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(fJzNo B?;aBb f;Zy fw;aBoh)
(w'pH 98551^51699)

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ezfgT{No NkJhfgzr
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gfNnkbk.

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gfjbh n?vh;aB i{B 2007

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91^ftfdnk Bro, ;kjwD/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,
gfNnkbk (gzikp). w'pH L 98144^55582
 ro[V uVQ/ r'fpzd nkfJbk
(gzBk Lññöö)
^gq'H ;[yftzdo f;zx wM?b,
gq'L fJzdo f;zx ‘xZrk’

f;Zy ;wki dk nkbk^d[nkbk pqjkwDh eoweKvk Bkb Gfonk fgnk

j?. fJ; wBwZs dk ozr f;Zy gfotkoK s/ ufVnk ;fji/ jh t/y ;ed/ jK.
;fsr[o{ ;kfjpkB ns/ pkDh ou?sk Grs ;kfjpkB, feT[Afe J/;/ jh Gkosh fyZs/
ftu gqrN/ ;B, fJ; bJh T[BQK dh fbys ftu J/E'A dh Ppdktbh tosh ikDh
;[Gkte ;h. fit/A Grs epho ih B/ nkgD/ feZs/ yZvh, s/ fJbke/ dh Ppdktbh
tosh j? fJ;/ soQK Grs cohd ih B/ th w[;bwkBh T[dkjoDk s/ Ppdktbh
tosh j? fit/A w[;Zbk, r'o, w;hs, pKr, fBwkI, nkfde ns/ pkeh ;ko/
wjkg[oPK B/ nkgD/ fJbke/ ns/ ;wki dhnK gquZfbs T[dkjoDK B{z r[owfs dh
ozrs d/ e/ ;kv/ ;kjwD/ oZfynk j?. fjzd{ d/th^d/tfsnK d/ Bkw, T[BQK tZb'A ehs/
e[M
Z uzr,/ e[M
Z wzd/ ezwK dk Gh fIeo j?. fJ;/ soQK Boe^;[or, u[ok;h bZy i{BK,
uko i[Zr nkfde iB ;kXkoD dh I[pkB s/ uVQ/ j'J/ ;B. ;' f;Zy gzE d/ g?rzpoK
fJ;dh T[fus tos'A eo bJh. Gkt/A fe T[jBK fe;/ \k; B[es/ B{z ;wMkT[D bJh
fJj sohek tofsnk ;h. go f;Zy gqukoeK dh e'Jh T[u/oh gVQkJh Bk j'D
eoe/ , T[ j fjzd{ g"okfDe ejkDhnK B{z jh r[owfs dk b/pb bk e/ ;N/iK s/
;[DkJh ik oj/ ;B. id'A T[go tofDs ejkDh B{z oZd eoB tkbk gqwkD Gh
r[opkDh ftu jh w"i{d j[zd/ jB. fco eh ehsk ikt/ fJBQK ejkDhnK dk <
r[opkDh d/;ko/ gfjb{ ftuko^goy e/ “ > ” dh e/Adoh thukoXkok B{z ;Bw[y
oZy e/, yzvB ns/ wzvB tkb/ PpdK B{z ;wM e/ jh gktB r[opkDh d/ noE eoB/
T[fus jB. u/s/ oj/ fe \kbk;k gzE fJZe nekb g[oy B{z wzBD tkbk j?, fe;/
1
ebgs d/th^d/tfsnK dk g[Ikoh BjhA j?. r[opkDh d/ jh gftZso puBK d[nkok
fJ; ;ukJh B{z gqrN ehsk ik ;edk j?. tke jB L^ “fJek pkDh fJe[ r[o[ fJe'
;pd[ thukfo]” (gzBk ^ 646) fJj Gh ;dk :kd oj/ fe r[opkDh ftu
do;kfJnk gow/Po “ni{Bh” j?, fBo neko j?”. fco ;oho XkoB eoe/,
S'Nk fijk fyb"Dk pDe/, ;kv/ ;kjwD/ fet/A nk ;edk j?< id'A fe ;koh ekfJBks
jh T[;dk nkgDk Ij{o (;or[D o{g) j?. i/ e'Jh fJj nky/ fe oZp iBw b?Adk
j? sK T[; goEkfJ ;fsr[o{ ih dh ;\s skVBk fJT[A j? “;' w[y[ ibT[ fis[ ejfj
mke[o i'Bh” (gzBk ^1136) fJBQK gquZbs eEk ejkDhnK ftu nkw eoe/ ftzr/
N/Y/ Yzr d[nkok pqkjwD tZb'A gqukfonk e{V epkV jh wB[Zy d/ gZb/ g?Adk j?.
;dhnK s'A Gkos toP }[bkwh dhnK IzIhoK ftu iefVnk fojk, nkIkdh tk;s/
gq/oBk d/D tkbhnK eEktK dh EK s/ rT{ fiT[Adh eoBh, pqkjwD dh w[;hps d{o
eoBh, fe;/ }?ph Pesh tZbA' d[y
Z d{o eoB/, to d/ e/ wkbk^wkb eo d/Dk, ;okg
d/ e/ G;wkG{s eo d/Dk, Xkr/^wzsoK, ikd{rohnK ftu jh e[ b wB[ Z y sk B{ z
gkrb pDk e/ oZy fdZsk frnk. Bkwd/t ih dh PkBdko db/ o h ns/ fdqVsk
B{ z xZ N / o' b fdZ s k frnk j? . gfjb' A e[ Z M pj[ s jh gq f ;Z X ejkDhnK d/
doPB eo' , gVQ ' , thuko' s/ fco Bkwd/ t ih d/ Ppd B{ z ftfrnkBe
BIohJ/ s' A tkuhJ/ L ^
;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dk ftukoXkoe Nkeok sK pqjkwD Bkb T[d'A
jh P[o{ j' frnk id'A pkb T[wo/ gq'fjs jfofdnkb izR{ gkT[D dh o;w fBGkT[D
bZrk ;h.fJ; goEkJ/ Ppd nk;k eh tko ftu w"I{d j? L^
dfJnk egkj ;zs'y[ ;{s[ is[ rzYh ;s[ tN[]
J/j[ iB/T{ ihn ek jJh s gkv/ xs[ ]
Bk J/j[ s[N? B wb[ br? B J/j[ ib? B ikfJ ]
XzB[ ;' wkD; BkBek i' rfb ub/ gkfJ ] ( gzBk ^ 471)
2
 fco pknd ftu Gh ;fsr[o{ ih B/ jo soQK d/ gkyzv ikb B{z bho'^bho
eoB ftu e'Jh e;o pkeh BjhA SZvh. nDfrDs sohfenK Bkb G'b/ b'eK B{z i'
PqD
/ h b[N
Z dh nkojh ;h. n?P tkbh fIzdrh pshs eo ojh;h ns/ T[BKQ ;/teK e'bA'
g{ik th eotk ojh ;h, Gbk T[; w[[|s dh ewkJh s/ gbD tkb/ ‘‘goihth’’ B{z
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dk “;Zu'^;Zu” fet/A ;zx'A T[skodk< fJ; Pq/Dh B{z ;dhnK
s'A iBwIks rZdh y[Z;dh wfj;{; j'Jh. ftjfbnK B{z gqkgs j' fojk jbtk^wzvk
pzd j[zdk ;k| BIo nkfJnk. “g{iD:'r d/ts/” dh wjkB gdth fy;edh ;k|
fd; gJh. fJj Gh ;gZPN j? fe i/ fJj okythnK gdthnK s'A Xowdk b/pb
T[Zso frnk sK y/sK ftu jZv^GzBthA w[FPZes eoBh gt/rh. o'Nh d/ bkb/ nbZr
g? ikDr/, frDsh “Bht/A b'eK” ftu j'D bZr/rh. fJj Pq/Dh GftZy pko/ pj[s
u/ s z B ;h. fJ; bJh fJBQ K iE/ p z d e o{ g ftu r[ o { xo fto[ Z X iz r S/ v
fdZ s h. fJ; iz r d/ o{ g iK fdFPktK nbZ r ^nbZ r ;B$jB.
T[BKQ ;fwnK ftu nZyo frnkB sK BKj d/ pokpo jh ;h. fizBk e[ j?;h
T[j “okyt/A Xow” d[nkok pqjkwDh wbehns ;h. r[o{ ;kfjpkB pko/ id'A Gh
e[ZM fbfynk frnk sK gVQh fbyh Pq/Dh j'D eoe/ pqkjwD tZb'A jh fbfynk frnk
. i/ fe;/ j'o Pq/Dh d/ ftnesh B/ fbfynk Gh sK T[;B{z “nBgVQ rtko” nkye/
skBQ/ wko/ rJ/. iK fco nkgDh fbys “pqkjwD ftdtkBK s'A gqtkB” eokT[Dh
gJh. f;ZyK ftu'A fJ; wko s'A GkJh ;kfjp r[odk; ih s/ GkJh Bzd bkb f;zx
ih jh w[es j' ;e/ jB. iBw ;kyhnK ftu “;G nZSk BjhA j?.” pj[s ;kok
nzP r[opkDh dh o'PBh ftu ;'X/ ikD dh wzr eodk j?. fJ; s'A pknd Gkt/A
fteb'so/ s"o s/ eJh fJZe g[;seK fbyhnK rJhnK, fiBQK ftu pqkjwDh sZs
\soBke jZe sZe Gko{ jB. fJ; wkwb/ ftu GkJh ;zs'y f;zx, r[o gqskg ;{oi
rqzE (gquZbs Bkw ;{oi gqekP) tork tZv nkekoh rqzE fbye/ ;kfonK s'A nZr/

