INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print),

, ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (IJMET) TECHNOLOGY (2012), IAEME
ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359 (Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), pp. 573-593 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.html Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.8071 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJMET
IAEME

COMBINED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN MHD THREE-DIMENSIONAL POROUS FLOW WITH PERIODIC PERMEABILITY & HEAT ABSORPTION
Dr P.Ravinder Reddy 1
1

Dr K.Srihari2

Dr S. Raji Reddy2

Department of Mechanical Engineering, CBIT, Gandipet, Hyderabad, (A.P), India

2

500 075,+91-040-23518467,email:reddy_prr@yahoo.com, fax:+91-08413-234155 Department of Mathematics, Mahatma Gandhi institute of technology Gandipet, Hyderabad, (A.P), India, 500075.

ABSTRACT The paper analyzed the effects of mass transfer and heat sink on three-dimensional free convective heat transfer flow through a highly porous medium with periodic permeability, in the presence of transfers magnetic field. Assuming the free stream velocity to be uniform, solutions of governing equations of motion are obtained, using finite deference technique, which is more economical from computational view point. The results obtained for the velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, rate of heat and mass transfer are discussed and analyzed through graphs, to observe the effects of various flow parameters. It is found that the concentration of the species is higher for small values of Sc and lower for larger values of Sc. Also it is found that heat sink and magnetic field reduces the velocity of the fluid while heat transfer coefficient increases in the presence of heat absorption parameter. Key words Volumetric rate of heat absorption; Magnetic field; Porous medium; Periodic permeability; Finite deference technique.

573

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

INTRODUCTION Many natural phenomena and engineering applications are susceptible to magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) analysis. From technological point of view, magneto-hydrodynamic flow finds application in the fields of stellar and planetary magneto-spheres, aeronautics, meteorology, solar physics, cosmic fluid dynamics, chemical engineering, electronics, and induction flow metry, MHD generators, MHD accelerators, construction of turbine and other centrifugal machines. Due to its increasing importance in various technical applications using magneto hydrodynamic effect, it is desirable to extend many of the available hydrodynamic solutions for those cases when the viscous fluid is electrically conducting. Also, in the recent years, the flows through porous medium are of principal interest because these are quite prevalent in nature. Such Flows have many scientific and engineering applications, viz., in the fields of agricultural engineering to study the under ground water resources, seepage of water in river beds; in chemical engineering for filtration and purification processes In view of these applications, a series of investigations have been made by Raptis et al. [1-3] in to the steady flow past a vertical wall. Raptis [4] studied the unsteady flow through porous medium bounded by an infinite porous plate subjected to a constant suction and variable temperature. Raptis and Perdikis [5] further studied the problem of free convective flow through a porous medium bounded by a vertical porous plate with constant suction where the free stream velocity oscillates in time about a constant mean value. In all the studies mentioned above the permeability of the porous medium has been assumed as constant. In fact, a porous material containing the fluid is a non-homogeneous medium and there can be numerous in homogeneities present in a porous medium. Therefore, the permeability of the porous medium may not necessarily be constant. Sing and Suresh Kumar [6] have analyzed a free convective two dimensional unsteady flow through a highly porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical porous plate when the permeability of the medium fluctuates in time about a constant mean. Most of the investigators have restricted themselves to two-dimensional flows only by assuming either constant or time dependent permeability of the porous medium. However, there may arise situations where the flow field may be essentially three dimensional, for example, when variation of the permeability distribution is transverse to the potential flow. The effect of such a transverse permeability distribution of the porous medium bounded by horizontal flat plate has been studied by Sing and Verma [7] and Singh et al [8]. Recently, Singh and Sharma [9] studied the effect of transverse periodic variation of the permeability on the heat transfer and the free-convective of a viscous incompressible fluid through a highly porous medium bounded by a vertical porous plate. In addition to this, more recently, Jain et al [10] studied the effects of periodic temperature and periodic permeability on three-dimensional free convective flow through porous medium in slip flow regime. But, in all the above mentioned three-dimensional studies, the effects of mass transfer and heat sink in the presence of magnetic field have not been studied. Coupled heat and mass transfer phenomenon in porous media is gaining attention due to its interesting applications. Processes involving in heat and mass transfer in porous media are often encountered in the chemical industry, in reservoir engineering in connection with chemical recovery process, in the study dynamics of hot and salty springs of a sea. Underground spreading of chemical and other pollutants, grain storage and evaporation cooling. Also, the propagation of thermal energy in the presence of heat sink have great applications in various fields of energy, atomic pollutions, space science and in engineering and technology there are occasions where the heat sink is needed to maintain desired heat transfer.
574

