Cognitive Radio and Its Applications

Outline
•Background
•Cognitive Radio Definition
•Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Radio
•Applications of Cognitive Radio
•Challenges of Cognitive Radio
Backgroud：Spectrum Scarcity
¾ “Spectrum drought” ?
¾ How much spectrum is actually being used?
– Measured spectrum occupancy from 54 MHz to 3000
MHz
– Average occupancy 5.2%
– （Source, http://www.sharedspectrum.com）

¾ Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA)

– for example, secondary users use vacant spectrum
with guaranteeing non-interference to primary users
 Outline
•Background
•Cognitive Radio Definition
•Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Radio
•Applications of Cognitive Radio
•Challenges of Cognitive Radio
Cognitive Radio Definition
¾ Cognitive radio
– Coined by Joseph Mitola late in 1999.
– Spectrum sharing cognitive radio: DSA
– Full cognitive radio: both DSA and ultimate SDR
¾ CWT Cognitive Radio definition
– A transceiver that is aware of its environment and can
combine this awareness with knowledge of its user’s
priorities, needs, operational procedures, and governing
regulatory rules. It adapts to its environment and configures
itself in an appropriate fashion. The radio learns through
experience and is capable of generating solutions for
communications problems unforeseen by its designers
Definition
“Cognitive radio is an intelligent wireless communication system
that is aware of its surrounding environment (i.e. outside world),
and uses the methodology of understanding-by-building to learn
from the environment and adapt its internal states to statistical
variations in the incoming RF stimuli by making corresponding
changes in certain operating parameters (e.g., transmit power,
carrier frequency, and modulation strategy) in real-time, with two
primary objectives in mind:
• Highly reliable communications whenever and wherever needed;
• Efficient utilization of the radio spectrum.”

Source:“Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications,”

S. Haykin
Cognitive Radio
 Outline
•Background
•Cognitive Radio Definition
•Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Radio
•Applications of Cognitive Radio
•Challenges of Cognitive Radio
Spectrum Sharing CR
¾ IEEE Spectrum Sharing CR definition
– a radio frequency transceiver that is designed to
intelligently detect whether a particular segment of the
radio spectrum is currently in use, and to jump into
(and out of, as necessary) the temporarily-unused
spectrum very rapidly without interfering with the
transmissions of other authorized users.
¾ The most challenging technology is to agilely
detect signals even at low SNR sensitivity within a
wide frequency range
Spectrum Sharing CR Architecture
¾ Spectrum Sharing CR prototype is developed on a Cell
Broadband Engine powered Playstation 3 installed with
GNU Radio
¾ Focus on signal detection and classification algorithms
 Outline
•Background
•Cognitive Radio Definition
•Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Radio
•Applications of Cognitive Radio
•Challenges of Cognitive Radio
Applications of Cognitive Radio
¾Intelligent allocation of resources and
prioritization of tasks:
– Based on battery life, reduce the load on the
processor
– If a voice call comes through cache the
streaming audio download.
Public Safety Applications
¾ Public Safety Communication System
Requirements
– Rapidly deployable
– Support multiple services such as voice, data, etc.
efficiently
– Reliable
– Interoperable
– aim at providing universal interoperable communication
service of voice and data in public safety domain.
 Outline
•Background
•Cognitive Radio Definition
•Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Radio
•Applications of Cognitive Radio
•Challenges of Cognitive Radio
Challenges
¾ Hidden Node Problem
¾ Heterogeneous System Design
– Available channels:
– do not share the same propagation characteristics
– have different bandwidths
– change with time
¾ Frequency Assignment
– Find Common broadcast channel
– Find Frequency assignment for nodes
¾ Negotiation of Resources
¾Cognitive Radio will enable significant
efficiencies in the use of radio spectrum but
there are a number of significant challenges
that need to be overcome before we can
realize “full” cognition in a radio system.
¾Thank you!