3
fBeb frnk. fJ; ftu fe;/ B{z e'Jh PZe BjhA fe GkJh ;zs'y f;zx T[Zu e'Nh dk
eth, s/ frnkB dk wkbe ;h. T[;dh ftdtsk ekoB jh pj[s ;ko/ r[o { ^ xoK
ftu nZ i sZ e ;{ o i gq e kP dh eEk fBoz s o j' ojh j? . go fJ; rq z E ftu
ni/ j k w?No tZvh skdkd ftu gqsZy fd; g?Adk j?, i' r[owfs dh e;tZNh,
r[opkDh s/ yok BjhA T[sodk. fJj Gh ;zGt j? e/ GkJh ;kfjp d/ nekb^ubkD/
(1843) s'A pknd, gzE d'yhnK B/ ob/ gk fdZs/ j'D. fJ; fbys dk sZs;ko fJj
j? fe gkmeK B{z nfj;k; eokfJnk ik ;e/ fe fet/A pqkjwDK ns/ rT{nK s/
w[;hpsK nkT[AdhnK jB. f;Zy fet/A T[BQK dh oZfynk tk;s/ ikBK fBSkto eod/
jB. p; fJj' fJZe B[esk y'bQD dk :sB ehsk ikt/rk. gJh rT{ s/ w[Peb
nkT[Adh j?, eh edh wZM iK x'Vh s/ e'Jh ePN BjhA nkT[Adk< pqjkwDhnK dh
fJZIs B{z \sok j' iKdk j?, (pj[shnK ;kyhnK) eh fe;/ j'o Po/Dh dh n"os s/
w[;hpsK BjhA nkJhnK < eh ;ko/ fJB;kB s/ ;ko/ gP{ (vzro) fJZe' fij/ BjhA
< nrb/ gzfBnK s/ fJ; ftuko B{z y'fbQnk ik fojk j?L^
1H r[ o { BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ nkrwB dh gz f vs B/ GftZ y ^pkDh ehsh.
ny/ fJBQ K d/ uoBK s/ d[ B hnK M[ e / r h, pkdPkj Gh BwPekoK
eoBr/, Bkw fJBQK dk BkBe oZy'HHH go eh ;Zu^w[Zu pqkjwD b'e GftZy
pko/ ikDd/ ;B$jB< fco id'A ;dhnK sZe Gkos b[NhAdk fojk, phphnK
Ne/^Ne/ B{z fBbkw j[zdhnK ojhnK, wzdo Yfjzd/ oj/, esb'^rkos j[zdh
ojhHHH eh fJBQK d[ZyK^w[;hpsK dk Gh pqkjwDK B{z gfjbK gsk bZr frnk
;h< fco pukT[ dk e'Jh gqpzX feT[A Bk ehsk frnk< n;b rZb fJj
j? fe g[oksB iBw ;kyh (;kfonK s'A g[okDh) ;zB 1630 d/ B/V/, fe;/
f;Zy tZb'A fbyh rJh j?. T[d'A sZe i' rZbK r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih pko/
gquZbs ;B, T[BQK B{z jh soshp d/ e/ fby fdZsk frnk j?. eJh fJZe

4
 pknd tkbhnK ;kyhnK B{z GftZy ftu T[ukohnK fby fdZsk j?, i' T[fus
BjhA j?.;[u/s j'D dh b'V j?.
2H ;fsr[o{ nwodk; ih d/ g?o ftu “gdw” t/y e/ gzfvs d[ork dZs B/
GftZypkDh ehsh fe “s[;hA tZv/ ueotosh oki/ iK ;fseko:' r
Xkowe ;yPhns pD' r / . ” nro gzfvs GftZy^pkDh Bk eodk fco
eh pDdk< r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp fe;/ gz f vs dh GftZ y ^pkDh s' A fpBK
jh r[ o { do s/ gq t kB j' rJ/ . ;fsr[ o { BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ T[BQK B{z
nkgDh rZdh d/ tkfo; fe;/ pqkjwD d/ nky/ sK BjhA pDkfJnk <
3H u " E / gk sP k j ; f s r [o { o kw d k; n f s dh }oh ph f t u
gb/, fe;/ pqkjwD B/ T[BQK pko/ GftZypkDh BjhA ehsh. ;fsr[o{ noiB
;kfjp ih pko/ GftZypkDh eoB bJh e'Jh pqkjwD Bk pj[fVnk. go
S/t/A ;fsr[o{ ih B{z pqkjwDh rqfjD bk fdZsk frnk. to d[nkok T[BQK dk
iBw s/ fco pkbe jfor'fpzd ih B{z pqkjwD tZb'A djhA ftu Ifjo
fwbke/ y[nkT[D dk :sB ehsk frnk, go ekw:kph Bk fwbh. fco
fJZe dkJh B{z G/fink frnk g?;/ d/ e/. dkJh B/ nkgDhnK d[XhnK B{z
Ifjo bk fbnk, go Ifjo pVk s/i ;h. pkb jfor'fpzd B{z d[X
Z u[x
z kT[D
(fgbkT[D) s'A gfjbK jh Ifjo d/ wko{ n;o ekoB dkJh dh w"s j'
rJh. tko \kbh frnk.
4H ;fsr[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih dk p/Nk pkpk nNZb ih pkb nt;Ek ftu
jkDhnK Bkb e'Jh y/Y y/Yd/ ;B. jB/ok g? ikD s/, Pkw B{z ;ko/ ;kEh
xoKB[z ub/ rJ/. fi; f;o tkoh ;h pq k jwD dk bVek w' j D, T[ j
Gh y/ Y nX{oh SZve/ ubk frnk. nrb/ fdB pkbe nNZb ih T[; B{z
xo'A ;ZdD tk;s/ ub/ rJ/. wksk^fgsk B/ df;nk fe w'jD oksh ;Zg

5
 bVe/ wo frnk, nNZb ih nkyD BjhA s[;hA M{m p'bd/ j', w/oh y/Y dh
tkoh d/D s'A vodk nzdo b[e frnk j?. s/ nNZb ih B/ I'odko nktkI
fdZsh, w'jD UJ/ ` UJ/ w'jDHHH. s/ wfonk fgnk w'jD m[we^m[we
N[odk pkjo nk frnk. fJ; xNBk dh \po ;ko/ fes/ c?b rJh fe
nNZb ih B/ w'fJnk w'jD fizdk eo fdZskHHH tZvh eokwksHHH. id'A
;fsr[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih B{z gsk bZrk sK T[BQK T[;/ tes nNZb ih
B{z p[bkfJnk. ;koh j'Jh phsh ;[Dh, s/ c?;bk ;[DkfJnk L “p/Nk ` s{z oZp
dh pokpoh ehsh j?, eokwks eoe/ w'jD B{z fiT[Adk ehsk j?, j[D w'jD
dh irQK s{z gqkD fsnkr d/jHHH”. pkbe nNZb ih ukdo b? e/ bzw/ g?
rJ/, gqkD fsnkr fdZs.
/ ejkDh dk sZs;ko fJj gJh ;fsr[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih d/ p/N/ dh w" s j' ikt/ , e' J h rZ b BjhA, go pq k jwDK dk
p/ N k BjhA woBk ukjhdk. i/ wo frnk sK fiT[Adk j' ikDk ukjhdk j?.
sho fNekD/ tZik.
5H ;fsr[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih d/ g[Zso pkpk r[ofdZsk ih ;kEhnK ;w/s
fPeko y/vD rJ/. fjoB ikDe/ sho ubkfJnk go sho fJe rT{ B{z
ik tZik s/ rT{ sVc^sVc e/ wo rJh. B/V/ ofj fojk rT{ dk wkbe
pqkjwD ;D/ gfotko nkD g[Zfink. rT{ woh t/y e/ ;kfonK pj[s
ftobkg ehsk. so; ftu Goe/ pkpk r[ofdZsk ih B/ woh j'Jh rK
ihts eo fdZsh. id'A fJ; nBj'Dh xNBk dk ;fsr[o{ jfor'fpzd
;kfjp ih B{z gsk bZrk sK T[j pj[s BokI j'J/ s/ nkfynk “s{z oZp dk
Pohe pD frnk j?A ihtB s/ w"s nkgD/ tZ; ftu eo bJh, w?A s?Bz{ nkd/
P d/Adk jK fe ;oho fsnkr d/j. pkpk r[ofdZsk ih ukdo b? e/ b/N
rJ/ s/ u'+k SZv fdZsk. fJZe rT{ dh ikB ehwsh j?, r[o{ d/ ;g[Zso dh

6
 ikB ;;sh j?. rT{ ihts eoB pdb/ r[ofdZsk ih B{z ;oho fsnkrDk
fgnk. sho fBPkB/ s/ p?mk
6H ehosg[o ;kfjp fty/ fJZe pqkjwD s/ T[;dh gsBh nkgD/ itkB p/ N /
dh bkP (w[ o dk ;oho) u[ Z e fbnkJ/ . nke/ bZr/ ftbeD “;fsr[o{
ihU ` s[;hA ;woZE j', oZp B{z g[Zi/ j'J/ j', feogk eoe/ ;kv/ j'Djko
g[Zso B{z ihts eo'.” ;fsr[o{ ih efjD bZr/, “GkJh GkDk wzB' wo/
ftnesh edh ihts BjhA j'fJnk eod/”. sK pqkjwD B/ skBQk MkfVnk,
“;fsr[o{ ihU` fco s[;hA n?t/A r[o{ j'D dk n?bkB ehsk j'fJnk j?<
s[jkv/ f;Zy sK o'I nkyd/ jB fe ;fsr[o{ w'fJnK B{z fiT{Adk eo ;edk
j?, “;fsr[o w/ok wkfo fitkb?HHH” iK fco ;theko eo bt' fe s[jkv/
e'b e'Jh Pesh BjhAHHH’’< ikDh^ikD ;fsr[o{ ih PKs fuZs p?m/ nzso
f Xnk B j'
rJ/. e[M ;w/A s'A pknd B/so y'bQ/ nkyD bZr/ “gzfvs ih s[jkvk g[Zso
ihts j' ;edk j?, go fJZe Pos s/HHH “eh Pos wjkoki ihHHH<”
s[jkv/ ftu'A i' e'Jh fJ; B{z pj[s fgnko eodk j?, fJ; dh Ekt/A T[j
nkgDh ikB d/t', i/ wBI{o j? sKHHH.” gzfvs gzvskDh B{z nky/ s{z ikB
d/j s/ gzvskDh gzvs B{z j[ZiK wko/, s/ok bkvbk ;h”. s[;hA ikB d/ d/
t', nzs ie'^sZeh s'A pknd pqkjwD nkyD bZrk e/ w?A fJPBkB eo
nktK, fco ikB tko fdnKrk. T[j frnk s/ tkg; Bk gofsnk.
pqkjwDh nkyD bZrh, gkfsPkj ih ` w?A T[;B{z p[bkn e/ j[D/ nkJh, E'Vh
T[vhe eo'. T[j Gh tkg; Bk gosh. bzwh T[vhe eoB s/ Gh T[BQK ftu'A
e'Jh tkg; Bk pj[fVnk. ;fsr[o{ ih nkyD bZr/ GkJh t/y fbnk, fJBQK
dk g[s
Z o Bkb fgnko, fJj n;b ftu g[s
Z o tZN/ ;kB{z wkoBk ukj[d
z / ;B