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

In view of these applications, the aim of the present investigation is to study the effects of mass transfer and heat absorbing sink on three-dimensional free convective heat transfer flow with periodic permeability, under the influence of transfers magnetic field. In the present work, the effects of different flow parameters encountered in the equations were also studied. In the above stated three-dimensional studies, a series expansion method was employed to solve the fluid flow problem. But, the present problem has been solved numerically, using finite difference method, because it is more economical from computational view point. Mathematical analysis: We now consider the flow of a viscous fluid through a highly porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical porous plate with constant suction. The plate is lying vertically on the x*-z* plane with x*-axis taken along the plate in the upward direction. The y*-axis is taken normal to the plane of plate and directed into the fluid flowing laminarly with a uniform free stream velocity U. A magnetic field of uniform strength is applied normal to the flow, along y * -axis. The permeability of the porous medium is assumed to be of the form.

* K0 K (z ) = (1 + cos z * / L) * *

(1)

* Where K 0 is the mean permeability of the medium. L is the wavelength of the permeability

distribution and (<<1) is the amplitude of the permeability variation. The problem becomes threedimensional due to such a permeability variation. All fluid properties are assumed constant except that the influence of the density variation with temperature and concentration is considered only in the body force term.

575

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

Thus, denoting velocity components by u * , v * , w* in the directions of x * , y * , z * respectively and the temperature by the T* and concentration by C*, the flow through a highly porous medium is governed by following equations:

v * w* + =0 y * z *

(2)

v*

2u * 2u * B 2 u * u * * * + w * * = g (T * T ) + g * (C * C ) + *2 + *2 * (u * U ) 0 u * (3) y y * z z K
(4)

* 2v* 2v* * v * 1 p * * v v +w = + *2 + *2 * v y y * y * z * z K *

v*

2 w* 2 w* B 2 w * w * 1 p * + w* * = + *2 + *2 * w * 0 w * y z * y * z z K
T * y * + w* T * z * = k C p 2T * 2T * + *2 Q (T T ) y *2 z
576

(5)

v*

(6)

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME
* 2C * 2C * C * * C v +w = D *2 + *2 y y * z * z *

(7)

The boundary conditions of the problem are:

* * y * = 0; u * = 0, v * = V , w * = 0, T * = Tw , C * = C w * * * y * ; u * U , w * 0, p * p , T * T , C * C

(8)

* * * * where Tw and C w are the temperature and concentration of the plate, T and C are the temperature and * concentration of the fluid far away from the plate, p is a constant pressure in the free stream and V>0

is a constant and the negative sign indicates that suction towards the plate. Introducing the following non dimensional quantities:

y= w=

y* , L

z=

z* u* v* , u= , v= , L U V
(9)

* * C * C T * T w* p* , p= , = * , = * * * V U 2 Tw T C w C

in Eq. (2) to (7)., the following equations are obtained: v w + = 0 y z

(10)

(u 1) (1 + cos z ) M 2 u u 1 2u 2u +w = Gr Re + Gm Re + + 2 u (11) y z Re y 2 Re K 0 Re z (12)

v v p 1 2v 2v (1 + cos z ) v +w = + + 2 2 y z y Re y Re K 0 z w w p 1 2 w 2 w (1 + cos z ) w M 2 +w = + + w 2 y 2 y z z Re Re K 0 Re z 1 +w = y z Re Pr 1 +w = y z Re Sc

(13)

2 2 + 2 S y 2 z 2 2 + y 2 z 2

(14)

