rural industrialization and out-migration of higher educated youth, has led to the adoption, in many nations, of tourism as an alternative development strategy for the economic and social regeneration of rural areas.At some places community has used natural resource in agriculture and therefore cannot alleviate them from the poverty .Tourism industry depends on other sectors of the economy for its development .The attraction and activities in the division gives or makes the area have a great potential of tourism. The potential in this area is not well imaged, commoditized and packaged to tap the rural tourism potential of the area. The only way of encouraging rural area development is to encourage rural tourism (which means jungle) can be reimaged by doing afforestation on the non-residential side.In so doing, the image of jungle as the name suggests can then be used to market it as mass Attraction .This is in line with the project proposals of development plans. To facilitate the development of tourism in Madhya Pradesh, a provision of good roads networks to facilitate

tourists traffic and other physical infrastructure to stimulate development of tourist facilities should be considered. As the government is the prime provider of the above mentioned services, then process of imaging Madhya Pradesh area for rural tourism will depend on the input of government in physical infrastructures. A large proportion of problems experienced by entrepreneurial ventures center around management-related issues, such as inappropriate organizational structure, reluctance to delegate, absence of operational controls and predominance of informal decision-making. For organizations to progress beyond survival requires not only possession of management skills and leadership to include more defined human resource skills, planning and goal setting, financial management and the ability to manage people effectively. Tourism to provides contribute many to the opportunities provision for of small entrepreneurs tourism

experiences for financial gain. These opportunities occur in both the formal and informal sectors although, in reality, the distinction between the two may be blurred If the governments input is well propagated then tourists will come in large numbers to develop the rural tourism skills. This will consequently lead to economic development in rural areas as accrued by tourists expenditures. Sustainable rural tourism that can be employed on this area is agro forestry tourism. For it to be successful in this area the following must be put into consideration:

 While responsible behavior is expected of tourists, other stakeholders cannot be mere bystanders and critics. Something similar to the Total Responsibility Management (TRM) system being introduced in the corporate context has to be brought into the rural tourism scenario to ensure inspiration/vision, integration and improvement/innovation Forestry Research station should be developed more effectively: Any investor who has keen interest to invest in rural tourism should consult with the community and involve them in decision making. The local government has to exercise its mandate to guide development and establish ruraltourism by formulating policy and by-laws that will act as blue print to give the parameters of monitoring and evaluating rural area tourism Madhya Pradesh rural region.

When prefer percent

it a mix of

comes to however, of both

choosing the the majority that rural

location

of their Forty-four their

accommodation,

of the respondents they prefer

and urban settings.

respondents

indicated

accommodation to be in a rural setting in close proximity to an urban environment while 24 percent indicated that they prefer their accommodation to be in an urban setting in close proximity to a rural environment. Twenty percent indicated that they prefer to stay in a rural setting, with no requirement that it be close to an urban environment. Respondents from the US and other countries showed a greater preference for this type of

accommodation (30% and 31%, respectively).Overall 12 percent indicated that they favour accommodation in an urban setting with no requirement that it be close to a rural environment .Given their preference for travelling to and staying in rural areas,It is not surprising that 81 percent of the respondents had visited a destination in the past five years where the majority of their time was spent in rural areas.

Rural tourism could be a strategy for sustainable development for rural areas and also could be a tool for product differentiation for area that are at stagnation stage of the Destination Life Cycle model of Butler (1986). Although, Tourist commission advises that:
1. 2.

Not all areas are suitable for development Not all communities wish to be developed or are suitable for development

3.