7
 iK fe;/ r[of;Zy dh p+h b?Dh ukj oj/ ;B. go nZi fJjBK dk fJj
tko th \kbh frnk s/ T[; wo/ bVe/ dh bkP :'r EK s/ g[uk fdZsh rJh
b/y/ bk fdZsh rJh. rZb Bk pDh.
7H nZmt/A ;fsr[o{ jfofeqPB ih e'b gzi'yo/ (nzpkbk) d/ ;EkB s/ fJZe
pqkjwD bkb uzd nkfJnk r[Z;/ ftu Gfonk. e"V/ puBK dh p[SkV
eofdnK nkyD bZrk, “s[;hA nkgDk Bkw jfofeqPB oytkfJnk j?,
feqPB ih B/ wjkB Xkowe rqzE rhsk dh ouBk ehsh. go s[;hA sK
;z;feqs d/ d' nZyo Gh BjhA gVQ ;ed/, rhsk fbyDh sK d{o dh rZb,
jK s[;hA fJ; d/ noE jh eoe/ ftyk fdT[HHH”. ;fsr[o{ ih PKs fuZs
nkyD bZr/, “gzfvs ih rhsk tor/ rqzE d/ noE sK ;kvk fsnko ehsk
;kXkoD s'A ;kXkoD f;Zy Gh ;fji/ jh eo ;edk j?. fJj sK s[jkv/
tv/fonK dk ehsk j'fJnk gkg ;h fe fe;/ ny"sh S'Nh Iksh tkb/ B{z
ftfdnk BjhA gVQB fdZsh iKdh ;h. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ xo sK
;kfonK B{z pokpo ikDe/ ;fseko ehsk iKdk j?, ftfdnk gVQkJh iKdh
j?. PZe j't/ sK gzfvs ih fe;/ th f;Zy B{z nky t/y' T[jh rhsk d/ noE
ftt/e g{oB eo d/t/rk.” gzfvs B/ nBikD ;wMe/ GkJh SZi{ ih B{z
fbnKdk. ;fsr[o{ ih dk fJPkok gk e/ SZi{ ih B/ g[S
Z / rJ/ ;tkbK d/ g{oh
fBvosk ns/ ftt/e g{oB i[nkp fdZs/. gzfvs ;fsr[o{ ih d/ uoBhA
M[fenk. tko \kbh frnk.
8H ;fsro{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih fjzd{ shoEK s/ rJ/, e'Jh p[okJh BjhA
;h, nro ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp tKr G[ZfbnK B{z okj gkT[D tk;s/ rJ/
fbfynk j[zdk. feT[Afe bzw/ no;/ sZe B"t/A ;fsr[o{ ih d/ xo pkbe Bk
iBfwnk. fco shoEK s/ ik e/ pqkjwDK B{z nB/eK rT{nK dkB ehshnK,

8
 o[gJ/, uKdh^;'Bk, p;so nkfd dkB ehs/. “shoEK d/ fJPBkB, fdZsk
frnk (f;ZyK dh \{B g;hB/ tkbh G/Nk ehsh ewkJh) pqkjwD B{z dkB,
T[BQK tZb'A gVQ/ rJ/ wzsoK dh pd"bs, gq:kr fty/ jh pkb r'fpzd okJ/
wksk r[ioh ih d/ roG ftu gqt/P eo rJ/HHH” eh ;fsr[o{ s/r pjkdo
ih B{z tkfjr[o{ d/ GkD/ iK fBnk dk Go';k Bk fojk s/ v'b rJ/ < eh T[BQK
nzdo r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh nekbh i'fs BjhA ;h< fco n"bkd
gqkgsh tk;s/ ;ko/ pqkjwDh eow feT[Aehs/< ;kv/ pj[s/ frnkBh s/
wjKg[oy fJjh e{V gquko p/\"c eo oj/ jB s/ ;zrsK ftukohnKHHHoZp
okyk.sho fNekD/ tZfink.
9H ;fsr[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih d/ dopko nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ e/tb
pqkjwD jh nkD cfonkdh j'J/ “;kvk Xow pukUHHH” fi; pqkjwDh
Xow B{z ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp, Grs ;kfjp oZd eo u[Ze/ jB, T[;/ B{z
pukT[D dk wsbpHHH< eh fJ; Gkos d/P ftu Xow e/tb pqkjwDK dh
jh wbehns ;h< eh j'o fe;/ Xowtkb/ s/ je{ws tZbA' I[bw BjhA ehsk
frnk < p; fJ;/ “fsbe izR{” dh okyh tk;s/ B"t/ gkfsPkj Pjhd j'
rJ/ < fi; pqkjwDh Xow B/ jIko ;kb s'A Gkos B{z spkj e[B f;;Nw
fdZsk. iksgksh B|os fdZsh, n"os B{z g?oK j/m o'fbnk. d/ P }[ b kw
j[ z d k t/ y w;s wz s o gVQ d / oj/ . jkewK d/ ih jI{ohJ/ ik
pD/. XhnK d/ v'b/ d/ e/ ;[Zy ;j{bsK gqkgs eoB tkb/ ekfJoK dk Xow
pukDk pj[s Io{oh ;h< id'A fe n;b ftu fJj e'Jh Xow jh BjhA j?,
Xow d/ Bkw s/ ebze j?. go fco th fJBQK dh so;:'r jkbs t/y e/
;fsr[o{ ih B/ wZdd eoB dk c?;bk ehsk.n;b ftu wB[Zyh jZeK dh
okyh ehsh.

9
10H ;fsr[o{ d;w gksPkj jI{o B{z pqkjwD e/;' okw B/ jtB eokT[D dh
B/e ;bkj fdZsh. jtB dh ;zg{oBsk s/ d/th wksk gqrN j't/rh fco
s[;hA i' to wzrDk ukj' wzr b?Dk. ;kyh w[skpe ;fsr[o{ ih B/ B?Dk d/
th d/ n;EkB s/ jtB P[o{ eo fdZsk. f;ZyK dh feos ewkJh jtB o{gh
nZrBh ftu p/ feoeh Bkb ;kVh ikD bZrh. nEkj ;wZroh \sw j'
ikD s/ th d/th gq;zB Bk j'Jh. e/;' okw ih nkyD bZr/, fe;/ wjKg[oy
Bkw o;hJ/ dh pbh d/Dh gt/rh, sK d/th wksk gqrN j't/rh. fJ;kok
;k| ;h fe BkNeh Yzr Bkb d;t/A BkBe B{z \sw eo fdZsk ikt/. d;w
gksPkj nkyD bZr/ “gzfvs e/;' okw ih ` s[jkv/ Bkb'A tXhnk Bkw
o;hnk wjKg[oy j'o e"D j' ;edk j?<” s[;hA t/dK Pk;soK d/ frnksk,
jtB iZr eokT[D ftu fBg[B
z , ;G s'A T[u
Z h e[b
Z d/ pqkjwDHHH. fco s[;hA
jh e[opkBh fdT[.” e/;' okw d/ g?oK j/m'A IwhB fy;edh gqhss j'Jh.
g;hB/ S[N gJ/. “;fsr[o{ ih w?A fJPBkB eoe/ S/sh nk fojkHHH.” go
e/;' okw ih edh Gh tkg; Bk gos/. tko \kbh frnk.
11H nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/ dopko ftu fJe j'o pqkjwD nkD
cfonkdh j'fJnk “;kfjp ihU w/oh fgnkoh Bt^ftj[nsk gzvskDh
(gsBh) joB eo bJh rJh j?. gkgh jkewK B/ ;kvhnK e{eK s/ e'Jh
so; Bk ehsk. pj[Vh eo', w/oh }ohp dh pqkjwDh tkg; fdtkUHHH”.
;kyh w[skpe d;w gksPFkj jI{o B/ ;kfjpIkdk nihs f;zx s/ GkJh
T[d? f;zx dh ewkD ftu, fJZe tZvk f;ZyK dk iZEk ftdk ehsk. T[BQK
nuBu/sh Xktk p'fbnk. jkewK B{z eokohnK ;IktK fdZshnK. pqkjwDh
S[vk e/ nBzdg[o ;kfjp fbnKdh s/ ;fseko ;fjs gzvs ih d/ jtkb/
ehsh s/ g[fZ Snk “gzfvs ih e'Jh j'o ;/tk j't/ sK dZ;Dk” fJ; jwb/ ftu