(15)

where

577

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME
* * g Tw T

Gr =

UV Gm =
Re = Sc =

(Grashof number)

* * g * C w C

UV

(Modified Grashof number)

C p VL (Reynolds number), Pr = (Prandtl number) k

* K0 (Schmidt number), K 0 = 2 (Permeability parameter) D L

M = B0 L

QL2 (Magnetic parameter), S = (Heat absorption parameter)

The corresponding boundary conditions reduce to

y = 0; u = 0, v = 1, w = 0, = 1, = 1
y ; u 1, w 1, p p , 0, 0 In order to solve the problem we assume the solutions of the following form because the amplitude (1) is very small: u ( y, z ) = u 0 ( y ) + u1 ( y, z ) + 2 u 2 ( y, z ) + ... u ( y, z ) = v0 ( y ) + v1 ( y, z ) + 2 v 2 ( y, z ) + ... w( y, z ) = w0 ( y ) + w1 ( y, z ) + 2 w2 ( y, z ) + ... p ( y, z ) = p 0 ( y ) + p1 ( y, z ) + 2 p 2 ( y, z ) + ...
( y , z ) = 0 ( y ) + 1 ( y , z ) + 2 2 ( y , z ) + . . .

(16)

(17)

( y, z ) = 0 ( y ) + 1 ( y, z ) + 2 2 ( y, z ) + ...
When = 0, the problem is reduced to the two-dimensional free convective flow through a porous medium with constant permeability which is governed by following equations:

dv0 =0 dy d 2u0 dy 2 v0 Re du 0 2 1 1 u 0 = Gr Re 2 0 Gm Re 2 0 M + dy K0 K0
578

(18)

(19)

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

d 2 0 dy
2

v0 Re Pr

d 0 S 0 = 0 dy d 0 = 0 dy

(20)

d 2 0 dy 2

v0 Re Sc

(21)

The corresponding boundary conditions become y = 0; u 0 = 0, v0 = 1, 0 = 1, 0 = 1 y ; u 0 1, p 0 p , 0 0, 0 0 The solutions of Eq. (18) to (21). under the boundary conditions (22) are given by
u 0 = 1 + (Gr0 + Gm1 1) . e R y Gr0 e r y Gm1e Re Sc y (23) (24) (25)

(22)

0 = e ry
0 = e Re Sc y with v0 = 1, w0 = 0 and p 0 = p

(26)

where

0 =

Re 2 , 2 1 2 r Re r M + K0 Re 2 1 Re Sc(Sc 1) M 2 + K0
2

r =

Re Pr + Re 2 Pr 2 + 4 S 2

1 =

Re Re 2 1 R = + + M2 + 2 4 K0

When 0, substituting (17) in Eq. (10) to (15). and comparing the coefficients of identical power of , neglecting the higher powers of , the following equations are obtained with the help of Eq. (26).:

579

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

v1 w1 + =0 y z
u0 u1 1 2u1 2u1 (u0 1) cos z + u1 M 2 v1 = G Re 1 + G1 Re 1 + + u1 y y Re y 2 Re K 0 Re z 2 v1 p1 1 2v1 2v1 (v1 cos z ) = + + 2 Re K 0 y y Re y 2 z
2 w1 p 1 2 w1 2 w1 w1 M w = 1+ + 1 y z Re y 2 z 2 Re K 0 Re

(27)

(28)

(29)

(30)

v1

0 1 1 21 21 S1 = + y y Re Pr y 2 z 2 0 1 1 21 21 = + y y Re Sc y 2 z 2

(31)

v1

(32)

The corresponding boundary conditions are:

y = 0; u1 = 0, v1 = 0, w1 = 0, 1 = 0, 1 = 0 y ; u1 0, w1 0, p1 0, 1 0, 1 0

(33)