Not all forms of tourism activity are acceptable in every location

References
Sanjay K (2008). Tourism-induced rural energy consumption in the annapurna region of Nepal, Tourism Manage., p. 29 Karan Singh, Indian Tourism-Aspects of a great adventure, Dept. of Tourism, New Delhi, 1980 Coltman, Michael M, Introduction to Travel and Tourism, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 2004 Briedenhann J, Wickens E (2004). Rural tourism-meeting the challenges of the new south Africa. Int. J. Tourism Res., 6. Cawley M, Marsat J (2007). Promoting integrated rural tourism:comparative perspectives on institutional networking in France and Ireland. Tourism Geogr., 9(4). Clark G, chabrel M (2007). Measuring integrated rural tourism. Tourism Geogr., 9(4). Ghaderi Z (2004). Sustainable tourism development planning principles in rural areas, organization municipalities and rural district country. Ghara NH (2008). Introduction to tourism development and hospitality, azad Islamic university branch najaf Abad, Hall D (2004). Rural tourism development in southeastern Europe:transition and the search for sustainability. Int. J. Tourism Res., 6. Hafez NM (2003). An introduction to the research method in humanities, samt publication, Khania P (2005). Develop the country tourism and achivment to piece and development a set of science articleabent tourism,obstacles and out come,azad Islamic university flaverjan Isfahan, Maddah M (2008). Tourism industry and regional production devling on Semnan Province limitation a set of national conference article about the a biliti obstacles of tourism development in Semnan Province, sem nan university, Papeli Y, Mohamad H, Mehdi S (2007). Tourism (nature and concepts), Samt publication, Rezvani A (2004). Geography and industrial tourism, payam nour University, Rezvani M (2005). An introduction to rural development planning in iran, Ghoumes Publication, Sharpley R (2002). Rural tourism, Translated by monshi zade, Rahmatolah and Fateme Nasiri, Entesharate Monshi. Saarinen J, kask T (2008). Transforming tourism spaces in changiog sociopolitical contexts:the case of parnu,Estonia,as a tourist destination. Tourism Geogr. 10(4). Taj S (2004). A model for ecotourism development 44, university azad

islami branch oloum o tahghighat, Tehran. The Censure Center of Iran (2006). 1. Beeton S., (1999), Rural tourism policy, Flagstaff, Arizona 2. Butler R., Hall M., Jenkins J., (1998) Tourism and recreation in rural areas, Wiley, Chichester 3. Cater E., Lowman G., (1994), Ecotourism: A sustainable option? Wiley, Sussex 4. Douglas N, Derrett R., (2001), Special Interest Tourism, Wiley, London 5. Dowling R., Moore S.A., Newsome D., (2001) Natural area tourism, ecology impacts and management, Channel View, New York 6. Eagles P., (1992), The planning and management of environmentally sensitive areas, Longman, London 7. Gartner W.C., (1987) Environmental impacts of recreational home developments, Annals of tourism research, Volume 10. No.2 8. Hall D., Brown F., (2000) Tourism in peripheral areas, Channel View, Clevedon 9. Holden A., (2000), Environment and tourism, Routledge, London 10. Lane B., (1994), What is rural tourism, Journal of sustainable tourism Volume 2, No.7 11. Mathieson A., Wall G., (1992), Tourism: economic, physical and social impacts, Longman, London 12. Mieczkowski Z., (1995), Environmental issues of tourism and recreation University press of America, Maryland

APPENDIX QUESSTIONAIRE I am Ajay choudhary student of M.B.A iv sem of shri vaishnav institute of management college indore undergoing as a research project .This is a part of my M.B.A programme and for completing thi project I need your cooperation.The quesionaire is specially focused on marketing sector and my research paper is Rural Tourism and sustainable development in madhya pradesh. The collected data will be used for academic purpose only.

1.For this question, please think about your general travel preferences. On a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree), to what extent do you agree with the following statements I generally prefer to travel to urban/city-based destinations. ( ) I generally prefer to travel to rural/countryside destinations. ( ) 2. When choosing a location for accommodation when travelling for pleasure, do you look for:

Accommodation in Accommodation in Accommodation in environment. ( ) Accommodation in environment. ( )

an urban setting. ( ) a rural setting. ( ) an urban setting in close proximity to a rural a rural setting in close proximity to an urban

3. In the past five years, have you travelled to a destination where the majority of your time was spent in a rural area? Yes ( ) No ( )

4. Why you want to visit a rural destination ? Select all that apply. I have been to rural destinations previously, but not in the past five years( ). I feel there is not enough to see and do in rural destinations. ( ) I feel there are not enough necessary amenities in rural destinations (e.g.: accommodations, restaurants, grocery stores, etc.). ( ) I have no interest in visiting rural destinations. ( ) I live in a rural area so I prefer to visit other types of destinations. ( ) I feel it is more difficult to get to rural destinations. ( ) I feel it is expensive to get to rural destinations( )

5 Environment conscious business are favoured by tourists Yes ( ) No ( ) 6 Tourists should pay extra fees to preserve the natural values of destinations. Yes ( ) No ( ) 7 Tourism income benefit total local population. Yes No

8 Consulting local interest group and civil organization I a waste of time and money. Yes ( ) No ( )

9 Tourism contributes to the increase in crime .

Yes ( )

No ( )

(No)