10
 e[M e[ f;Zy Pjhd j'J/, e[ZM i\wh j'J/ s/ eJh ;ko/ w[;bwkB wko/ rJ/
. ekjd/ tk;s/ pqkjwdh tk;s/<<< e/tb fJZe pqkjwD d/ nky/ bZr e/
fJj ezw< rZb uZb rJhHHH.
12H e;{o d/ jkew T[;wkB \kB (gqf;ZX Bkw ikbw \kB) B/ fJZe pqkjwD
dh Bt^ftj[nsk pqkjwDh Ipoh y'j bJh. nkgD/ wfjbhA b? g[Zfink.
gzfvs ih u[g
Z ^ukg BhthA gkJh ;?eV/ whbK dk g?Avk sfj eoe/, nzfwqs;o
;qh nekb s\s ;kfjp ;Bw[y i[V/ f;zxK d/ fJeZm ftu nk cfonkdh
j'J/” ih w/oh fgnkoh ;z[do gsBh, T[;wkB \kB, e;{o dk Btkp y'j
e/ b? frnk j?. pj[Vh i/, r[o{ BkBe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ Bkw dh, w/
oh wZdd eo'HHH.’’ ;odko joh f;zx Gzrh, iZ;k f;zx nkjb{tkbhnk,
nkfd f;zx ;{ow/ jfEnko ;KG e/ x/fVnk s/ ;tko j' e/ uZb gJ/.
T[;wkB \kB B{z ik dp'funk. pVh fGnkBe izr j'Jh, pj[s f;zx b/y/
br rJ/, pj[s ;ko/ i\wh j' rJ/. go fco Gh ;G s'A tZvh gqkgsh eo
bJh, eh < pqjkwDh S[vkn fbnKdh s/ ftuko/ ftbe oj/ gzvs ih d/
jtkb/ eoe/ nPhotkd gqkgs ehskHHH fezBh ehws sko e/ HHH<HHH<HHH<
fJj e[M
Z e[ eEktK gkmek ;Bw[y oZynK jB, fJBQK ;kohnK ejkDhnK
ftu f;Z y K, iK ;fsr[ o { ;kfjpkB dk b/ y / brDk gosZy fd; fojk j?.
pqkjwDhnK s/ pqkjwDK dk pukfJnk ikDk jh ;op T[Zsw ekoi wzfBnk frnk
j?. eh r[owfs ftukoXkok e/tb pqkjwDK dh jh okyh eodh j?< iK j'o fe;/
fJB;kB s/ edh w[;hps jh BjhA g?Adh < fiBQK pqkjwDK B/ iksh jzeko fsnkr
e/ ;fsr[o{ ih dh f;Zyh XkoB ehsh. ;fsr[o{ ih dh f;Zyh ykso ;opZs d/ Gb/
fjs nkgDk nkgk e[opkB ehsk, T[j XzBsk d/ :'r jB. T[BQK dh d/D nwZ[b j?.
gzdoK pqkjwD GrsK dh pkDh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu ;[GkfJwkB j?, fsBQK B{z fBZs

11
BwPekoK j[d
z hnK jB. GkJh wshdk; s/ ;sh dk; ih r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dhnK
nZyK ;kjwD/ Pjhd j'J/ T[jBK B{z gqDkw j?.go fJ; pqkjwDh Gow ik+ s'A ;dk
u"ezB/ ofjD dh Io{os j?. fJfsjk; B{z ;'Xe/ fbyD gqukoB dh b'V j?. ;fsr[o{
;kB{z ;kfonK B{z r[owfs frnkB pyfPP eoB.
fJ; fpgotkdh skD/ pkD/ B{z ;wMD s'A pknd nkT[ j[D ;pzXs ;apd
ftukohJ/, fe ro[V s/ ;tko j'e/ gow/;o fet/A nkfJnk<
;[bskB g{S? ;[B[ p/ Bkwk]d/yT[ okw s[wko/ ekwk]ñ]
pkdPkj w[jzwd fpB s[rbe g[Sdk j? j/ Bkw d/t ;[D` w?A s/o/ okw dh Pesh
t/yDh ukj[zdk jK.
! Bkwk ;[bskB/ pkfXbk] d/yT[ s/ok jfo phm[bk]ñ] ojkT[..
pkdPkj B/ w?B{z (Bkwd/t B{z) frqcsko eo e/ pzB fbnk j? nkyD bZrk fi; oZp
d/ Go';/ s{z d{finK (pqkjwDk ekIhnK) dh PoXk B{z oZd eodk j?A w?A s/ok T[j
oZp t/yDk j?.
! fp;fwb rT{ d/j[ ihtkfJ] Bks[o rodfB wkoT[ mkfJ]ò]
fp;fwb ehsh rT{ ihT[Adh eo d/ BjhA sK s/oh X"D tZY fdnKr/.
(fp;fwZbk L^ nZbk d/ Bkw d/ fIpkj ehsk frnk ikBto, wjkB e'P øöò gzBk)
B'NL^(fp;fwb s'A Gkt wzso gVQ e/ Xow dh UN u ;fji/ ;fji/ wkoBk) Xow
d/ BK s/ d/o s'A j[zd/ nk oj/ I[bwK ekoB ;fjw/ nkw b'e fijV/ w[ofdnK ;wkB
j' u[e
Z / ;B. pkdPkj B/ nkfynk w/o/ e'b gj[u
z h PekfJs w[skpe fijV/ s/o/ Bkb
ob e/ prkts eoBh ukj[zd/ ;B s/o/ gZy dh rZb j[D eoB, BjhA sK s?B{z wko
fdnKrk. fJjBK bJh jh rT{ dk gqshe tofsnk j?. (rT{^rohp wjkB e'P
gzBk óøù)
!pkdPkj n?;h feT[A j'fJ]fp;fwb ehnk Bk iht? e'fj]ó]
w?A nkfynk e/ n?;h nDj'ADh fet/A j' ;edh j?, rZbhA pkshA th w[od/ fizdk j'J/
12
jB< (;dhnK s'A Xkofwe PoXk ftu fiBK B{z eow eKvK dh Ifjo d/ e/ wkfonk
j? T[j e/tb nkyD Bkb jh fet/A ;Zu Bkb yb' ikDr/<)
!w/ok ehnk eS{ Bk j'fJ]efo j? okw j'fJ j? ;'fJ]ô]
pkdPkj` w/oh ehfsnK e[M BjhA j' ;edk fi; B{z oZp fizdk eo/ T[jh
j[zdk j?.
r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ftu fizdk wB[y dh gqGkPk fJT[A j? L^
nkyk ihtk ft;o? wfo ikT[]nkyfD nT[yk ;kuk BkT[] (gzBk ñ0)
i/ w?A ;Zu dh f;cs ;bkj nkydk jK sK fiT[Adk jK BjhA sK w?A nksfwe
(Iwho dh)w"s/ wodk jK. fJ; rZb dk gsk j'D d/ pkti{d w?Bz{ ;Zu/ dk Bkw n"yk
brdk j?.
;' ihftnk fi;[ wfB tf;nk ;'fJ]
BkBe nto[ B iht? e'fJ] (wkM eh tko gzBk ñôô)
fi; wB[Zy d/ wB ftu oZp tZ; frnk T[jh fiT[Adk ;wM'. BkBe ih efjzd/ jB
j'o e'Jh BjhA fiT[Adk, Gkt ;G Iwho eoe/ wo/ j'J/ jB.
!pkdPkj ufVU njzekfo]ri j;sh dhB' uwekfo]õ]
w/o/ tb'A fdZshnK dbhbK ns/ ;Zu s'A BK fEVedk t/y, pkdPkj r[Z;/ ftu nk
frnk, w/o/ T[s/ jkEh ukVQB dk j[ew fdZsk. feT[Afe yk; eo pqkjwD s/ ekIh
w[bkfDnK dh u[ZeDk ftu ;kvh ntkI dpkT[Dh ukj[zdk ;h.
!o[dB eo? Bkw/ eh wkfJ]S'fv okw[ eh B Gifj y[dkfJ]ö]
nfij/ jkbksK B{z t/y e/ wwsk wkoh w/oh wK xpok rJh s/ ftobkg eodh j'Jh
nkyD bZrh, g[s
Z o ` s/o/ fBozekoh oZp tkbh rZb fJjBK B{z g;zd BjhA, s{z nkgDh
ikB pukT[D bJh fJjbK d/nB[;ko y[dk nky d/j. Gkt fJjBK dh p'bh p'b.
!B jT[ s/ok g{zrVk B s{ w/oh wkfJ] fgzv[ gV? sT[ jfo r[B rkfJ.]÷]
j/ wK ` s{z w?B{z iBw fdsk gkfbnk s/ok XzBtkd. go nfijh r[bkwh tkbh
13
f;fynk d/ D tkbh s{z w/oh wK jh BjhA j' ;edh. w?A s/ok g[Zso j'D s'A fJBeko
eodk jK. w/ok ;oho Gkt/A N[ev/ N[eV/ j' ikt/, go ;Zu jZe tkb/ n;{b BjhA
SZvKrk. (nZi th r[opkDh d/ ;Zu jZe, nIkdh tkb/ ftukok s'A v/rD tkfbnK
s'A ;[u/s j'D dh b'V j?, fiBQK ftu okiBhse nkr{, iE/dko, ny"sh ;zs
pqjwfrnkBh, fJE' sZe fe nkgD/ B/V/ tkfbnK dh ewI'o ;bkj dh th b'V
Bjh.)
!eo? rfizd[ ;[zv eh u'N]Bkwk T[[p? jfo eh UN]ø]
jkEh ;[zv Bkb ;ZNK wkodk j?, go w?A oZp ih dh feogk Bkb pu iKdk fojk.
(B'N L fJE'A Bkwd/t ih d/ ;kEh nk rJ/ brd/ jB feT[Afe fJ; s'A nZr/ pkdPkj
dk tshok pdbdk gqshs j[zdk j?.)
!ekih w[bK eofj ;bkw[]fJfB fjzd{ w/ok wfbnk wkB[]ù]
pkdPkj nkydk j? ekIh w[bK ;w/s ;ko/ w?B{z Bw;ekoK eod/ jB go fJe fjzd{
M[eD s'A fJBekoh j?, fJ; soK sK w/oh pj[s p/fJIsh j' ojh j?. (Gkt/A Bkwd/
t fjzd{ j'D s'A fJBeko eod/ jB, “fjzd{ nzBk s[oe[ ekDk@ go w[;bwkB fjzd{
efj e/ jh g[ekodk ;h fit/A f;yK B{z fjZe d/ i'o ni/ sZe fjzd{ jh fejk ik fojk
j?.
! pkdPkj p/Bsh ;[B/j[]Bkw/ ;o Gfo ;'Bk b/j[]ñ0]
w/o/ (Bkwd/t d/) jwdod b'eK fJZem/ j' e/ oki/ nZr/ fBwosk Bkb p/Bsh ehsh
fe n;hA Bkwd/t d/ pokpo ;'Bk s'b e/ d/D B{z fsnko jK, go fJ; B/e fJB;kB
B{z SZv fdT[. rohp b'eK e'b fJzBk ;'Bk j'Dk n"yk j?, go fgnko/ bJh e[M th
j' ;edk j?.
! wkb[ b/T[ sT[ d'ife goT[]dhB[ S'fv d[BhnK eT[ GoT[]ññ]
oki/ nkfynk Bjh, w/ok wIjop w?B{z foPts b?D dh nkfrnk BjhA fdzdk. fJ;