Eq. (27) to (32). are the partial differential equations, which describe free convective threedimensional flow. In order to solve these equations we shall first consider (27), (29) and (30), being independent of the main flow component u1 , temperature field 1 and concentration field 1 . In the following form, v1 , w1 and p1 are assumed:

v1 ( y, z ) = v11 ( y ) cos z
w1 ( y, z ) =

(34) (35) (36)

v11 ( y ) sin z

p1 ( y, z ) = p11 ( y ) cos z

Where the prime in v11 ( y ) denotes the differentiation with respect to y. Expressions for v1 ( y , z )
and w1 ( y , z ) have been chosen so that the equation of continuity (28) is satisfied. Substituting the expressions (34), (35) & (36) in (29) and (30), the following differential equations can be obtained:
580

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

v11 = p11 +

1 2 1 v11 v11 + (v11 + 1) Re Re K 0

(37)

v 11 v 11 1 v 11 M 2 = p 11 + v 11 v 11 Re Re Re K 0

(38)

Eliminating the terms p11 , p11 in Eq. (37) and (38)., the following is obtained.
1 2 iv v11 + Re v11 M 2 + + 2 2 v11 Re 2 v11 + 4 + K0 K0
2 v11 + = 0 K0

(39)

The corresponding boundary conditions become . (40) y : v11 = 0 In order to solve the differential Eq. (28), (31) and (32). for u1 ,1 and 1 respectively, the following are assumed
y = 0 : v11 = 0, v11 = 0

u1 ( y, z ) = u11 ( y ) cos z

(41) (42) (43)

1 ( y, z ) = 11 ( y ) cos z 1 ( y, z ) = 11 ( y ) cos z .
1 u 1 u11 + Re u11 M 2 + + 2 u11 = Re v11u0 G Re 2 11 G1 Re 2 11 + 0 K0 K0
11 + Re Pr 11 211 = Re Pr v11 0 11 + Re Sc11 211 = Re Sc v11 0

Substituting the above equations in (28), (31) and (32), the following equations can be obtained: (44) (45) (46)

with corresponding boundary conditions

y = 0 : u11 = 0, 11 = 0, 11 = 0 y : u11 0, 11 0, 11 0 .
Substituting the following finite difference formulae
v11 (i ) = v11 (i ) = v11 (i + 1) v11 (i 1) 2h v11 (i + 1) 2v11 (i ) + v11 (i 1) h2

(47)

581

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

v11 (i ) =
iv v11 (i ) =

v11 (i + 2) 2v11 (i + 1) + 2v11 (i 1) v11 (i 2) 2h 3 v11 (i + 2) 4v11 (i + 1) + 6v11 (i ) 4v11 (i 1) + v11 (i 2) h4

in Eq. (39)., we get

A1v11 (i + 2) A2 v11 (i + 1) + A3 v11 (i ) A4 v11 (i 1) + A5 v11 (i 2) + 2

2h4
K0

=0

(48)

where

A1 = 2 + Re h
1 A2 = 8 + 2 Re h + 2h 2 M 2 + + 22 + Re h32 K0
2 1 A3 = 12 + 4h 2 M 2 + + 22 + 2h 4 4 + K0 K0

1 A4 = 8 2 Re h + 2h 2 M 2 + + 22 Re h32 K0
A5 = 2 Re h .

Substitution of similar finite difference formulae in Eq. (44) to (46)., the following obtained:
A1u11 (i + 1) B1u11 (i ) + A5 u11 (i 1) = B (i ) D1 (i + 1) D2 (i ) + D3 (i 1) = D (i ) E1 (i + 1) D2 (i ) + E 3 (i 1) = E (i )

equations are

(49) (50) (51)

where A1 , A5 , 0 , 1 and R have already been defined and

D1 = 2 + Re Pr h
D2 = 4 + 2 2 h 2 D3 = 2 Re Pr h D (i ) = 2(h Re Pr ) 2 v11(i )e Re Pr ih

E1 = 2 + Re Sch
E3 = 2 Re Sc h
582

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

E (i ) = 2(h Re Sc) 2 v11(i )e Re Sc ih

1 B1 = 4 + 2h 2 M 2 + + 2 K0

B(i ) = Rev11(i ) B2 (i ) 2(h Re)2 (G(i ) + G1(i ) ) +

2h 2 B3 (i ) K0

where B2 (i ) = G0 Re Pr e Re Pr ih + G11 Re Sce Re Sc ih R (G0 + G11 1)e R ih

B3 (i ) = G0e Re Pr ih G11e Re Sc ih + (G0 + G11 1)e R ih .