14
soK w?A Xow s'A fro e/ BoeK dk Gkrhdko BjhA pDBk ukj[zdk.
! gktj[ p/Vh jkEj[ skb]Bkwk rkt? r[B r'gkb]ñò]
w?Bz{ p/VhnK jZEeVhnK Bkb iefVnk j'fJnk ;h. fco th fit/A jZ; e/ p/yc
" oZp
dh oIk ftu T[;d/ r[D rkT[Adk fojk. (PkfJd Bkwd/t ih B/ eokoh MkV wkoh
j'Dh, j/ okiB ` foPts b?Dh d'Ie g?Dk j? sK ;ukJh e[ubDk rohpK s/ I[bw
eoBk fejVk Xow j?<)
! rzr iw[B iT[ T[bNh pj?]sT[ Bkwk jfo eosk oj?]ñó]
rzrk iw[Bk dfonktKd/ tfjD sK p/PZe T[bN/ tfjD, go w?A fe;/ soK d/
vokftnK nZr/ BjhA M[eKrk. (B'NL^ø pzd s'A b? e/ ñó] pzd se gZy g/P
eofdnK ;ik s/ o'e th br rJh ikgdh j?, ns/ j'o ;wK th fwb frnk
ikgdkj?, feT[Afe gfjbK jkEh d/ g?oK EZb/ e[ubD dk j[ew j' u[ek ;h.)
! ;ks xVh ip phsh ;[Dh]nij[ B nkfJU fsqGtD XDh]ñô]
pkdPkj B/ ;Zs xVhnK w;b/ B{z ;[bMkT[AdnK brk fdZshnk, s/ j'o ;wK BK d/
D pko/ th nkfynk s/ j'o T[bMkT[AfdnK fJj th nkfynk s/ok oZp (gZy) ni/
sZe gqrN Bjha j'fJnk. f;oc nkgD/ rbs c?;b/ B{z th XZe/ Bkb mhe ;kps
eoBk ukj[zdk ;h. (fJt/A j' fojk gqshs j[zdk j? fit/A rtkj s/ ;p{s j[zfdnK
ñùô÷ s'A gfjbk ñùô÷ s'A pknd s/ ñùøô t/b/ d/ esfbnkw dk f;yK B{z e'Jh
fJB;kc ikD p[M e/ Bk fdsk frnk.)
! gkyzsD pki pikfJbk] ro[V uV/ r'fpzd nkfJbk]ñõ]
fJe dw yzpK dh cVcVkjN ;[Dh feT[Afe ro[V s/ uV e/ r'fpzd nk frnk.
(B'NL^ r[owfs oZp B{z ni{Bh wzBdh j? T[j edh th i{BK ftu BjhA nkT[Adk, ;r'A
eoVh fusktBh fdsh j?L^;' w[y ibT[ fis ejfj mke[o i'Bh] gzBk ññóö)
ro[V eh j? L^ ftBsk d/ roG s'A eP:g dk gZ[so, i' ftPBz{ dh ;tkoh ns/
gzShnK dk okik fbfynk j?. fJ; dk nZXk XV gzSh dk s/ T[gobk Gkr wB[y
15
dk j?. (i' j' jh BjhA ;edk) wjKGkos ftu fbfynk j? fe id ro[V d/tfsnK
B{z fis e/ ;[or s'A nzfwqs b? nkfJnk sK ftPB{z B/ ohM e/ nkfynk fe to wzr,
ro[V B/ fejk fe w?A ;dk nkg d/ T[go ojK, ftPB{z B/ fJj rZb wzB bJh, go
ro[V B/ wB ftu ;'funk fe fJj rZb uzrh BjhA j'Jh, feT[Afe nfijk j'D s'A
ftPB{z dk ngwkB j'tkr/. ro[V B/ ftPB{ B{z nkfynk fe nkg w/o/ s'A e'Jh to
b? bU, ftPB{ B/ nkfynk fe s{ w/oh ;tkoh pD ik. j[D fuzsk fJj j'Jh fe d'jK
B{z fJe d{i/ d/ j/m T[s/ j'Dk fgnk, nzs tZvh ftuko fgS'A fJj c?;bk j'fJnk fe
ro[V ftPB{ d/ Mzv/ T[go oj/ (óùù gzBk wjkB e'P) (fJj j/mK T[s/ tkbk
f;b;bk nkgD/ nkg ftu tZvk GzpbG{;k j?, nfijhnK ejkDhnK Bk jh ;Zu jB
ns/ Bk jh wB[Zysk dk e[M ;ztko ;edhnK jB.)
ro[V[ L^ ;Zg dk ftj[ d{o eoB dh dtkJh, r[o Ppd o{g ro[V uZfNnk. (ô00
gzBk wjkB e'P)
“;" jZE oZ;k@ ` gfjbh rZb sK fJj, gJh oZp ;oho Xkoe/ edh BjhA
nkT[Adk. fJj fBo'b ebgDk j? fe oZp e'Jh ntskoh g[oP iK iht izs{nK d/
o{g ftu nkT[Adk j?. fco ro[V fJe S'Nk gzSh j?, nekb g[oy e[b ekfJBks
dk wkbe. eh wkw{bh fBe/ fij/ gzSh dh ;tkoh eodk nk frnk< fco T[j
fejkVk ro[V ;h fi; okjhA oZp pj[fVnk< (B'NL^ñ ro[V fJe gzSh, ò ;Zg dk
Ifjo T[skoB tkbk rko[Vh wzsq, ó wkfJnk BkrDh dk Ifjo T[skoB bJh Ppd
o{gh wzsq fit/A L^
(ñ) fpy[ ek wkoD[ jfo Bkw j? r[o ro[V ;pd[ w[fy gkfJ]
(;b'e tkoK s/ tXhe wL ó gzBk ñôñõ)
(ò) ro[V[ ;pd[ w[fy gkfJnk jT[w? fpy[ jfo wkoh] (ù)
(wbko wL ó gzBk ñòö0)

16
(ó) uj[ fd; c{fb ojh fpfynk fpy[ r[o wzsq w{fy ro[Vkoh](òõ)
(;kor wL õ gzBk ñò0ù)
(ô) fp;hno fp;{ Go/ j? g{oB r[o[ ro[V ;pd[ w[fy gkt?r']
(ekBvk wL ô gzBk ñóñ0)
(õ) jfo gqG nkfB fwbktT[ r[o ;kX{ xf; ro[V[ ;pd[ w[fy bhmk] (öñ)
(rT[Vh wL ô gzBk ñ÷ñ)
ftuko nXhB T[go'es Ppd ftu f;X/ nZyoh noE BjhA j' ;ed/, pj[shA EkJhA
Gkt noE eoB/ g?Dr/, j'o th Ppd jB fit/A L^
(ñ) chb[ opkph pbd[ gykti eT[nk skb pikt?]
gfjfo u'bBk rdjk Bku? G?;k Grfs eokt? ]ñ](nk;k epho gzBk ô÷ñ)
(ò) e' J h p' b ? fBotk e' J h p' b ? d{ f o]
ib eh wkS[ b h uo? yi{ f o ]ñ] (N' v h Bkwd/ t gzBk ÷òù)
;' Bkwd/t ih dh B/eh d/ sd'A uko/ gk;/ vze/ tZi u[e/ ;B. pqkjwDK,
w"bkfDnK B{z T[j gfjbK th eJh tko tzrko u[e/ ;B. fJ; soK fJjBK dh B/
eh, goT[geko, fBvosk, ;Zu s/ gfjok d/D tkbk, rohpK dk ;wZoEe j'D
eoe/ ekch b'e fJjBK d/ fJe fJPko/ s/ ikB tkoB tkb/ g? d k j' D br gJ/
;B. id' A jw? s hnK B{ z gsk brdk frnk fe Bkwd/ t ih B{z pr?o e;{o s'A
pzB e/ jkEh nZr/ ;[fZ Nnk frnk j? sK T[j th tjhoK xZs e/ T[Xo B{z uZb gJ/. r[opkDh
ftu p/nzs irk ;zrs dh wfjwk rkJh j? fit/A “ftfu ;zrfs jfo gqG[ t;?
ihT[]@ (gzBk ùô)
id'A Bkwd/t ih dk SZgo pDkT[D ;pzXh Ppd gVd/ jK sK UE/ th
;s;zrh iBK d/ Bkw/ B/ fgnko ftu fGZi e/, pj[s S/sh T[BK dk ;[zdo wekB
fsnko eo fdZsk. fJ; ;'jD/ wekB B{z t/y e/ r[nKYD G?D g[Sdh j? fe fet/