Eq. (48), (49), (50) and (51). have been solved by Gauss-seidel iteration method for velocity, temperature and concentration. Also, numerical solutions for these equations have been obtained, using C-Program. To prove convergence of finite difference scheme, the computation is carried out for slightly changed value of h , running same program. Negligible change is observed in the values
u , and and also after each cycle of iteration the convergence checking is performed, i.e.

u n +1 u n < 10 8 , is satisfied at all points. Thus, it is concluded that the finite difference scheme is convergent and stable.

Skin-Friction coefficient:
We now discuss the important characteristics of the problem, knowing the velocity field we can obtain the expressions for the skin friction components in the x * -direction in the non-dimensional form as:

* u = = UV VL y y =0
=

1 du0 du11 dy + dy cos z Re y =0

(52)

Nusselt -number:
From the temperature field the rate of heat transfer coefficient in terms of Nusselt number N u is given by

583

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

Nu =

q* k = * * VC p L y y =0 VC p Tw T

1 d0 d11 dy + dy cos z Re Pr y =0

(53)

Sherwood - number
Knowing the concentration field, the expression for the rate of mass transfer in terms of modified Nusselt number is given by
* q1 D D N u = = * * V C w C VL y y = 0

1 d 0 d11 dy + dy cos z Re Sc y =0

(54)

Results and discussion:

In order to get the physical insight of the problem, numerical calculations are carried out for different flow parameters such as Heat absorption Parameter S, Grashof number Gr, Modified Grashof number Gm, Magnetic parameter M, Permeability Parameter K0, Reynolds number Re, Prandtl number (Pr) and Schmidt number (Sc) are studied. During the course of numerical calculations, the values of Pr are chosen to be 0.71 &1.0 corresponding to air and electrolytic solution. But the propagation of thermal energy through electrolytic solution in the presence of heat absorbing sink and magnetic field has wide range of applications in chemical, aeronautical engineering and atomic propulsion space science.

Fig. 1. shows the effect of free convection parameter Gr on velocity field u for cooling of the plate both in the presence and absence of heat absorption parameter. It is observed that the velocity increases due to greater cooling of the channel (as Gr increases). Further, it is interesting to note that the velocity of fluid decreases in the presence of heat absorption parameter. In Fig. 2. the effects of Gm, K on velocity field u has been exhibited by the curves both in presence and absence of heat absorption. It is observed that an increase in Gm and K leads to an increase in the velocity, but it decreases in the presence of heat absorption. This is in good agreement with the physical fact that heat sink decreases the velocity of the fluid.

584

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

Fig. 3. and Fig. 4. are drawn for various values S and M respectively; on velocity field u. it is observed from these figures that the velocity of the fluid decreases with the increase of heat absorption and magnetic parameter. Fig. 5. reveals that an increase in Pr and Sc decreases the velocity when in the presence of heat absorption parameter.

Fig. 6. display the effects of Re and Pr on temperature profile in the presence of heat absorption. From this it is evident that the fluid temperature decreases due to increase in the Pr. This is in agreement with the physical fact that the thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with increase in Pr. The reason underlying such a behavior is that the high prandtl number fluid has a low thermal conductivity. This results in the reduction of the thermal boundary layer thickness. This figure also shows that an increase in heat absorption parameter and Reynolds number leads to decrease in the temperature of the fluid. Further, it is interesting to note that the effect of heat absorption on temperature is more significant than in the case of velocity field.