17
A fsnko ehsk fJj wekB < (n;b ftu fJE/ th ihtB SZgoh dk ;s;zrhnK
d[nkok ;'jDk pDBk jh j?) sK Bkwd/t ih d;d/ jBL^
gkV gV';fD g{S b/ Bkwk ek gfj SkfB StkJh j']
s' gfj d[rDh wi{oh d?jT[ w' eT[ p/Yh d/j[ pskJh j' ]ñ]
oh pkJh p/Yh gqkB nXkok ]ñ] ojkT[] (ó)
xo[ ô ;'ofm Bkwd/t gzBk ööö)
fJE/ th SZgoh oZp B/ ;oho XkoB eoe/ BjhA pDkJh ;r'A ;s;zrh iBK
B{z jh oZp o{g r[owfs gotkB eodh j? fit/L^
epho gkBh j{nk s fenk GfJnk ;hok sksk j'fJ] jfo iB n?;k
ukjhn? i?;k jfo jh j'fJ] ñôù] (;b'e epho gzBk ñóùø)
fiBk B ft;o? Bkw ;/ feB/fjnk] G/d Bk ikDj[ w{fb ;kJh i/fjnk]
nk;k wL õ gzBkL ô0ñ)
s'jh w'jh w'jh s'jh nzso[ e?;k ] efBe efNe ib sozr i?;k]
(f;ohokr[ oftdk; ih gzBk ùô)
;[y[ d[y[ fij go;? Bjh b'G[ w'j[ nfGwkB[]
ej[ BkBe ;[B[ o/ wBk ;' w{ofs GrtkB]ñó]
(;b'e wL ù gzBkL ñôòø)
np sT[ ikfJ uY/ f;zxk;fB fwb/ j? ;kfozrgkBh]
okw ephok J/e GJ/ j? e'fJ B ;e? gSkBh]
(okwebh epho gzBkL ùøö)
;' fJjBk ;s;zrh iBK B/ jh oZp o{g nytkT[Dk j?. j[D ;wM gJh fe
Bkwd/t ih e'b fejkVk GrtkB fejV/ ro[V s/ uV e/ nkfJnk j?.
ro[V L^ Ppd T[gd/P o{gh ro[V. r'fpzdL^ r'fpzd o{g ;s;zrh iB.
oZp tor/ ;s;zrh iB fit/A Bkwd/t ih d/ wekB fsnko eoB bJh
18
pDdk ;odk youk th gZfbUA ehsk ;/tk th jZEhA ehsh ;'jDk wekB t/yfdnK
jh fsnko j' frnk. fJ;/ soQK pkdPkj dh efujoh ftu th Bkwd/t d/ jw?sh
ekch frDsh ftu g[Zi/.
! ngB/ Grs gfo eh gqfsgkb]ro[V uV/ nkJ/ r'gkb]ñù]
nkgD/ ;/te dh oZfynk bJh ro[V s/ (;Zu Ppd) gqG{ ih (;s;zrh o{g)
nkJ/.
pj[s f;o ygkJh s'A pknd fco th rohpK, ;Zu d/ gKXhnK B{z e'Jh
fBnK dh nk; Bk pZMh sK ro[V s/ uV e/ nkJ/ r'gkb (pjkdo b'eK) w?B{z
nkfynk L^
! ejfj s XofD fJe'vh eoT[]ejfj s b/ efo T[gfo XoT[]ñ÷]
gqG{ fgnko tkb/ ;s;zrhnK B/ fejk Bkwd/t ih ` i/ fJIkIs fdU sK
Xosh N/Yh eo d/JhJ/ < nky/A sK j/mbh T[go eo d/JhJ/ < (B'NL^ fJPkok oki
Gkr N/vk eoB tb j?. oki Gkr N/vk eoB bJh pj[ frDsh j'Dh Io{oh BjhA,
fdqV fJokd/ dk j'Dk Io{oh j?. ñ÷0ø JhL s'A pknd f;yK B/ pkpk pzd f;zx
pjkdo t/b/ s/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ okiGkr t/b/ ns/ p'sk f;zx roik f;zx
dh jh fw;kb ekch j? fJ; s'A fJbktk f;ZyK B/ j'o th pj[s pjkdoh d/ I"jo
fdykJ/, frDsh Gkt/A E'Vh ;h.)
! ejfj s w[Jh rT[ d/T{ ihnkfJ];G[ e'Jh d/y? gshnkfJ]ñø]
i/ nky/A sK w[ofdnK tor/ (;Zu s'A p/wy
[ ) j' u[e/ b'eK e'bA' pjkdoh tkb/
ekoi eotk d/JhJ/ Gkt I[bw dh jkwh fJj th BjhA Go ;ed/. ;ko/ s;Zbh Bkb
d/y b?Dr/ fe Bkwd/t d/ fBor[D ;or[D ;o{g gqG{ d/ f;XKs fezB/ pbPkbh jB.
! Bkwk gqDt? ;/bw ;/b] rT{ d[jkJh pSok w/fb]ñù]
Bkwd/t B/ nkfynk oZ;h gk e/ rK tZ; eo'. tZSk SZv e/ rK u' bJh.
(;/bw ;/b L^oZ;h Bkb fgSb/ y[o (g?o) pzB e/, wjkB e'P gzBk òòø) (rT{ L^
19
rohp izsk, wjkB e'P óøù) fit/A t; ftu ofje/ rT{ u' bJhdh j? fJ;/ soK
Xhoi ftu ofj e/ je{ws Bkb f;MDk j?. w? (Bkwd/t) e[M nkr{nK B{z fejk
BK GkJh XZek BjhA eoBk nkgD/ ns/ b'eK d/ o'j B{z ekp{ ftu oye/ gZy g/P
eoBk j?. n?Bh S/sh ;fji ;Zu dk gZbk BjhA SZvhdk.
fywk Xhoi[ efo rT{ bt/oh ;ji/ pSok yho[ ghn?]
(gqGksh wLñ gzBk 1359)
fywk s/ Xhoi dh rK ;fji (fNekn) dk tZSk d[ZX ght/.
(B'N ^ fjz;k r[ows dk nzr BjhA j?. i/ gkDh f;o'A bzx ikt/ fJB;kc Bkj fwb/, ;ko/
jhb/ t;hb/ ysw j' ikD fco ;zxo;a eoBk ikfJi j?)
u{z eko nI jwk jhbs/ do r[IPs]
jbkb n;s p[odB p PwPho d;s] (I|oBkwk)
! d{Xfj d[fj ip wN[eh Goh] b/ pkfd;kj e/ nkr? Xoh]ò0]
d[X u' e/ wN[eh (posB) Go e/ pkd;kj d/ nZr/ Xo fdsh, Gkt r[ow[yK
tZb'A pkd;kj d/ B{wkfJfdnK Bkb ;ko/ gZy ftukoB s'A pknd nk\o fBu'V
pkdPkj nZr/ Xo fdsk.
(w;bk sK f;oc rK fizdk eoB dk ;h d[X u'D dh Pos sK oZyh BjhA ;h.
e[dos Bkb fybtkV eoBk, wdkohnK tKr swkP/ eoB/, r[owfs dk n;{b
Bjh. Grs iB oIk ftu okIh ofjzd/ j'J/ ;Zu s/ gfjok fdzd/ j'J/ i[bw Bkb
Neok iKd/ jB.)
! pkfd;kj[ wjb wfj ikfJ] nT[xN eh xN bkrh nkfJ]òñ]
nT[xN ^ n"yh xVh, d[ydkJh t/bk wjkB e'P gzBkL òô)
fJ; ;ko/ xNBk eqw s'A pknd okik nkgD/ wfjb ftu ubk frnk, go
T[;dk wB pj[s gq/PkB ;h. (B'NL^ id'A rK fizdk j' rJh sK n"fynkJh ekjdh,

20
ezw fBpV frnk, oZyh Pos s'A ezw tZX j' u[ek ;h.
! ekih w[bK fpBsh c[owkfJ] py;h fjzd{ w? s/oh rkfJ]òò]
oki/ tZb'A G/i/ ekIh wT[bkD/ w/o/ (Bkwd/t) e'b nkJ/, ns/ dZph ntkI
Bkb nkyD bZr/, Grs ih ;kv/ e'b'A fInkdsh j' rJh j?, okik (w[jzwd fpB
s[rbe) th wfj;{; eod/ jB. n;hA th s[jkvhnK rT{nK jK ;kB{z pyP fdT[.
okik ih fJj th ukj[zd/ jB fe s[;hA dZ;' s[jkvh ns/ s[jkv/ ;kEhnK dh eh ;/
tk eo ;ed/ jK<
(B'NL^ id'A rK ihts j' rJh d[X dh wNeh oki/ nZr/ g/Peo fdsh rJh sK
pkdPkj B{z fpgsk ekjdh< i/ eokwks okjhA Bkwd/t ih rT{ ihts eo ;ed/
jB, w'Jh rK s'A d[X u' ;ed/ jB, sK eokwks d[nkok Ikbw pkdPkj B{z jh ysw
feT[A B eo fdZsk< ekIhnK w"bkfDnK B{z ;Ik jh d/ fdzd/ . fJe rT{ fitkbD
s/ Bkwd/t ih fesB/ e[ wjkB pD rJ/ < w[;bwkB pkdPkj rK fizdk feT[A eoBk
ukj[zdk ;h<
pkdPkj d/ voB dk n;b ekoB Ppd ftubk “ejfj s XofD fJe'vh
eoT[] ejfj s b/ efo T{gfo XoT[]@ (gzBk ññöö) fJj' fij/ o'j Go/ PpdK
s'A ;gPN j' iKdk j?. Xosh fe;/ d/ nkfynk T[bNh N/vh BjhA j' iKdh. n;b
ftu b'e gq/w Bkb f;nkD/ ofjpo dh nrtkJh ftu prktsK eod/ jB, oki
gbNk th b? nkT[Ad/ jB, I[bw dh iV g[N
Z fdzd/ jB. Ikbw jkewK B{z w"s d/ xkN
T[sko fdzd/ jB. Ppd noEK Bkb fiE/ rZb PgPN Bk j't/ T[E/ Gkt noE eoB/
g?Ad/ jB.
j'o t/y' fJj' w[jzwd fpB s[rbe gfjbK jkEh nZr/ ;[ZND dk j[ew
eodk j?, w[Jh rK fizdk eoB dh rZb efjzdk j?, fco nkg jh efjzdk j? “py;h
fjzd{ w? s/oh rkfJ@. pyPD dh rZb th s/ w? s/oh rK jK, j/ Bkwd/t w?B{z w[nkc