Fig. 7. depicts the species concentration for different gases like Hydrogen (H2: Sc=0.22), Oxygen (O2: Sc=0.66) and methanol (Sc=1.0) at a temperature 250C and 1 atmospheric pressure. The values of Schmidt number (Sc) are chosen to represent the most common diffusing chemical species which are of interest. A comparison of the curves in the figure shows a decrease in concentration distribution with an increase in Schmidt number because the smaller values of Sc are equalent to increasing chemical molecular diffusivity (D). Hence, the concentration of the species is higher for small values of Sc and lower for larger values of Sc. This figure also shows that an increase in Re, decreases the concentration field. In Fig. 8. the non-dimensional skin-friction coefficient plotted against the Reynolds number for different values of Gr, Gm and S. it is evident from this figure that the skin-friction increases with the increase of Gr and Gm while it decreases in the presence of heat absorption parameter S. Fig. 9. is plotted for non-dimensional heat transfer coefficient versus Reynolds number for different values of S and Pr .It is observed that the heat transfer coefficient increases in the presence of heat absorption but, it decreases with the increase of Pr. In Fig. 10. variation of the non-dimensional mass transfer

585

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

coefficient is plotted against the Reynolds number for various values of Sc. It has been observed that the mass transfer coefficient decreases as the value of Sc decreases.

CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions have been drawn from the above results: 1. The effect of a heat absorbing sink on steady incompressible three-dimensional fluid flow through a highly porous medium is to suppress the velocity and temperature fields, which is turn, causes the enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient. 2. The velocity of a fluid decreases in the presence magnetic field. This due to the fact that magnetic field reduces the velocity field. 3. The effect of heat absorption parameter on temperature field is more significant than in the case of velocity field. 4. The concentration of the species is higher for small values of Sc and lower for larger values of Sc.

5.

This problem has been solved numerically, using finite difference technique and the results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental results, as valid in the literature.

Nomenclature
G Acceleration due to gravity Coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion Coefficient of mass expansion Pressure Density Kinematics viscosity Viscosity

*
p*

586

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

k Cp D
* Cw * Tw * T * C

Thermal conductivity Specific heat at constant pressure Concentration diffusivity Concentration of the plate Temperature of the plate, Temperature of the fluid far away from the plate Concentration of the fluid far away from the plate Grashof number Modified Grashof number Reynolds number Magnetic field component Schmidt number Permeability parameter Magnetic parameter Volumetric rate of Heat absorption Heat absorption parameter

Gr Gm Re B0 Sc K0 M Q S

587

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME
8 7

____ ------Gr=15.0

S=0.0 S=2.0

<........u.......>

5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.5

Gr=10.0 Gr=5.0 Gr=1.0

<......y.......>

1.5

Fig.1- Effect of Gr on velocity field u when Gm=1.0, Re=5.0, M=1.0, KO=1.0, Pr=0.71, Sc=0.66, =0.1 and Z=0.0

3.5 3 2.5 <.......u........>

4
1) 2) 3) 4)

Gm 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0

K0 1.0 1.0 4.0 1.0

S 0.0 2.0 0.0 2.0

2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 0.5

3
1

1 <.......y.......>

1.5

Fig.2-Effects of Gm, K0 and S on velocity field u when Gr=1.0, M=1.0, Re=5.0, Pr=0.71, Sc=0.66, =0.1 and Z=0.0

588

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

2 1.8 1.6 1.4

<.......u........>

S=0.0 S=1.0 S=2.0 S=3.0

1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.4

<.......y........>

0.6

0.8

Fig.3- Effect of S on velocity field u when Gr=1.0, Gm=1.0, Re=5.0, K0=1.0, M=1.0, Pr=0.71, Sc=0.66, =0.1 and Z=0.0

2 1.8 1.6 1.4

<.......u.........>

M=0.0 M=1.0 M=2.0 M=3.0

1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5

<.......y........>

1.5

Fig.4-Effect of M on velocity field u when Gr=1.0, Gm=1.0, Re=5.0, K0 =1.0, Pr=0.71, Sc=0.66, S=1.0, =0.1 and Z=0.0
589

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

2 1.8
1) 2) 3) 4)

1
1.6

2
1.4 <.......u.......> 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5 <......y........> 1