21
eo d/ w?A fJjBK pqkjwDk d/ nky/ gkg eo ufbnk ;K w?A nZr'A edh nfijk
c[owkD s[jkv/ fybkc BjhA eoKrk.
! Bkwk ej? ;[Bj[ pkfd;kj] fJj[ feS[ gshnk w[M? fdykfJ]òó]
w?A (Bkwd/t) nkfynk pkdPkj fJ; soQK I[pkBh ebkwh w[nkch wzrD
Bkb e[M BjhA ;toBk, i/ ;uw[u jh s[jkv/ nzdo e'Jh gSsktk j? sK fco w?B{z
fJj ftPtkP fdtkT[.
! fJ; gshnk ek fJj? gotkB[] ;kfu ;hfb ukbj[ ;[fbskB]òô]
(;hfb^fPPNkuko, fwsqsk, PKsh Gkt wjkB e'P gzBkL ò0õ)
fJ; w[nkch Bkw/ dk n;b we;d fJj j? pkdPkj ` s{z nZrA' fe;/ rohp s/ I[bw
B eo/A goik B{z ;[yh oZyA/ , ;ukJh d/ okj s/ y[d uZbA/ , s/ fJB;kc tkbk ;Zuk Xowh
oki eo/A.
! Bkwd/T[ ;G ofjnk ;wkfJ]fwfb fjzd{ ;G Bkw/ gfj ikfj]òõ]
fJ; PkBdko wkD Goh ;Zu dh fis s'A pknd Bkwd/t ih dh ;'Gk xo
xo j'D bZrh. jwdod ;s;zrh b'e y[Ph ftu nkJ/ s/ iE/ pDk e/ tvh frDsh
ftu Bkwd/t ih B{z fwb/.
! iT[ np eh pko B iht? rkfJ] s Bkwd/t ek gshnk ikfJ]òö]
(gshnk^gosktk, fJwfsjkB, ftPtkP gzBk wjkB e'P ÷óù)
;ko/ ;s;zrh Gok nk e/ tXkJh d/D bZr/ ns/ nkfynk Grs ih ` pVk
tZvk fJwfsjkB ;h s[jkvk, i/ n?sehA s[;hA db/oh s/ f;nkDg Bk fdykT[Ad/ sK
s[jkv/ ;w/s ;kB{z ;kfonK B{z th Ikbw B/ o'b o'b wkoBk ;h. s[jkvh B/eh
goT[geko ekoB iB ;w{j B/ th s[jkvk ;kE fdsk. fJ;/ bJh ;KM/ o'j ns/
;Zu B{z dZpk BjhA ;fenk. Xkofwe s/ okiBhse b'eK B/ ;kB{z sK gP{ pDk e/
oZfynk j'fJnk ;h. s[jkvh feogk Bkb E'Vh fiT{D dh ;wM gJh j?, Bjh sK

22
;kv/ tor/ j'o th ;kv/ Gok jB i' ni/ th fJ; ;Zu s'A e'jK d{o jB s/ Boe
wJh fIzdrh fiT{d/ jB.

! Bkw/ eh ehofs ojh ;z;kfo]Grs iBk b/ T[Xfonk gkfo]ò÷]

fJ; f;nkDg ns/ db/oh ekoB Bkwd/t dh tfvnkJh xo xo j'D br gJh b'e

XzB Bkwd/ t Xz B Bkwd/ t nkyD br/ . feT[ A fe Bkwd/ t Grs iBK B{ z Bkb

b? e/ ;z ; koe eb/ P s'A gko j' frnk ;h.

! ;rb eb/; fBzde GfJnk y/d[]

Bkw/ BkokfJB Bkjh G/d[]òø] (gzBk ññöö)

(y/d^P'e, xpokjN wjkB e'P gzBk óøô)

Bkwd/t d/ fco pu ikD s/ fBdeK (pqkjwDK ekIhnK) B{z ;ko/ eb/P u'A

P'e, xpokjN g?dk j'Jh, fJjBK B{z w{zj dh ykDh gJh. Bkwd/t s/ BkokfJB

(oZp) ftu e'Jh nzso BjhA j?.

fBzdeK u[rbK B{z pj[s d[y j'fJnk, feT[Afe Bkwd/t B{z ;Ik d/ T[bN oki/

B/ w[nkch wzrh. fto'Xh fJj ;kok e[M BjhA ukj[zd/ ;B T[jBK B{z Gkoh d[y

j'fJnk. T[j Bjh ;B ukj[zd/ fe Bkwd/t B{z Xkfwe ftnesh ;theko ehsk ikJ/

;r'A T[j sK M{mk prkts dk d'P s/ Xkofwe GktBktK B{z m/; gj[ukT[D d/ d'P

ftu wotkT[Dk ukj[zd/ ;B.

B'NL^ fJe coe fJE/ ;wM b?Dk ukjhdk j?, nZi ny"sh ;kXK dh rzdh

fIzdrh d/ id'A GKv/ Gid/ jB sK Gow wko/ nfrnkBh b'e fJjBK ;kXK d/ wro

th Pesh gqdoPB eod/ jB s/ ;oeko B{z ekotkJh s'A o'ed/ jB s/ nkgDk

Xkofwe, nkofEe, ;ohoe P'PD eotkT[Ad/ jB. Bkwd/t s/ epho ih tor/

Grs ;fjpkB Bkb M{m/ XowhnK dk ns/ okiBhseK dk IkbwkBK jZd sZe fJ;
23
bJh T[so nkT[Dk, feT[Afe rohp gSV/ b'eK dk fJBebkph, eqKshekoh ;'u tZb

tXDk, fJjBK ny"sh XowhnK B{z GkT[Adk BjhA ;h. r[o{ ;kfjpkB Bkb fJ;/ b[ZN

ykDh uzvkb u"AeVh B/ Gkoh I[bw ehs/. r[o{ ;kfjpkB ns/ Grs ;kfjpkB dh

;'u, ihtB d/ goT[geko B{z ;kjwD/ oZy e/ ;G s'A tZX rohpK B/ ;kE fdsk s/

;w/A ;w/A je{ws d/ b'N{nK d/ dzd yZN/ ehs/. r[opkDh s/ fJfsjk; r[o{ ;kfjpkB

ns/ Grs ;kfjpkB d/ gftZso ihtB d/ PkyPks rtkj jB. go nZi d/ fJjBK

mZrK fgS/ ehs/ gqdoPB fezBk p/Vk roe eo oj/, fJ; dk gsk T[d'A br{ id'A

fJBebkph ;'u wko e/ spkj eo d/Dr/, T[d'A o'D s'A f;tk j'o e[S BjhA j'Dk,

iK g[S' T[jBK B{z fiBk Bkb phsh iK gV' wi{dk jkbksK B{z fezB/ ;kX ;zs ;wki

ftu rzd fybko oj/ jB, f;yh p/V/ B{z th b? v[ZpD bJh fsnko jB. gzikp dh

nZi dh sok;dh ny"sh ;zsK, iE/dkoK, nkr{n K dk jh Bshik j? . eJh sK

;wMD br gJ/ jB, eJh E' V / ;w/ A ftu ;wM ikDr/ .

;kozP L^ fJ; Ppd dh nZyoh pDso s'A Ugoh BIo/ t/fynk nfijk gqshs j[d
z k

j? fe gqwkswk ;op PeshwkB fJe fBe/ fij/ gzSh s/ ;tkoh eofdnK Bkwd/

t ih dh ;jkfJsk tk;s/ nkD g[Zik. T[;dh ;jkfJsk Bkb Bkw/dt ih B/ rT{

ihts eo fdsh. pbfe d[X u' e/ oki/ nZr/ ik oZfynk. go eh Bkwd/t ih

nfij/ oZp d/ g{ikoh ;B < eh r[opkDh eokwksK ftu ftPtkP oZydh j? < r[o{

;kfjpkBK s/ nB/e n"eVK nkJhnK eh T[jBK B/ eokwksK Bkb w[PebK s/ cfsj

gkJh< f;yK dk oZp > ;o{g tkbk j?. T[j iBw woB s'A ofjs j?. T[j

nekb w{ofs j?, ni{Bh j?, ;?Gz j?.

;zefN Bjh go? i'fB BjhA nkt? Bkw[ fBoziB ik e' o/]

epho e' ;[nkwh n?;' mke[o[ ik e? wkJh B pkg' o/ ]ò]ñù]÷0]

24
 (rT[Vh epho ih gzBk L óóù)

nuZb tNkb/ fty/ f;X i'rhnK B/ r[Z;/ Bkb Go e/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih

B{z fJe rZb ejh ;h e/ s[;h eokwks ftykU. d/oh feT[A bkJh j?< i' itkp r[o[

BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ fdsk, GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk j? L^

f;fX p'bfD ;[fD BkBek s[fj ir B' fenk eokwks fdykJh<

e[S ftykb' n;K B' s[fj feT[A fYb nt/jh bkJh<

pkpk p'b/ BkE ih` n;K s/ t/yD i'r t;s[ (eokwks) Bk ekJh.

r[o ;zrfs pkDh fpBk d{ih UN BjhA j? okJh (tko ñ$ôò)

;fsr[o{ ih ig[ pkDh ftu c[owkD eod/ jB “fofX f;X ntok ;kd@

(gzBk ÷) ;fsr[o{ gz i t/ A BkBe B{ z eokwksK ftykT[ D bJh nkfynk frnk.