Pr 0.71 0.71 7.0 0.71

Sc 0.66 0.66 0.66 2.62

S 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

3 4

1.5

Fig.5-Effects of Pr and Sc on velocity field u when Gr=1.0, Gm=1.0, Re=5.0, K0=1.0, M=1.0, =0.1 and Z=0.0

1.2

0.8

Re 1) 2.0 2) 2.0 3) 5.0 4) 5.0 5) 10.0 1

Pr 0.71 0.71 0.71 1.0 0.71

S 0.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

0.6

2 3

0.4

4 5

0.2

0 0 1 2 <.........y..........>. 3 4

Fig.6-Effects of Re, Pr and S on Temperature field when M=1.0, K0=1.0, =0.1 and Z=0.0

590

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

1.2 Re 1) 5.0 2) 5.0 3) 5.0 4) 10.0 Sc 0.22 0.66 1.0 0.22

0.8

0.6

1 2

0.4

3 4

0.2

0 0 1 <........y.........> 2 3 4

Fig.7- Effects of Re and Sc on Concentration field when M=1.0, Ko=1.0, =0.1 and Z=0.0

9 8 7
Skin-frictio n

Gr=1.0,Gm=1.0,S=0.0 Gr=1.0,Gm=1.0,S=2.0 Gr=5.0,Gm=1.0,S=2.0 Gr=1.0,Gm=5.0,S=2.0

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
<-------- Re-------->

Fig.8-Effect of S, Gr and Gm on Skin-friction Coefficient when M=1.0,Ko=1.0, Pr=0.71, Sc=0.66, =0.1 and Z=0.0
591

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

1 0.9 0.8 0.7

S=0.0 S=2.0 Pr=0.71

<.......Nu..........>

0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

<........Re..........>

Fig.9-Effect of S and Pr on Nusselt number Nu when M=1.0, Ko=1.0, =0.1 and Z=0.0

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 <........Sh........> 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 5 10 15 20 <.........Re........> 25 30

Sc=0.22 Sc=0.66 Sc=1.0

Fig.10-Effect of Sc on Sherwood number Sh when Re=5.0, M=1.0, Ko=1.0, =0.1 and Z=0.0
592

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), IAEME

REFERENCES
1. A. Raptis, G. Perdikis and G. Tzirandis, 1981a, "Free convection flow through a porous medium bounded by a vertical surface, J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 14, pp. 99-102. 2. A. Raptis, G. Tzirandis and N. Kafousias, 1981b, Free convection and mass transfer flow through a porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical limiting surface with constant suction, Letters Heat Mass Transfer, 8, pp. 417-24. 3. A. Raptis, N. Kafousis and C. Massalas, 1982, Free convection and mass transfer flow through a porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical porous plate with constant heat flux, ZAMM, 62, pp. 489-91. 4. A.Raptis, 1983, Unsteady free convective flow through a porous medium, Int.J. Engng. Sci. 21, pp.345-48. 5. A.Raptis and C.P.Perdikis, 1985, Oscillatory flow through a porous medium by the presence of free convective flow, Int. J. Engng Sci.23, pp. 51-55. 6. K.D. Singh and Suresh Kumar, 1993, Two dimensional unsteady free convective flow through a porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical porous plate with periodic permeability, J. Math. Phys. Sci. 27, pp. 141-48. 7. K.D. Singh and G.N. Verma, 1995, Three dimensional oscillatory flow thorough a porous medium with periodic permeability, ZAMM 75, pp. 599-604. 8. K.D. Singh, Khem Chand and G.N. Verma, 1995, Heat transfer in a three dimensional flow through a porous medium with periodic permeability, ZAMM 75, pp. 950-52. 9. K.D. Singh and Rakesh Sharma, 2002, Three dimensional free convective flow and heat transfer through a porous medium with periodic permeability, Indian J. pure appl. Math. 33(6), pp. 941-949. 10. N.C.Jain, B. Sharma and D.K. Vijay, 2006, Three dimensional free convective flow heat transfer flow through a porous medium with periodic permeability in slip Flow regime, J. Energy, Heat &Mass transfer, 28(1), pp. 29-44.

593