T[ j BK B/ Bkj eo fdsh. ;st/ A r[o{ ih B/ eokwksK d/ fto[X cstk fdsk.

nZmt/A r[o{ ih nZr/ fJjh ;tkb nkfJnk s/ T[jBK B/ eokwksK s'A fJBeko ehsk.

r[o{ s/r pjkd[o ih B{z eokwks iK w"s ep{bD bJh fejk, T[jBK w"s gotkB

ehsh. eokwks s'A fJBeko ehsk. d;t/A r[o{ ih T[s/ fezBhnK tZvhnK w[;hpsK

nkJhnK, eokwks Bkb pu iKd/. eokwks Bk dh e'Jh uhI j't/ sK j' th ;edh

j?. id'A j? jh e'Jh BjhA sK ehsk eh ikt/. ;kok f;Zy fJfsjk; b;kBh pjkd[oh

tkbhnK xNBktK Bkb Gfonk fgnk j?. f;zxk^f;zxDhnK G[MzrhnK B/ nB/eK

s;hj/ MZb/, w"s gotkB ehsh go M[e/ BjhA. f;de s/ nV/ ofjDk jh n;b

eokwks j?. Gkos ftu brGr gzikj bZy ftjbV ;kX, eokwksh j'D dk

dkjtk eod/ jB. go fJjBK b[Nf/ onK B/ d/P dh nIkdh ftu e'Jh :'rdkB BjhA

gkfJnk. d/P dh izsk dk eokwksK Bkb fJBQK e[ZM BjhA ;ztkfonk. ;r'A o'Nh

egVk Gh d{finK s'A b? e/ tosd/ jB. eokwksK Bkb e[M pD ;edk j[zdk sK
25
fe;/ fJB;kB B{z y/ub eoB dh b'V BjhA ;h. }?ph PeshnK Bkb jh ;ko/ ezw

eotk b?D/ ;B. go fJj eokwksK fBok fJe co/p j?, mZrh j?.

r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ pkpo d/ jwb/ dh ypo nrkT{A d/ e/, nkfynk

;h w[ekpbk eoB bJh fsnko oj'. fJjBK gmkDK B/ m'e e/ nkfynk ;h ;kv/

e'b pV/ tv/ tv/ gho ceho jB ikd{ N{ D / wz s o eoBr/ w[ r b pkpo dh c" i

nz B h j' ikt/ r h, GZ i ikt/ r h. fco i' jkbs fJjBK dh j'Jh T[j r[o{ BkBe

ih B/ pkDh okjhA ;kB{z fJT[A ;wMkJh j? sK fe eokwksK Bkb ezw ok; eotkT[D

dk Gow fBeb ikt/L^

e'Nh j{ gho tofi ojkJ/ ik who[ ;[fDnk XkfJnk]

EkB w[ekw ib/ fpi wzdo w[fS w[fS e[fJo o[bkfJnk]

e'Jh w[rb[ B j'nk nzXk feB? B guk bkfJnk]ô]

(nk;k wLñ gzBk ôòò)

okiBhsh, g?;k s/ frnkB nfij/ PeshPkbh jfEnko jB fiBK nZr/

jo n?ok^r?ok M[e iKdk j?. go gqG{ fgnko tkb/ woihtV/ ;fsr[o{ ih tb'A

to';kJ/ f;y Grs, Ikbw dk w{j

z s'V i[nkp d/ ;ed/ jB. rzrk iw[Bk T[bNhnK

tr g?D p/Pe
Z , go “iB goT[gekoh@ nkgD/ n;{b s'A g?o fgSKj BjhA jNkT[Ad.
/

T[jBK dh fposh j[d

z h j? fe “wB[ B fvr? sB[ ekj/ eT[ vokfJ] uoB ewb fus[

ofjU ;wkfJ] ojkT[]@ (gzBk ññöö)

r[opkDh d/ fJBebkph sZs B{z ysw eoe/ nkw b/yeK gqukoeK ;zsK tb'A

f;Zy ;wki B{z, eokwksK d/ uZeoftT{ ftu T[bMk e/, nfijk e[okj/ gkfJnk

frnk j? fe tkg; w[VBk n;zGt j'fJnk fgnk j?. }?ph PeshnK dh M{mh N/

e ekfJo s/ vog'e b'e oyd/ jB. T[j y[d th popkd j[zd/ jB s/ nkgD/ ;zrh
26
;kEhnK B{z th rbs f;fynk d[nkok e[okj/ gk e/ wotk fdzd/ jB. pkpo,

ijKrho, PkjijkB s/ n"ozrI/p pj[s Ikbw ;B. ;fsr[[o{ ;kfjpkB pj[s

f;nkD/ ;B, go eh fJj Ikpo oki/ oZs ghD/ ioB?b eokwksK Bkb ysw ehs/

ik ;e/< ;" ;kb sZe f;ZyK s/ x'o ;zeN dk ;wK fojk, f;oK d/ w[b gJ/, ;op

BkP dh erko s/ g[i

Z rJ/. sd'A pj[s Bkw o;hJ/ GiBhe f;Zy ;B. eh eokwks

okjhA f;yK s/ i[bw j'D' o'fenk< eh fJj ;zGt j? < nZi th nDfrDs ny"sh

;zs pqjwfrnkBh s[o/ fcod/ BIo nkT[Ad/ jB, go f;y gzE iK wB[Zyh ;wki dk

fJjBK e[M ;tkfonk j?<

j[D fJjBK dhnK eokwksK y[zYhnK j' rJhnK jB< eokwksK s/ N/e

oZyD tkfbnK B/ ikBwkb dh spkjh eotkT[D s'A fpBK j'o e[M jk;b ehsk j't/

sK dZ;'< rtkjh pkpo d/ jwb/ dh r[o{ BkBe d/ rJ/ jB.

r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih e'b r'fpzd ro[V s/ ;tko j' e/ BjhA nkfJnk.

gzit/A gksPkj, S/t/A gksPkj, B"t/A gksPkj, d;t/A gksPkj ih e'b edh r'fpzd

ro[V s/ ;tko j' e/ BjhA nkfJnk< eh fJjBK ftu xZN Pesh ;h< fJj oZp

d/ fgnko/ BjhA ;B< ;fsr[o{ ih B/ PgPN i' ;kB{z f;fynk fdsh j? T[j j? ghoh

s/ whoh, Grsh s/ Pesh, ;zs s/ f;gkjh, pkDh s/ pkDk. PkPso s/ PPso dk

;[w/b pyfPP ehsk j?. ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fJe nekb d/ g[ikoh pDk e/ J/esk d/

;{so ftu go'fJnk ;h s/ fJ;/ dh pd"bs, f;y ;G poesK, skesK, sysK d/

wkbe pD rJ/ ;B. id'A s'A pqkjwDh ohsK eokwksK dh N/e oZyD bZr/ jK j'o

fBtkDk ftu, v{zxh dbdb ftu XZ;d/ ik oj/ jK. i/ Bkwd/t ih tes T[jBK

dh oZfynk tk;s/ GrtkB ro[V s/ ;tko j' e/ nk g[Zik ;h, eh nZi fJe th

nfijk f;Zy , ;kX, pq j wfrnkBh BjhA, i' ykb;k gz E o{ g h p/ V / B{z v[ p D'

27
puk bt/ < iK sK j? jh e'Jh Bjh, iK Gbk eoBk jh BjhA ukj[zd/, d'tK rZbK ftu'A

fJesK ;Zu io{o j? tho' G?D'` t/bk j? ikrD dk, r[opkDh B{z ;wMD dk, ihtB

B{z r[o{ nk;/ nB[;ko r[DtkB pDkT[D dk. fco ;G/ y?oK j'DrhnK.

;b'eL ckj/ ekN/ fwN/ rtB cfsj GJh wfB ihs]

BkBe r[o s/ fEs gkJh fcoB fwN/ fBs Bhs]ñ]

(wL õ gzBk òõø)

28
 b/ye dhnK j'o ouBktK
g[;seK
1H Xow d/ BK s/HHH.
2H ;kvk p/Vk fJT[A rofenkHHH.
3H g"okDe eEktK dk nzs.
4H gzikp ftu'A f;ZyK dk ;opBk;.
feskpu/
1H d;tzX gqzgok
2H w?B{z f;Zyh s/ wkD j?
3H r[o{ noi[B ;kfjp ih
4H wkbk dh eokwks
5H f;Zy f;XKs
6H ro[V uV/ r'fpzd nkfJbk
7H fdB[ o?fD ;G ;[jktD/ fgnko/
8H ;G s/ tvk ;fsr[o{ BkBe[
nkvhU ;hHvhI
1H f;Zy f;XksK dk fBy/Vk (18 xzN/ eEk MP-3)
2H fJfsjk; dk r"ot (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3)
3H eh fJj f;ZyK d/ fsT[jko jB< (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3)
4H r[oT[gd/;a eh j?< (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3)
5H pBko; d/ mZr (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3)
6H tfjw Gow feT[A< (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3)
7H r[opkDh dk ukBD (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3)
8H r[opkDh d/ 52 j[ew (26 xzN/ d'' Gkr eEk MP-3)
9H f;Zyh s/ wkD (10 xzN/ eEk MP-3)
thvhU ;hHvhia
10H f;Zyh dk wkD (thvhU ;hvh eEk)
11H r[o{ nwodk; ih (thvhU ;hvh eEk)
12H nodk; eh j?< (thvhU ;hvh eEk)
13H uVQdh ebk fet/A j't/ (thvhU ;hvh d' Gkr ;[nkb i[nkp)
14H eh Boe ;[or j?< (thvhU ;hvh)
15H Xow ftfdnk io{oh (thvhU ;hvh)
 cfsj gpbhe/;aBi

;kv/ tZb'A sZs r[ows gqrN eoB tkb/ eoKsheko ftdtkBK dhnK

nBw'b g[;seK fwb ;edhnK jB. fiBQK ftu wkbk c/oB, u"eV/ wkoe/

;wkXhnK bkT[D, fpBK ;wM/ f;woB eoB s/ ozr pozr/ gkm eoB d/ sohe/ BjhA

f;ykJ/ rJ/, ;r'A gzE dh uVQdh ebk tk;s/, fBoG? j' e/, fjZeK skDe/, ebw dh

p/i'V skes okjhA, ;z;ko ;Bw[y r[opkDh d/ ukBD ftu, jZe gqkgs eoB bJh

wod/ w[ikfjd pDkT[dhnK jB. i' b/ye ftekT{ BjhA pD/, Gkt/A xo iwhB ;G

fte rJ/. e[M fBXVe b/yeK B{z g[ikohnK B/ “gzE” ftu S/e fdsk j?. pkehnK

B{z S/eD dh fsnkoh ftu jB. n;hA ft;atk;a d[nkT[Ad/ jK fe ;kvhnK goyhnK

s/ gVhnK j'JhnK feskpK jh s[jkv/ jZEK ftu g[iDrhnK. r[owfs fto'Xh e{Vk

eoeN BjhA g[Zi/rk. ftfrnkBe BiaohJ/ Bkb r[opkDh dh e;tZNh s/ goyhnK,

sZs r[owfs g[;seK s/ ;hHvhiaH wzrkT[D bJh ;kv/ Bkb ;zgoe eo' ih.

feskpK fwbD dk gsk

eztodhg f;zx
cfsj gpbhe/;aBia
91^ftfdnk Bro, ;kjwD/ gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,
gfNnkbk (gzikp). w'pH L 98144^55582